Wireless Application Guide -...

APPLICATION GUIDE

Preliminary Wireless Application Guide Document Edition 2.0

Product Description

The Delta wireless product family consists of the DFM-ZBEE wireless gateway, the RPT-ZBEE wireless repeater and the WNS-Txxxx wireless temperature and humidity sensors. The DFM-ZBEE is a small module powered by 24 VAC and works in conjunction with a System or Application level device by putting the remote sensor data onto the Delta Controls LINKnet network. The WNS-Txxxx are wireless temperature/humidity sensors that transmit and receive data from their location to the DFM-ZBEE gateway. The RPT-ZBEE is a 24 VAC powered wireless repeater/router used to extend the range of sensors from the gateway.

When a RPT-ZBEE repeater is used with a gateway, up to 11 sensors are supported. The gateway alone will communicate with up to 8 sensors.

Typical applications include mounting in specialized areas that are difficult to wire, such as on solid concrete and marble walls or in atriums, foyers and auditoriums.

Other applications include spaces that change periodically such as tenant retrofit areas. An extra set of terminals allows for remote location of an external thermistor temperature probe, which can be used to retrieve temperatures from inside a cold storage box, environmental chamber or from an outside loading dock.

Important Information Related Documents

Delta Controls Wiring Guidelines

DFM-ZBEE / RPT-ZBEE Installation Guide

WNS-Txxxx Installation Guide

ORCAview Technical Reference Manual

Release Notes for related Firmware

Document Edition 2.0

Delta Controls

Cautions or Warnings

This controller is an electrostatic-sensitive device. Proper ESD protection (ground strap) should be used when installing this product so that damage to the product does not occur. Equipment damage or loss of data may occur if these procedures are not followed as specified.

Installations requiring CE conformance: All wiring for CE rated products must use a seperated extra low voltage (SELV) or protective extra low voltage (PELV) transformer. Use safety-isolating transformers, (Class II transformer) per EN61558. The transformer must be rated for 100% duty cycle.

Wireless sensors should not be installed in any critical area or where you require absolute reliability. Wireless communication is sufficiently reliable for most applications. However, it is not 100% predictable due to several variables such as intermittent signal interference from outside sources or weakened battery strength because of battery life.

Danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced. The lithium battery used in the sensor should only be removed or installed by a trained technician. Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Replace the battery with type LS14500.

General Principles of Operation The DFM-ZBEE and the WNS-Txxxx combine the features of the Delta Controls LINKnet architecture with the flexibility of remote wireless sensors providing a two-part solution. The RPT-ZBEE repeater can be used to extend the range between the DFM-ZBEE gateway and the WNS-Txxxx sensors

1. The wired component is an AC-powered gateway (DFM-ZBEE) that is hardwired to a Delta Controls System or Application controller.

2. The wireless components are battery-powered sensors (WNS-Txxxx) that periodically transmit brief data pulses to the gateway on a fixed radio frequency channel. If the optional repeater (RPT-ZBEE) is used, the transmission will pass through the repeater on the way to the gateway.

Device addressing and wireless communications channels are configured directly through on-board DIP switches. Data points are read by creating LINKnet variables in the controller. The gateway serves as the interface between the traditional wired network and the wireless sensors.

The frequency channel used is automatically determined by the gateway on network setup based on signal strength and interference at that time. If there is continued interference on the channel being used, pressing the network reset (associate) button will re-evaluate the best frequency to be used. Cycling the power will not change the channel being used.

The wireless portion of the Delta WNS, RPT-ZGB and DFM-ZBEE system follows the standards as set by IEEE 802.15.4 for low-power wireless devices. Within a building, the maximum range between a sensor and the gateway/repeater or between a repeater and a gateway is 30 meters (100 ft), visual line of site. The distance may be less if the wireless signal must pass through objects that reduce the signal strength such as walls with metal partitions or even large groups of people.

The default transmit period for the sensors is once every 90 seconds. The updates can be adjusted for a faster or slower rate with a maximum of 15 minutes and a minimum of 30 seconds in multiples of 30 seconds.

