Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy...

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Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director, Climate Science Program Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011 WESEP REU Short Course Iowa State University Spring 2011

Transcript of Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy...

Page 1: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Wind Science 101:I. Overview of Wind Patterns

Eugene S. TakleProfessor

Department of AgronomyDepartment of Geological and Atmospheric Science

Director, Climate Science ProgramIowa State University

Ames, IA 50011

WESEP REU Short CourseIowa State University

Spring 2011

Page 2: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Outline Global scale 3-D global circulation patterns and wind energy Surface and upper-air tropical and mid-latitude weather systems,

including prevailing westerlies Mesoscale Great Plains Low-Level Jet and nocturnal LLJs Sea-breeze Monsoon circulation Off-shore resources US wind resource maps Forecasting wind resources Atmospheric boundary layer Structure and diurnal/seasonal evolution Impact of static and dynamic stability on horizontal wind speeds

and vertical profiles Turbulent flows and interactive wakes

Page 3: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 4: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 5: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 6: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/gen_circ/index.html

Page 7: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Not to scale!

Mean radius of the earth:

6371 kmHeight of the troposphere:

0-7 km at poles20 km at Equator

90% of atmosphere is in the lowest 15 miles (24 km)99% in lowest 30 miles (48 km)

Non-rotating Earth heated at its Equator

Page 8: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 9: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 10: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 11: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Global Precipitation Patterns

Page 12: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 13: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 14: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

To bring air from outside an airplane flying at 35,000 ft into the cabin, the compression to sea-level pressure would raise the air temperature to 430oC or 806oF

Page 15: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 16: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

NOAA NCEP-NCAR CDAS-1 MONTHLY 300 mb [ u , v ] climatology

January

Wind speed at 12 km

Page 17: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

NOAA NCEP-NCAR CDAS-1 MONTHLY 300 mb [ u , v ] climatology

July

http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/gen_circ/300mbWinds.html

Wind speed at 12 km

Page 18: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

NOAA NCEP-NCAR CDAS-1 MONTHLY Diagnostic above_ground [ u , v ] climatology (m/s)

January

http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/gen_circ/300mbWinds.html

Wind speed near surface

Page 19: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

NOAA NCEP-NCAR CDAS-1 MONTHLY Diagnostic above_ground [ u , v ] climatology (m/s)

July

http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/gen_circ/300mbWinds.html

Wind speed near surface

Page 20: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

NOAA NCEP-NCAR CDAS-1 DAILY300 mb height (m) and winds (m/s)1 Apr 1997

http://eesc.columbia.edu/courses/ees/climate/lectures/gen_circ/300mbWinds.html

Page 21: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Continental and Regional influences Continental scale circulation, jet streams

Great Plains Low-Level Jet

Coastal Jets

Sea breezes

Mountain-valley flows

Mountain compression of stream lines

Monsoons

Off-shore wind

Page 22: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 23: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 24: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 25: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 26: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Mechanism of the Nocturnal Low-Level Jet:

Great Plains Low-Level Jet (GPLLJ)Nocturnal Low-Level Jet (LLJ)

Coastal Jet (CJ)

Page 27: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Mechanism of the Nocturnal Low-Level Jet:

Great Plains Low-Level Jet (GPLLJ)Nocturnal Low-Level Jet (LLJ)

Coastal Jet (CJ)

Page 28: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLPressure Gradient

Page 29: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLPressure Gradient

Fc

Fp

Fc = -2ΩxV

Coriolis Force

Page 30: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLPressure Gradient

Fc

Fp

Page 31: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLFp Fc

Vg

Geostrophic Balance

Page 32: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLFp

Fc

V

FfFrictional Force

Ff = -CdvV

Page 33: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLFp

Fc

V

At night, friction is eliminated, flow is accelerated, V increases

Page 34: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLFp

Fc

V

Coriolis force increase, wind vector rotates and speed continues to increase

Page 35: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLFp

Fc

V

Vg

Wind vector rotates and speed continues to increase and exceeds geostrophic wind

Page 36: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Rocky Mountains

Missouri River

High Temp Low TempLow Press High Press

Page 37: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Simulation of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet. Adam Deppe thesis, Iowa State University, 2010

Page 38: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Mechanism of the Nocturnal Low-Level Jet:

Great Plains Low-Level Jet (GPLLJ)Nocturnal Low-Level Jet (LLJ)

