Wireless Data Monitoring of Hybrid Powered Street Light

Project Advisor: Dr Abid Karim

Group Members: Akhtar Abbas (16151)

Nasir Abbas (14856)

Abdul Hamid (14848)

M Baqir Adil (15761)

Contents1. Introduction

2. Hybrid Powered System

3. Wireless Data Monitoring

4. LabVIEW

Introduction

Our project consist of two parts:o Hybrid Powered Systemo Wireless Data Monitoring

Aims and Objectives

Implement the wireless technology for data (wind turbine speed, current, voltage, temperature) monitoring of Hybrid Powered System

Display all the parameters on PC using LabView

Features

Reduce Cost Increase Efficiency Monitor Anywhere Environment Friendly Easily Recognize the Fault Easy to Install

Scope

This hybrid powered System can be installed in national high ways and desserts

For the maximum Uninterrupted power supply in industries

This system can be installed in remote areas and deserts like Thar where the basic facility of Electricity is not available

Hybrid System Parts Specification

Solar Panel (Poly Crystalline)

Electrical Measurements: 24V × 2.5A = 60watt

Physical Measurements: 2ft × 1.5ft = 3sq.fts Wind Turbine

Wing size: 2ft × 1ft = 2sq.fts

Wings diameter: 1meter DC motor

24V 5A Wind turbine height

Pole + Wings: 10ft + 2ft = 12ft

Base: 1sq.meter

Solar Panel Specification Power (W) 60(Watts)

Voltage(V) 24 (Volts)

Cell Type Polycrystalline

Length 30.2’’

Width 26.38’’

Depth 1.18’’

Weight 6.7 Kg

ROTOR DIAMETER 10 INCHES

WEIGHT

VOLTAGE

START UP WIND SPEED

RATED POWER

BLADES ( 8 )

BODY

HEIGHT

13 LB

24V

7MPH

60 WATT AT 10MPH

IRON

CAST ALUMUNIUM

10 FT

Components Type Specification No.

1 Street Lamp Cold-white LED 24W,12V 1

2 Battery Lead-Acid 40Ah,12V 1

3 DC Motor Permanent Magnet, DC Motor

24V 1

Battery charging time formulaCharging time of battery = Battery Ah / Charging Current T = Ah / A In our Project we used 40Ah Lead-Acid battery therefore charging current should be 10% of Ah rating of a battery.i.e. Charging current = 40Ah×(10/100) = 4A Charging time = 40Ah/4A = 10hrs

Battery Charging Calculations

Battery Charging Calculations

Practically, this is noted that 40%of losses (in case of battery charging)

Then,

40 × (40/100) = 16…….(40Ah × 40% of losses)

Therefore,

40 + 16 = 56 Ah (40 Ah + Losses)

Now charging time of battery = Ah/Charging Current

56/4 = 14hrs

Calculation

Higher Cutoff

6*2.17

=13.02o Lower Cutoff

6*1.75

=10.5

o Load (Street lights)o Each Led light take 1Wo We used 24 LEDs array lampo Total Load Power = 24Wo Operating Voltage = 12V

Load

Charge Controller

Upper Cutoff (13.02V)Protect from overcharging of batteryIRFZ44N power MosfetLM 3397805 Voltage Regulator 1N4007 Diode2n2222 Transistor

Lower Cutoff (10.5V)

To prevent deep discharging of battery

Zener Diode 1N4732A (4.7V)

Wireless Data Monitoring

Arduino Uno R3 Transmitter Xbee 1mW Receiver Xbee 1mW Xbee Explorer Dongle Xbee Regulator Lab View

ARDUINO UNO R3

Microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 . 14 digital input/output pins (6 can be used as PWM outputs) 6 analog inputs A 16 MHz Crystal A USB connection (ATmeaga 16U2 IC) A power jack An ICSP header A reset button. Connected to a computer with a USB cable Powered it with a AC-to-DC adapter

Pin Used In Ardiuno

Solar Panel Voltage A0

Temperature A1

Battery Voltage A3

Wind Turbine Voltage A4

Load Current A5

Wind Turbine Speed 3

Transmitter 1

Data Monitoring

Voltage (Battery, Solar and Wind Turbine)Current Temperature Speed of Wind Turbine

Devices

Battery Voltage Voltage Divider Solar panel Voltage Voltage Divider Wind turbine Voltage Voltage Divider Temperature LM35 Current ACS712 Wind Turbine Speed Proximity Sensor

Voltage Measurement

Voltage divider circuit

Battery Solar & Wind Turbine

Program voltage_value=analogRead(voltage_pin); voltage=((5*voltage_value)/1024)*7.593; solar_value=analogRead(solar_pin); solar_voltage=((5*solar_value)/1024)*16; turbine_value=analogRead(turbine_pin); turbine_voltage=((5*turbine_value)/1024)*16; Serial.print(voltage); Serial.print(solar_voltage); Serial.print(turbine_voltage);

R1 = 120kR2 = 18.2kVout = R2/(R1+R2)*Vin // 12V /24VVout = 1.58Value1/Value2 = Value3 / Value45/1.58 = 1024/Value 4Value4 = 323.7 =323.7This is the Value at Voltage_PinNow ,voltage_value=analogRead(voltage_pin);// =323.7 voltage=((5*voltage_value)/1024)*7.593; //( 5*323)/1024*7.593

// =11.999905

Voltage Calculation Example

Current Measurement

ACS 712 Measured Load Current

Current Calculation Example

Let the current at the output of ACS712 is 0.5 The sensitivity of ACS712 is 100mv =0.1 V 0.5*0.1 = 0.05V Value1 / Value2 = Value3 / Value4 5/0.05 = 1024/ Value4 Value4 = 10.24 Value4 = 512+10 = 523 is the value at current_pin current_read=analogRead(current_pin); //=523 current_voltage=(5*current_read)/1024; // (5*523)/1024

