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Transcript of Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN)...
![Page 1: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Wireless Embedded Systems
(0120442x)
IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area
Networks(6LoWPAN)
Chaiporn [email protected]
Department of Computer EngineeringKasetsart University
![Page 2: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
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Outline 6LoWPAN IPv6 overview Header compression tecniques Routing JenNet-IP The 6lo Working Group
![Page 3: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low-power Wireless
Personal Area Networks Nodes communicate using IPv6
packets An IPv6 packet is carried in the
payload of IEEE 802.15.4 data frames
![Page 4: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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Example 6LoWPAN Systems
![Page 5: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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IPv6 Overview Larger address space compared to
IPv6 232 vs. 2128
Autoconfiguration Supporting both stateful (DHCPv6) and
stateless operations Simplified headers
Fixed header with optional daisy-chained headers
Mandatory security
![Page 6: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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IPv6 Header Minimum header size = 40 bytes
Header compression mechanism is needed
Ver
Bit 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
0 Traffic Class Flow Label
Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit
Source Address
Destination Address
32
64
96
128
160
192
224
256
288
![Page 7: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
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IPv6 Extended Headers More flexible than IPv4’s option fields Example 1: no extended header
Example 2: with a routing header
Next header = 6 (TCP) TCP hdr + payload
Next header = 43 (routing) TCP hdr + payloadNext header = 6 (TCP)
![Page 8: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
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IPv6 Addressing Global unicast addresses
Start with 001
Host ID usually incorporates MAC address
Prefix provided byservice provider
Subnet ID
48 16
Host ID001
64
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IPv6 Address Scopes Global addresses
Globally routable Link-local addresses
Only used within directly attached network
Belonging to FE80::/10 subnet0 Interface ID
1111 1110 10
10 bits
96 db c9 FF FE 00 16 fe
94 db c9 00 16 fe
U = 0: not uniqueU = 1: unique
xxxxxxUx
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IEEE 802.15.4 Revisited Allows 127 bytes MTU
Good for buffering cost and low packet error rate
Supports both 16-bit and 64-bit addresses
Supports both star and mesh topologies
Usually operates in an ad hoc fashion with unreliable links
IEEE 802.15.4 networks are considered Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLN)
![Page 11: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
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6LoWPAN Adaptation Layer Needs to make IEEE 802.15.4
comply with IPv6’s MTU size of 1280 bytes IEEE 802.15.4’s MTU is 127 bytes MAC header: ≤ 25 bytes Optional security header: ≤ 21 bytes
Provides three main services Packet fragmentation and reassembly Header compression Link-layer forwarding
![Page 12: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
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6LowPAN Header Stack
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Header Dispatch Byte
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Mesh Address Header (1) Used with mesh-under routing
approach Only performed by FFDs
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Mesh Address Header (2) Hop left field is decremented by one every
hop Frame is discarded when hop left is 0
Address fields are unchanged
A B C
Originator Final
802.15.4Header
MeshHeader
BOrig FinalDst Src
A A D Data
D
802.15.4Header
MeshHeader
DOrig FinalDst Src
C A D Data
![Page 16: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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Mesh-under vs. Route-over Routing
Application
Transport
Network (IPv6)
6LoWPAN Adaptation
802.15.4 MAC
802.15.4 PHY
Application
Transport
Network (IPv6)
6LoWPAN Adaptation
802.15.4 MAC
802.15.4 PHY
Mesh-under routing Route-over routing
Routing
![Page 17: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
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Fragment Header Fragmentation is required when IPv6
payload size exceeds that of IEEE 802.15.4 payload limit
All fragments are in units of 8 bytes
(in 8-byte units)
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IPv6 Header Compression Can be either stateless or stateful Independent of flows
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HC1 Compression (1) Optimized for link-local addresses
Based on the following observations Version is always 6 IPv6 address’s interface ID can be inferred
from MAC address Packet length can be inferred from frame
length TC and flow label are commonly 0 Next header is TCP, UDP, or ICMP
Ver Traffic Class Flow Label
Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit
Source Address
Destination Address
![Page 20: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
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HC1 Compression (2)
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HC2 Compression Compress UDP header Length field can be inferred from
frame length Source and destination ports are
shortened into 4 bits each Given that ports fall in the well-known
range of 61616 – 61631
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HC1 + HC2 Compression
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IPHC Compression (1) HC1 and HC2 are only optimized for
link-local addresses Globally routable addresses must be
carried non-compressed IPHC will be the main compression
technique for 6LoWPAN HC1 and HC2 will likely be deprecated
![Page 24: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
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IPHC Compression (2)
TF: Traffic class and flow label NH: Next header HLIM: Hop limit (0NC, 11,264,3255) CID: Context Identifier SAC/DAC: Src/Dst address (stateful or stateless) SAM/DAM: Src/Dst mode
![Page 25: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
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IPHC’s Context Identifier Can be used to derive source and
destination addresses Not specified how contexts are
stored or maintained
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RPL – Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks
![Page 27: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
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Low-power and Lossy Networks Abbr. LLN Packet drops and
link failures are frequent
Routing protocol should not over-react to failures
Not only applied to wireless networks E.g., power-line
communication
Pac
ket
del
iver
y ra
tio
![Page 28: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
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Routing Requirements IETF formed a working group in 2008,
called ROLL (Routing over Low-power and Lossy Networks) to make routing requirements
Major requirements include Unicast/multicast/anycast Adaptive routing Contraint-based routing Traffic characteristics Scalability Auto-configuration and management Security
![Page 29: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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LLN Example
![Page 30: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
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Different Objective Functions
- Minimize low and fair quality links- Avoid non-encrypted links
- Minimize latency- Avoid poor quality links and battery-powered node
![Page 31: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
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RPL Protocol IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power
and Lossy Networks Designed to be highly modular for
flexibility Employing distance vector
mechanism
![Page 32: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
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DODAG (Destination Oriented Directed Acyclilc Graph) is created Based on the objective function
RPL Operations
1
1211
23 24
13
21 22
3534333231
4241 4443 45 46
LBR1
1211
23 24
13
21 22
3534333231
4241 4443 45 46
LBR
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Multiple DODAGs (1) Provide alternate routes for different
requirements
![Page 34: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
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Multiple DODAGs (2)
- Low latency- High reliability (no battery-powered node)
![Page 35: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
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JenNet IP Jennic’s implementation of 6LoWPAN Supports tree topology Routing is performed over a tree
![Page 36: Wireless Embedded Systems (0120442x) IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks (6LoWPAN) Chaiporn Jaikaeo chaiporn.j@ku.ac.th Department of Computer.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649c7b5503460f9492f67d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
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The 6lo Working Group Works on IPv6 over networks of
constrained nodes, such as IEEE 802.15.4 ITU-T G.9959 Bluetooth LE
https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/6lo/charter/
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References G. Montenegro, N. Kushalnagar, J. Hui, and
D. Culler. Transmission of IPv6 Packets over IEEE 802.15.4 Networks, RFC 4494, September 2007.
NXP Laboratories. JenNet-IP WPAN Stack User Guide (JN-UG-3080 v1.3). 2013.
Jean-Philippe Vasseur and Adam Dunkels. Interconnecting Smart Objects with IP: The Next Internet. Morgan Kaufmann. 2010.