Coastal Jet (CJ)

Page 39: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

High Temp Low Temp

Low Press High Press

Page 40: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Hei

ght a

bove

gro

und

Horizontal wind speed

Nocturnal Jet Maximum (~200 m above ground)

Page 41: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Mechanism of the Nocturnal Low-Level Jet:

Great Plains Low-Level Jet (GPLLJ)Nocturnal Low-Level Jet (LLJ)

Coastal Jet (CJ)

Page 42: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

High Temp Low Temp

Low Press High Press

Page 43: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Coastal Mountains

High Temp Low Temp

Low Press High Press

Page 44: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

HLFp

Fc

V

FfFrictional Force

Ff = -CdvV

Mountains producean additional pressure force

Page 45: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Take Home MessagesWinds are created by horizontal temperature

difference (which create density differences and hence pressure difference)

Rotation of the Earth creates bands of high winds (prevailing westerlies) at mid-latitudes

Interactions with the day-night heating and cooling of

the earth’s surface create changes in the vertical structure of the horizontal wind

Orographic feature (coastal regions, mountains, etc) create local circulations that enhance or decrease wind speeds

Page 46: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Wind Science 101:Part II

Eugene S. TakleProfessor

Department of AgronomyDepartment of Geological and Atmospheric Science

Director, Climate Science ProgramIowa State University

Ames, IA 50011

Honors Wind SeminarIowa State University

Spring 2011

Page 47: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Continental and Regional influences Continental scale circulation, jet streams

Great Plains Low-Level Jet

Coastal Jets

Sea breezes

Mountain-valley flows

Mountain compression of stream lines

Monsoons

Off-shore wind

Page 48: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

H

Page 49: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 50: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

100 km

Page 51: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 52: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Musial, W., and B. Ram, 2010: Large-scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States. Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers. NREL/TP-500-40745. 240 pp. [Available online at http://www.osti.gov/bridge]

Page 53: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 54: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Musial, W., and B. Ram, 2010: Large-scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States. Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers. NREL/TP-500-40745. 240 pp. [Available online at http://www.osti.gov/bridge]

Page 55: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Musial, W., and B. Ram, 2010: Large-scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States. Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers. NREL/TP-500-40745. 240 pp. [Available online at http://www.osti.gov/bridge]

Page 56: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Musial, W., and B. Ram, 2010: Large-scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States. Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers. NREL/TP-500-40745. 240 pp. [Available online at http://www.osti.gov/bridge]

Page 57: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Musial, W., and B. Ram, 2010: Large-scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States. Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers. NREL/TP-500-40745. 240 pp. [Available online at http://www.osti.gov/bridge]

Page 58: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 59: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 60: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 61: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 62: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 63: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 64: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 65: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Takle, E. S., 1975: Wind and Wind Energy in Iowa. Report to the Iowa Energy Council. 99 pp.

Page 66: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 67: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Hei

ght (

z)

Windspeed

Power Law

Logarithmic Dependence

U* = friction velocityk = von Karman’s constant (0.40)zo= roughness length

Page 68: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

Num

ber o

f Occ

urre

nces

Winspeed (m/s)

2 10864 12 14 16 18 20 22

Page 69: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,
Page 70: Wind Science 101: I. Overview of Wind Patterns Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director,

103.23.150.139103.23.150.139/Site/Upload/Pdf/Takle.pdf · 2019. 1. 10. · 10-IEMANT TAKLE son of PRABHAKAR WAMAN TAKLE aged 67 years, resident of 1363, M - I -"Mangal" Green View

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13.6 Wind and Ocean Currents Science 10 Wind Wind Patterns.

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Brief Bio Eugene S. Takle Agronomy at Iowa State University. · Agronomy at Iowa State University. Professor Takle was a founding member of the multi-institutional team that has produced

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Earth Science 19.2 Pressure Centers and Wind Pressure Centers and Wind.

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Wind Turbine Wake Investigation from Surface Measurements during the 2010 and 2011 Crop Wind-energy EXperiments (CWEX-10/11) D. A. Rajewski 1 E S Takle.

Image courtesy of NASA/GSFC. Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director, Climate Science.

Image courtesy of NASA/GSFC. Eugene S. Takle Professor Department of Agronomy Department of Geological and Atmospheric Science Director, Climate Science.