Wireless Control That Simply WorksWireless Control That Simply Works

ZIGBEE

Copyright © 2005 ZigBeeTM

Alliance. All Rights Reserved.

Wireless Control That Simply Works

Seminar on

ZIGBEE

2nd April 2009

Debasish Panigrahy

Anish Ranjan Malik

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

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What is Zigbee ?

• A wireless network used for home, building and industrial control. It conforms to the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard for low data rate networks. With a maximum speed of 250 Kbps at 2.4GHz, ZigBee is slower than Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, but is designed for low power so that batteries can last for months and years. The typical ZigBee transmission range is roughly 50 meters, but that can vary greatly depending on temperature, humidity and air quality.

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IEEE 802.15.4

• IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard defined by IEEE for low rate, wireless personal area network.

• The standard defines the Physical layer and Medium Access Layer

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802.15.4 Application Space

Sensors & Controls:Home Automation

Industrial Automation

Remote Metering

Automotive Networks

Interactive Toys

Active RFID/ asset tracking

Medical

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The ZigBee History

ZigBee

IEEE 802.15.4

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

RSI/TRDProposals

Initial MRD v0.2

PAR

Proposalto IEEE

ProposalsStand.

CompleteReviews

ZigBee Allianceformed

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• Large networks

• Very long battery life

• Device data rate needs are low

Sensor/Control Network Requirements

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So Why ZigBee?

ZigBee is the only wireless standards-based technology:

• that addresses the unique needs of remote monitoring & control, and sensory network applications

• enables broad-based deployment of wireless networks with low cost, low power solutions

• provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary batteries for a typical monitoring application

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Basic Radio Characteristics

ZigBee technology relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in low SNR environments

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What does Zigbee Do

• Operates in Personal Area Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to- Networks (PAN’s) and device-to- device networksdevice networks• Connectivity between small Connectivity between small packet devicespacket devices•Control of lights, switches, Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc.thermostats, appliances, etc.• Designed for wireless controls Designed for wireless controls and sensorsand sensors

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• 65,536 network (client) nodes

• Optimized for timing-critical applications and power management– Time to Join Network: <30ms– Sleeping to active: <15ms– Channel access time: <15ms

• Full Mesh Networking Support

Basic Network Characteristics

Network coordinatorFull Function nodeReduced Function node

Communications flow

Virtual links

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How Zigbee Works

• Topology– Star

– Cluster Tree

– Mesh

• Network coordinator, routers, end devices

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ZigBee Network Topologies

PAN coordinator

Full Function Device

Reduced Function Device

Star

Mesh

Cluster Tree

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking

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Wireless Control That Simply Works

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Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking

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Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking

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How Zigbee Works

• States of operation– Active– Sleep

• Devices– Full Function Devices (FFD’s)– Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)

• Modes of operation– Beacon– Non-beacon

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Network Structure

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Network Structure

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Network Structure

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ZigBee – Highly Reliable

• Mesh and tree networking protocol provides redundant paths

• Automatic retries and acknowledgements• Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable

broadcasts across the network• Parents keep track of messages for sleeping children• High intrinsic interference tolerance

– Multiple channels– Frequency agility– Robust modulation

Wireless Control That Simply WorksWireless Control That Simply Works

ZIGBEE

Zigbee and Bluetooth

Competitive or Complementary?

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ZigBee and Bluetooth

• ZigBee

– Smaller packets over large network

– Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices

– Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc.

• Bluetooth

– Larger packets over small network

– Ad-hoc networks

– File transfer

– Screen graphics, pictures, hands-free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.

Optimized for different applications

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• Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets

• Bluetooth expects regular charging– Target is to use <10%

of host power

ZigBee and BluetoothAddress Different Needs

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• ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is ‘rarely’ replaced– Targets are :

• Tiny fraction of host power

• New opportunities where wireless not yet used

ZigBee and BluetoothAddress Different Needs

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Bluetooth:• Network join time = >3s• Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically• Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically

ZigBee:• Network join time = 30ms typically • Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically• Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically

Timing Considerations

ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications

ZigBee and Bluetooth

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Initial Enumeration

Coordinator Coordinator

ZigBee Bluetooth

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An Application Example

• Wireless Light switch – – Easy for Builders to Install

• A Bluetooth Implementation would either :– keep a counter running so that it

could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or

– use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated.

Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch

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Conclusion

• ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or any other wireless standard

• ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution

ZigBee and Bluetooth

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Product Application

• Road map products-tracking

• Consumer electronics

• PC

• Personal and healthcare

• Commercial and residential control

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ZigBee Applications

ZigBeeWireless Control that

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RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT

COMMERCIAL CONTROL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

TVVCRDVD/CDremote

securityHVAClighting controlaccess controllawn & garden irrigation

PC & PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

asset mgtprocess control

environmentalenergy mgt

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

BUILDING AUTOMATION

securityHVAC

AMRlighting controlaccess control

mousekeyboardjoystick

patient monitoring

fitness monitoring

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From Popular Science Magazine

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PC And Peripherals

• Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home Theatre TV)– Computer peripherals;– HID devices

• Video conference equipment– Remote control

• Video gaming equipment– Multi-player PC & video games– Remote controls for audio and video equipment

• PC Enhanced & stand alone toys– In-room coverage

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Human Input Devices (HID)

– Keyboard

– Mouse / Pointing Device

– Remote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment)

– Gaming device

– Double Joystick

– Game Pad for Direct X

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Consumer Electronics

• Home appliances/general consumer electronic devices– Existing home security systems, electrical & heating

systems– Wireless door and opening monitoring, system control– Wireless Keypads– Smoke and flame detectors– Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home;

• Blinds/Shades• Pool/Spa equipment• Garage door openers

– Voice Control

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Why ZigBee?

• Reliable and self healing• Supports large number of nodes• Easy to deploy• Very long battery life• Secure• Low cost• Can be used globally

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Thank YouITECHTRIX