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Sensor battery life of 5 years is rated on an assumed update interval of once every 90 seconds. Adjusting for a faster update time shortens the overall life of the sensor battery.

In addition to temperature (WNS-TB, WNS-THB) and humidity (WNS-THB only), the sensors send additional information such as the battery condition, and general status information.

Every time the gateway receives a sensor transmission, it acknowledges that transmission, verifies it is correct and makes it available as a Delta LINKnet variable. The gateway then sends additional information such as new configuration parameters back to the sensors if required.

Method for Optimal Wireless Installation Since wireless communications can be affected by environmental factors, consider the following:

location of the devices;

setting of the wireless channels;

testing for consistent and reliable data exchange between the sensors and the gateway.

The following steps outline a methodical approach to a successful installation of the wireless system.

1. Perform a site survey and identify preliminary locations for the gateway and sensors and optionally repeater(s).

2. Install the gateway database into the system/application controller.

Information on installing the database is out of the realm of this application guide. Please refer to the appropriate System or Application controller documentation to get those instructions.

3. Set the LINKnet addresses for the gateway and sensors.

4. Set the PAN ID for the gateway

5. Set the PAN ID in the repeater(s) to match the gateway, if applicable

6. Set the PAN ID in each sensor to match the gateway/repeaters

7. Initialize the gateway wireless channel using the gateway network reset (associate) button.

8. Test the system to assure all sensors are communicating to the gateway.

9. Verify Signal Strength.

10. Final mounting of the gateway and sensors.

11. Retest to ensure values are still updating in Navigator.

1- Perform Site Survey and Device Location Unlike wired equipment, wireless systems present different approaches to site installation and commissioning. If done properly, the results are reliable and long lasting. A sophisticated understanding of radio frequency theory is not required. However, there are several factors to consider for successful wireless communications.

Distance

It is important to stay within the maximum recommended distance ranges. Distances of up to 100 meters (300 feet) are possible when installing devices out-of-doors, provided there is a direct and unobstructed, line of site between devices. However, the majority of applications will be located indoors, and there are additional variables to consider as part of final design and installation.

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A reduced indoor range allows a maximum of 30 meters (100 feet), line of site. This maximum can be further reduced by several factors such as: thick walls, metal-bearing partitions, large crowds of people, other wireless devices or devices that emit high frequency interference (Microwave ovens, for example). In some cases, placing the sensor or gateway a few feet from either side of a planned location can significantly improve or reduces signal performance.

If the sensor RSSI indicator reports inadequate signal strength, a repeater may be required.

Site Survey

A site survey is always recommended prior to final mounting of any wireless devices. This includes experimenting and pre-testing communications between the sensor and gateway and optional repeater(s). Bench testing is a good way to establish basic communications and can help you become familiar with product operation. Mount the sensors permanently after communications are tested.

Gateway/Repeater Location and Signal Strength

The gateway/repeater locations are best identified after noting the placement of each sensor.

Check that the line of site distance between each sensor and the gateway/repeater is within the maximum range.

Check if there are obstructions that may block or reflect the signal. The indoor maximum range is acceptable when passing through 2 plaster walls.

If there are several walls to penetrate or metal obstructions that might block or reflect the signal, device relocation might be required. Concrete, brick or other masonry walls can reduce the signal range by 30 to 40%. Concrete or other masonry structures with internal iron or steel reinforcing support may further reduce the range.

The repeater itself does not indicate signal strength. Signal strength is only indicated at a gateway or sensor. When locating repeaters, a sensor can temporarily be used to determine signal strength where the repeater is to be placed.

3- Set LINKnet Addressing Architecture Delta Controls LINKnet is used for communication between the DFM-ZBEE gateway and the System Controller. Data received by the gateway is mapped in the controller as standard BACnet objects. The total number of devices that can be used depends on the controller model. RPT-ZBEE repeaters do not appear as LINKnet devices and do not count towards these totals. Common controllers and their LINKnet capacities are shown in the following table.

