WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PROJECT€¦ · 12/07/2011 · WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PROJECT • ESSENTIAL...
17
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PROJECT • ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How can Energy be transformed into useful forms? We will look at different types of energy and how they are related, how energy can be changed from one form into other forms, and we will look at energy “losses” and efficiency. Friday, June 17, 2011
Transcript of WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PROJECT€¦ · 12/07/2011 · WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PROJECT • ESSENTIAL...
WIND TURBINE GENERATOR PROJECT
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How can Energy be transformed into useful forms?
We will look at different types of energy and how they are related, how energy can be changed from one form into other forms, and we will look at energy “losses” and efficiency.
Friday, June 17, 2011
Learning Goals
• Energy can be converted• Energy can be measured• Where do “losses” go?• Efficiency• The role of energy conversion in our society• Testing of options, using scientific method• Mapping the performance of your generator• Communication of results
Friday, June 17, 2011
Early Windmills
• These are used to power sawmills
Friday, June 17, 2011
Waterwheel, 1900, Yorkshire
Friday, June 17, 2011
This is the inside of a 50 footdiameter waterwheel in Wales
5
Friday, June 17, 2011
6
Friday, June 17, 2011
Midwestern Waterpump
Friday, June 17, 2011
Wind Turbine Generator
Friday, June 17, 2011
US Energy Information Administration
In the US, 50% of our Electricity is generatedby burning coal, to boil water, to make steam,to turn a turbine, to turn a generator, togenerate electricity.
Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Nuclearsupply the majority of the remaining Electricity
Friday, June 17, 2011
Efficiencies of Generating Electricity
Coal: 32.8% Petroleum: 31.0%Natural Gas: 41.1% Nuclear: 32.6%
Friday, June 17, 2011
Where Do Losses Go?
Burning of Fuel: lost heat in exhaustBoiling Water: lost heat from boilerSteam Turbine: condensation of steamAll Turbines: mechanical friction, bearing heatvibrations, noise, exhaustGenerators: electric field losses, friction, heat,vibrations, noise
Friday, June 17, 2011
Distribution of ElectricityNational Power Grid connects all Electricity Generators to allElectricity consumers
The wire in the Powerlines is copper. Copper has a small resistance to the flow of electricity.
This resistance causes a 6.5% average loss
Friday, June 17, 2011
Maine Statistics
Maine ranks 13th in the US onelectricity usage per person.
Maine ranks 9th in the US on theaverage cost per KWH
Friday, June 17, 2011
Overall Efficiency
14
Generating Electricity: 32%Distribution Loss: 6.5%
At your house: (32% * 93.5%): 30%
Typical <4HP Motor: 75%
Useful Work (30% * 75%): 22.5%
In other words, we waste 4 times as much energy as we use!
Friday, June 17, 2011
Your Performance MapsPower vs Speed
0.000
0.050
0.100
0.150
0.200
0.250
0.300
0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Tip Speed in m/s
Po
wer
in W
att
s
Fan Speed 3
Fan Speed 2
Fan Speed 1
Your turbines were about 10% Efficient whengenerating then using electricity.
19th century waterwheels were 90% efficient!
Friday, June 17, 2011
Your GenerationWhat would change if electricity was generated locally?What would change if factories could use direct drive power from waterwheels?What would change if we burned less coal and crude oil?
Are you part of the problem or part of the solution? 16
Friday, June 17, 2011
Wind Turbine Generator
Friday, June 17, 2011