//=2.553 current=(2.5-current_voltage)/0.1000; // (2.5 -2.553) / 0.1

// = 0.5013

Program current_read=analogRead(current_pin); current_voltage=(5*current_read)/1024; current=(2.5-current_voltage)/0.1000; Serial.println(current);

Temperature Measurement

LM35 IC

Program lm35value=analogRead(lm35pin);

lm35voltage=(5*lm35value)/1024;

temp=lm35voltage/0.01;

Serial.print(temp);

Temperature Calculation Example

Let the temperature is 27 Degree Centigrade The sensitivity of LM35 is 10mv =0.01 V 27*0.01 = 0.27VValue1 / Value2 = Value3 / Value45/0.27 = 1024/ Value4Value4 = 56 lm35value=analogRead(lm35pin); // = 56 lm35voltage=(5*lm35value)/1024; // (56*5)/1024

// = 0.2734temp=lm35voltage/0.01; // = 0.2734 /0.01

// = 27.37 = 27

Speed Measurement

Inductive Proximity Sensor

Program

durationH = pulseIn(pin, HIGH); durationL = pulseIn(pin, LOW); duration=durationH+durationL; df=duration; frequency=1000000/df; f=frequency*0.87; rpm=f*60; Serial.println(rpm);

Xbee Wire Antenna

oPopular 2.4GHz module .

oModule no 802.15.4

oThese module allow a very simple & reliable communication b/w microcontroller, computer ,systems, really anything’s with a serial port .

oIt support point to point & multi-points networks

Diagram

Features

Voltage 3.3VCurrent 50mAOutput 1mW(0 dBm)Sensitivity -92dBmRange 300ft(100m)Input ADC Pins 6 to 10

Features

AT or API commands Transmit Current 45mA(@3.3V) Receiver Current 50mA(@3.3V) Operating Frequency 2.4GHz Operating Temperature -44-85C

Configuration

Transmitter (Slave) +++ ATDI 3001 ATMY 2 ATDL 0 ATDH 1

Receiver (Master) +++ ATDI 3001 ATMY 1 ATDL 0 ATDH 0

XBEE Regulator

Used to maintain constant voltage level.

Used to regulate one or more AC

or DC voltages.

Communication is Serial pass

through to XBee module.

XBEE Explorer Dongle

Connected to a USB port Worked with all XBee

modules It uses an FTDI FT231X

USB-to-Serial chip

What is LabVIEW?

LabVIEW=Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench

Leader in instrument control, hardware interfaces, data analysis, user-interface, measurement, and automation

What is LabVIEW?

LabVIEW programs are called VIs - Virutal Instruments

They include the Front Panel and the Block Diagram

Front Panel is like a driver’s cockpit: controls inputs, shows outputs, and connects to the engine - User Interface

Block Diagram is like the engine of a car: allows it to function and connects everything together - Behind the Scenes

Front Panel and Block Diagram

Front Panel Block Diagram

Contains graphical source codeBuilt with controls (inputs) and indicators (outputs)

VISA Configure Serial Port: VI

o VISA resource name specifies the resource to be opened.

o baud rate is the rate of transmission. The default is 9600.

o data bits is the number of bits in the incoming data. The default value is 8. o VISA resource name out is a copy of the VISA resource name that VISA functions return.

o error out contains error information. This output provides standard error out functionality.

VISA Set I/O Buffer Size Function

o VISA resource name specifies the resource to be opened.o mask designates which buffer size to set. 16 I/O Receive Buffer 32 I/O Transmit Buffer 48 I/O Receive and Transmit Buffero size designates the size of the I/O buffer in bytes. o error in describes error conditions that occur before this node runs.

VISA Clear Function

VISA resource name specifies the resource to be opened.

error in describes error conditions that occur before this node runs.

VISA resource name out is a copy of the VISA resource name that VISA functions return.

error out contains error information.

Stacked Sequence Structure

The Stacked Sequence structure, shown as follows, stacks each frame so you see only one frame at a time and executes frame 0, then frame 1, and so on until the last frame executes.

Consists of one or more sub diagrams, or frames, that execute sequentially.

Use the Stacked Sequence structure to ensure a sub diagram executes before or after another sub diagram.

While Loop

Repeats the sub diagram inside it until the conditional terminal.

Right-click the conditional terminal and select Stop if True or Continue if True from the shortcut menu.

The While Loop always executes at least once

Case Structure

A case structure is a LabVIEW primitive that dynamically selects which parts of code should execute.

Has one or more sub diagrams, or cases, exactly one of which executes when the structure executes.

VISA Read Function

Reads the specified number of bytes from the device or interface specified by VISA resource name and returns the data in read buffer.

byte count is the number of bytes to be read. read buffer contains the data read from the device. return count contains the number of bytes actually

read.

Match Regular Expression Function

input string specifies the input string the function searches. This string cannot contain null characters.

regular expression specifies the pattern you want to search for in input string. If the function does not find a match, whole match and after match contain empty strings, before match contains the entire input string, offset past match returns –1, and all submatches outputs return empty strings.

whole match contains all the characters that match the expression entered in regular expression.

Fract/Exp String To Number Function

String can be a string, a cluster of strings, an array of strings, or an array of clusters of strings.

Number can be a number, a cluster, an array of

numbers, or an array of clusters, depending on the structure of string.

Advantages Good for building piecewise: using small amounts of

code in a larger code

Visually programming is easier to learn

Better than MATLAB for controlling the interfaces between hardware

Easy to create the user-interface at the same time

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