Product Family Model Name Maximum Total Devices

Maximum Devices DFM-ZBEE / DFM

DSM-RTR 0 0

DSC-1616/1616H/1616E 12 2

DSC-1212/1212H/1212E 12 2

DSC-1280/1280H/1280E 12 2

DSC-1180 12 2

DSC-1146 12 2

System Controllers

Application Controllers DAC-1600 4 2

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Product Family Model Name Maximum Total Devices

Maximum Devices DFM-ZBEE / DFM

DAC-606, DAC-633 6 2

DAC-304, DAC-322 4 2

DAC-1180 8 2

DAC-1146 10 2

DVC-304, DVC-322 4 2

DSC/DAC/DNT-T305, DSM-T0/PWR/MOD 4 2

DFC-304R3 4 2

DLC-G1212 12 2

DLC-D312/D624/D936 12 2

For example, the following combinations could be applied using a DSC-1212:

8 WNS, 1 DFM-ZBEE

11 WNS, 1 RTP-ZBEE, 1 DFM-ZBEE

10 WNS, 2 DFM-ZBEE, 0 DFM

8 WNS, 2 DNS-24L (LINKnet BACstat), 1 DFM-ZBEE, 1 DFM

Each gateway or repeater supports up to 8 sensor/repeaters connections. Although the repeaters do not count towards the total number of LINKnet devices, they factor into the total number of connections to one gateway/repeater. For example, using 11 sensors on a DSC-1212 might have 7 sensors plus 1 repeater connected to the single gateway and an additional 4 sensors connected to the repeater

The Delta Controls wireless products follow the standard LINKnet conventions as System and Application controllers. WNS devices are treated as standard LINKnet sensors, and DFM-ZBEE gateways are treated in the same class as DFM devices. Each LINKnet device (including the gateway, wired and wireless sensors) must have a unique LINKnet address. RPT-ZBEE repeaters are not LINKnet devices, they do not require network connections.

Using the LINKnet allows both wired and wireless devices to co-exist on a given LINKnet LAN. There are several possible combinations.

It is not recommended to use a DFM-1616 on the same LINKnet network as a wireless gateway and sensors

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Possible LINKnet Architectures

The LINKnet address serves as the device ID for the LINKnet variables that reside in the controller. Every sensor and gateway must have a unique address. Do this by manually setting the LINKnet address switch on each device. Repeaters do not require a LINKnet address.

Set the LINKnet address prior to system installation and powering on. If the installation is small (one gateway and one or two controllers), the gateway is normally set for address 1, and the sensors for subsequent addresses 2 and upward.

For larger systems with additional LINKnet devices or multiple gateways and or repeaters, layout the address requirements on a diagram, and if future expansion is anticipated, allow gaps for additional later device add-ons.

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5-Setting the Gateway Parameters The LINKnet address serves as the device ID for the LINKnet variables that reside in the System/Application controller. The PAN ID switches establish a common wireless group that bind a single gateway to all the sensors and repeaters that communicate with it. The PAN ID of each sensor and repeater must be identical to the gateway to which it communicates. The transceiver frequency that the gateway, sensors and repeaters use to communicate is automatically determined by the gateway.

The Gateway should always be commissioned first, prior to powering up any repeaters or sensors. The gateway determines the wireless frequency channel to be used. Any repeaters and sensors that are associated with the gateway will then inherit the same channel.

Within each group of sensors and their parent gateway, the PAN ID must be identical. These switches must be manually set on the gateway, sensors and repeater(s) if present.

The Channel ID DIP switches are not used. The gateway will automatically set the best frequency channel when the network reset (associate) button is pressed or the PAN ID is changed.

Once the LINKnet address is selected, the next task is to set the PAN ID (for “Personal Area Network Identifier”). The PAN ID defines a unique group of sensors and optional repeaters with their gateway. All devices with the same PAN ID will communicate at the same frequency automatically determined by the gateway. There are 8 switches that set the PAN ID allowing for valid numbers 0 to 255. Once a PAN identifier is selected, that same ID must be used on a particular gateway and all its associated sensors.

