Wine prehistory
Transcript of Wine prehistory
Prehistory of Wine
Before Birth of Human race ~ Roman Age
Written by Sunny Park
WSC5.05 Introduction to Wine Business
Intro..Definition of prehistory - Before history which had written as
records
Prehistory of wine - Record of grape and wine has been left
as not only literature but also illustrations since Egyptian
Age.
Common in Sense of Ancient Wine – Wine during B.C (Before
Christ).
Therefore, wine prehistory can include history of Georgian to
Roman wine.
Once Upon a time long ago..Grape had been
existed since 6 million years ago
First human race was born 2 million years ago
First contact was taken 4 million years later after birth of grape
Grapes felled down automatically when they were ripenSome locations where were sunken made grape ponds.
First drink – The man inspired by addictive flavours
Wine might have lead the man to Agrarian Society
Insignificant relationship between man and wine at first time, but getting more and more
important.
Derivation of Viticulture & VinicultureViti + culture= grape + cultiva-
tion= grapegrowing= viticultureThe method which
can plant grape and take care them for making wine
Vini + culture= wine + cultivation= winemakingThe method which
use grape from vine-yard to make wine
Georgian Wine
Fertile foothill on South of Mountain
Caucasus
Georgian Map from Wiki map
Georgia Kingdom - First country of winemaking and viticulture, and one of the oldest wine regions. Around 6000 B.C.
Location - Between two great rivers, Euphrates and Tigris. South of the Mountain Caucasus. Ease to transport to other places and Persian gulf near Egypt.
Climate - Long subtropical summer which is meant arid, soften air, mild fog and hot afternoon
Grapevines - Grown everywhere on the hillsWinemaking – Near grapevines
Noah’s WineNoah’s Hypothesis-
Winemaking and Grapegrowing on his vineyard before Flood
Ninth chapter of genesis tells how wine has been stored in the Ark’s cargo
Egyptian WineFirst writers with painting
about viticulture and oenology
Warehouse of legacies “Tombs” – According to paintings, wine was treated as important technology.
Grape was harvested when it were fully ripen and honey-sweet
Wine was run from the press into the fermenting jars, another called Amphora
Tutankhamun’s Tomb36 jars – Varieties, year,
vineyard, owner, and head vintner on the lable
Example belowDate HAt sp 5 Year 5 Classification + irp nDm n Sweet wine of
Institution pr itn n qArt the Estate of Aton of qArt
Responsible official
Hry kAmw ra-ms Vineyard Supervisor Ramose
Tut 12 (12, Černý 1965: 22)
Greek & Roman Wine Transportation - From
Mesophotamia to Greek and Roman
Greek countries – Importor
The first golden age of wine – Greek consumed a lot of wine not only quantitative but also qualitative
Wine was not just beverage, it was always accompanied with poet, harmony and discussion between philosophers
Symposium & Krater At the moment, people
diluted wine into “Krater” which was big pot, about 1,000L quantity (Wonbok, 2006) with water before drank.
Symposium which is derieved from Greek συμπόσιον symposion, from συμπίνειν sympinein, which means “to drink together”.
Dilution fact - Many philosophers discussed and communicated with wine all night long, which means that it would be impossible unless wine was diluted.
Roman EmpireDistribution – Roman wine
merchantsHigher demand of wine –
Merchant spread across Roman Empire from Italy to Spain and North Africa
In order to regular production – Calculation cheaper labour Slave
Roman – Main consumerPort Pompeii - Important
commercial city until eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, and left a lot of detailed evidence
Flow of WineWine flow
from Mesophotamia to Modern Europe countries
From 4 to 6 – Roman Empire spread
General Type of Ancient WineType Detail
Mustum A low quality grape juice, mixed with vinegar and drank fresh after pressing.
Mulsum A common class wine, generally sweetened with honey and served to plebes and the lower classes at public events.
Lora (vinumoperarium)
A bitter wine made from the grape skin husks, seeds and any other product left over from the pressing process. Fermented by soaking in water, it was generally served to slaves, though some lower classes, and even soldiers may have had access to wines that were hardly any better. Varro, however claimed that it was the drink of old women. Today these excess grape products are used in distilling the liquor grappa.
PoscaA sour vinegar like wine (acetum) mixed with water to reduce the bitterness and generally available to soldiers and lower classes.
VinumpraeliganeumManufactured from inferior and half-ripe fruit gathered before the regular harvest period. Perhaps also used in the production of ciders and similar drinks
VinumdulceA sweet wholesome wine, made from dried grapes that were pressed in the heat of the day.
VinumdiachytumSimilar to vinumdulce but grapes were allowed to dry in the sun for longer periods of time. The wine was described as more 'luscious' than the vinumdulce
PassumRaisin wine. Obviously made from nearly completely dried grapes. It's most prized variety was imported from crete
Vinummarrubii, scillites, absinthiates, myrtites
Example of wines used for medicinal purposes. Marrubii for coughs, scillites for digestion and as a tonic, absinthiates roughly corresponding to modern vermouth and myrtites as a general medicine aiding many ailments
Development of AmphoraFirstly, jar neck had
become narrower and narrower for appropriate closure with olive oil or resin.
Secondly, the vase has an elongated shape, with a pointed base, which could be deposited wine sediments easily at the bottom
Conclusion Prehistory of Wine – Veiled despite evidences, such as painting
in cave and tomb, and written by writer since Egyptian Age.
Ancient wine technology - Even modern wineries and vineyards
are derived from ancient age. To be sum up, prehistory about
wine has been described, and expression a sentence of wine
history would be intimately associated to human culture from
Euphrates and Tigris Culture through Egyptian to Roman.
References Hugh Johnson, (2006). Hugh Johnson's TheStory of Wine. London. Mitchell Beazley
Hugh Johnson, Jancis Robinson, (2007). World Atlas of Wine(6thed). London. Mitchell
Beazley
Jancis Robinson, (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine(3rded). London. Oxford University
Press
Mcgovern, P.E. (2003). Ancient wine: the Search for the Origins of Viniculture. Princeton
University Press: New Jersey
Wonbok Rhie, (2007). World of Wine, Wine of World. Seoul, Korea. Gimmyoungsa
Georgian Wine, (2013). Retrieved from http
://www.wine-searcher.com/regions-georgian+republic
Eva-Lena Wahlberg, (2012). The Wine Jars speak; Text Study. Uppsala, Sweden. Uppsala
University.
Maria Rosaria Belgiorno, (2009). Cinyra, Cyprus and the notes of music, of Wine and
Perfumes. Retrieved from www.erimiwine.net
Types of Ancient Wine, (n.d). Retrieved from
http://www.unrv.com/economy/wine-chart.php
Beginning of Viticulture, (n.d). Retrieved from
http://www.vinetowinecircle.com/en/history/beginnings-of-viticulture/
James Owen, (January 10, 2011). Earliest Known Winery found in Armenian Cave.
National Geographic News. Retrieved from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news
Roman Empire. Retrieved from
http://ministry127.com/free-resources/powerpoint/roman-empire
See Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tutankhamun%27s_Alabaster_Jar.jpg
See Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symposium