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A newly shipped gateway will have the PAN ID switches set at zero. A PAN ID zero is a legitimate value to use. A new PAN ID need only be assigned if there are multiple gateways on the same site. Then each gateway and associated sensors/repeaters should have a different PAN ID.

Before mounting the DFM-ZBEE, a site-survey is recommended. This is especially important when there are large numbers of controllers or multiple gateways. Pre-planning helps to determine that the final location of the sensors and the gateway provide optimum communication.

6- Setting the Sensor Wireless Identifiers The PAN ID DIP switches establishes the common wireless group that bind a gateway to all the sensors and repeaters that communicate with it. Change the PAN ID to a unique value if there are multiple gateways on a site.

When configuring the PAN ID of a sensor or repeater, physically set the DIP switches to the same value as the gateway. For example, if the gateway has been configured for a PAN ID of 10, all the sensor and repeater DIP switch settings should match.

Sensors are controlled between OFF and ON, by selecting the appropriate position for the battery power jumper. When placing a new battery into the sensor, be sure that the jumper is in the OFF position. Only activate the battery when the sensor is being powered for test or final location. If the sensor is not in use, disable the battery jumper

7-Signal Strength Indication To assist in determining the best location, for all devices, Delta includes the ability to read the received signal strength indication (RSSI) for both the sensors and the gateway. The RPT-ZBEE repeater does not indicate received signal strength, however a sensor or gateway that connects through the repeater will show the signal strength received from that repeater.

On the sensor, there is a test pushbutton and five LED indicators as seen in the following graphic. Briefly press and hold the button down to indicate the following:

The red LED to the far left indicates the battery condition.

The next four LEDs show relative signal strength as follows:

1st LED (Red): Signal is very weak and communications is unreliable

2nd LED (Green): Signal is questionable, some data transfers could be lost

3rd LED (Green): Signal is sufficient for good data transfers

4th LED (Green): Signal is strong and communication is reliable

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LED Function Description

Battery

Status

Indicates battery condition If this red LED lights when the RSSI button is pushed, the battery condition is OK.

RSSI The Received Strength Signal Indicator (RSSI)

Four LED’s indicate the quality of an RSSI test between sensor and gateway. Each LED step is as follows:

1st LED lights [red] = weak signal, unreliable

2nd LEDs lights [green] = poor signal, questionable reliability

3rd LED lights [green] = moderate signal, communications OK

4th LED lights [green] = strong signal, reliable communications

Associate Indicates success or failure of associate function

When the Associate button is pressed, a single short flash of the green LED indicates that associate was successful.

There is a similar set of LEDs on the gateway. As the gateway polls each sensor it registers the response on the LEDs. Any indication of 3 or above is considered a reliable signal. Two or less and the signal strength should be considered unreliable.

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Step Guide to Commissioning and Performance Tuning Gateway Power-up Sequence Task Steps to be taken

a. Load the database into the controller.

1 System/Application Controller Configuration

b. Ensure that the appropriate database variables are configured in the controller according to the device type and the associated LINKnet address.

2 Initial Starting Point Ensure the gateway is powered off.

3 Termination: Set Jumpers Set the Termination jumper according to LINKnet wiring standards.

4 Configure LINKnet Address Set the gateway LINKnet address DIP switch.

5 Set gateway PAN ID Set the PAN ID to the value that will be shared by all sensors and repeaters.

a. Power On the controller 6 Power On the devices

b. Power On the gateway

7 Initialize channel frequency Press the network reset (associate) button on the gateway to configure the optimal channel the gateway will communicate on.

a. Verify that the LINKnet object for every device is present.

8 Verify Operation b. Verify communications. Confirm the LINKnet variables are updating and that the Status value (AV X+1) is correct. See the LINKnet Variables [From the Gateway] table for correct values.

While this gateway is powered On, proceed to commission the next gateway. 9

Power-up additional gateways

Repeat steps 1 through 6 until all gateways are on line.

LINKnet and PAN ID switches are read on power-up. When changing any of these values, the gateway power must be switched OFF and then ON before the new values are read. Alternately, it is possible to reset the gateway by setting AV X+2 to a value of 7 to force a commsanded software reset.

Note: If you set AV X+2 to a value of 7 forcing a Command Reset, set AV X+2 back to 0 after writing the command. This prevents the command from being continually resent, which would cause a continual reset of the gateway

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Associate Sensor to Gateway Any Sensors that will communicate directly to the Gateway can be now be powered on.

Sequence Task Steps to be taken

1 Initial Starting Point Verify that that battery jumper pin is set to OFF. Install the special 3.6-volt battery. Making sure that the polarity is correct.

2 Configure LINKnet Address Set the LINKnet address DIP switch.

3 Set the PAN identifier Set the PAN ID switch to the identical number used by the group gateway.

4 Power-up Move the battery jumper pin to the ON position.

If the thermostat has already been associated with the Gateway, the Associate LED will flash briefly to indicate the thermostat correctly associates with the gateway, otherwise move on to step 5

5 Associate Sensor with Gateway

a. Press the Network Reset button on the upper right corner of the sensor to associate the sensor to the gateway

b. The Associate LED will flash briefly to indicate the thermostat correctly associates with the gateway

c. Verify that there is now data returning to the gateway by checking that the associated LNK object exists and has value Online in the system controller database.

d. Verify through the Network Address (AV X+30) that the sensor has associated with the gateway.

An address that has the integer part 0, such as 0.2, will indicate the sensor has associated with the gateway. The fractional part, 2 in this example, does not correspond to the LINKnet address. As each sensor is added to the gateway, that sensors address will increment in the fractional part. For example the next sensor added will be addressed 0.3

Associate Repeaters to Gateway Any repeaters that will communicate directly to the Gateway can be now be powered on. The repeater must be powered on after the Gateway to ensure it will communicate on the same frequency channel.


1 Set the PAN identifiers Set the PAN ID switch to identical number used by the group gateway.

2 Power-up a. Attach 24 VAC power to the repeater

b. The status LED of the repeater is used to indicate power.

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The repeater does not show any information in the system controller database. The repeater is not an active member of the network, it simply passes on the data from it’s associated sensors to the gateway

Associate Sensor to Repeater Any Sensors that will communicate directly to the Gateway through the Repeater can now be powered on.


1 Initial Starting Point Verify that that battery jumper pin is set to OFF. Install the special 3.6-volt battery. Making sure that the polarity is correct.

2 Configure LINKnet Address Set the LINKnet address DIP switch.

3 Set the PAN identifier Set the PAN ID switch to the identical number used by the group gateway and repeater.

4 Power-up a. Move the battery jumper pin to the ON position. The Associate LED will flash briefly when the thermostat correctly associates with the repeater.

b. Verify that there is now data returning to the gateway by checking that the associated LNK object exists and has value Online in the system controller database.

c. Verify the Network Address (AV X+30) shows that the sensor has associated with the repeater.

In general, an address has its integer part in the 1000’s, such as 2200.6, will indicate the sensor (ie 6) has associated with a repeater (ie 2200). The fractional part, 6 in this example, does not correspond to the LINKnet address. As each sensor is added to the gateway, that sensors address will increment in the fractional part. For example the next sensor added will be addressed 2200.7

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Gateway and Sensor Diagnostic Checks Desired Check or Action Steps to be taken

Check the Received Signal Strength a. At the Sensor: Briefly press and hold the RSSI button. Observe the 4 RSSI LEDs to the right of the Battery Indicator. The signal strength will display as follows:

1st LED (Red): Signal is very weak and communications is unreliable

2nd LED (Green): Signal is questionable, some data transfers could be lost

3rd LED (Green): Signal is sufficient for good data transfers

4th LED (Green): Signal is strong and communication is reliable

b. At the Gateway: Wait for the update timer to expire and check the LED readout.

Check Sensor Battery Condition

a. Be sure the correct type of battery is installed and the battery polarity is correct. Be sure the battery jumper pin has been moved from OFF to ON.

b. At the Sensor: Press the Battery-RSSI test button. If the leftmost RED LED lights, the sensor battery is good.

c. At the Gateway: After the gateway receives a transmission from the sensor, observe the AV X+5 value for that sensor (where X is the LINKnet address of the Gateway x 100). If the value is below approximately 2.8V, the battery needs replacement. A new battery should show approximately 3.4V

Check the Reset Counter For the Gateway: Indicates the number of times the gateway has been reset. The value of AV X+5 is the reset count.

Note: the sensor must be configured to the same PAN ID as the gateway in order to correctly communicate the RSSI value.

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Troubleshooting

Symptom Possible Problems / Checks

LINKnet sensor variables show fault even though sensor associate shows success

a. LINKnet address is incorrect on the sensor.

b. LINKnet not enabled on the current DAC/DSC port.

c. Sensor broken or other malfunctions in the WNS.

d. Over the limit of supported number of LINKnet devices.

e. Sensor may have a duplicate address

Gateway Device status LED is red or alternates between Green and Red

a. At least one sensor has failed to communicate with the gateway even after several retries.

b. Review the number of on-line LINKnet devices to determine which sensor or sensors are off-line.

c. Check the battery level of the off-line sensor(s).

d. Check the signal strength of the off-line sensor(s) to see if it is marginal and may need to be relocated.

WNS fails to associate with the gateway/repeater

The signal between the WNS and the gateway/repeater is out of range or has reduced range due to some type of interference.

Gateway fails to receive updates from the sensor.

Poor range, obstruction or interference problems. Do an RSSI test at the sensor and verify signal strength at the gateway.

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Database

LINKnet Variables [From the Gateway] LINKnet Variable

Variable Instance

Description Default Value

Unit Read / Write

Range

1X +1 Status 1.0 None Read 1.0 –Operational 2.0 –Duplicate Address 3.0 –Xbee Module Fault

X+2 Command 0.0 None Write 1.0 – Reset gateway 2.0 – Radio Network Reset 9.1 – Xbee Module Reset

X+5 Reset Counter 1.0 None Read 0 to 21,474,800 Shows number of device resets

X+30 ZigBee Network Address

0.0 None Read 0 to 6553.5

X+31 2Channel ID 0.0 None Read 12 to 23

Analog Variable

X+32 Pan ID 0.0 None Read 0 - 255 1The stand-in variable X, identifies each DFM-ZBEE device (1 to 12) x 100. 2The Channel ID is set automatically when the Network Reset (Associate) button is pressed on the Gateway or the Radio Network Reset command is performed

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LINKnet Variables [Sensor Data] LINKnet Variable

Variable Instance

Description Default Value

Unit Read / Write

Range

1X+1 WNS_X Temperature

n/a C or F Read Analog Input

X+3 WNS_X Humidity n/a % RH Read 0 - 100

X+1 Status 1.0 None Read 0.0 –Uninitialized 1.0 –Operational 2.0 –Duplicate Address 3.0 –Xbee Module Fault

X+3 Last Update Timer 0 Seconds Read 0 t- (3x(Sleep Time) +5)

X+5 Battery Supply Voltage

2 3.4 Volts Read 0 - 65535

Analog Variable

X+30 ZigBee Network Address

None Read 0 – 6553.5

X+31 Sleep Time3 90 Seconds Read 30 – 900 (multiple of 30)

X+32 Manual Sleep Time

0 Seconds Write 30 – 900 (multiple of 30)

1The stand-in variable X, identifies each WNS device (1 to 12) x 100.

2New Battery Voltage

3Sleep Time (X+31) is a read only value of what is currently set, Manual Sleep Time (X+32) is used to change the Sleep Time

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