Wind power role in india aitam ppt final

TOPIC:ROLE OF WIND POWER FOR POWER NEEDS IN INDIA

SELF STUDY COURSE-1

(An Autonomous institute)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

What Makes Wind


SOURCES OF WIND

Wind is air in motion.

Is the result of the conversion of the potential energy of the atmosphere into kinetic energy due to pressure differential.

Most prominent feature of climatology in INDIA is the monsoon circulation.

Kinetic energy of the wind is about 0.7*10^21 joules

Sites having wind power density greater than 200 W/m2 at 50 m height


5000 BC

Sailboats used on

the Nile indicate

the power of wind

500-900 AD

First windmills

developed in

Persia

1300 AD

First horizontal-

axis

windmills in

Europe

1850s

Daniel Halladay and

John Burnham build

Halladay Windmill;

start US Wind

Engine Company

Late 1880s

Thomas O. Perry

conducted 5,000

wind experiments;

starts AermotorCompany

1888

Charles F. Brush

used windmill to

generate electricity

in Cleveland, OH

Early 1900s

Windmills in CA

pumped saltwater

to evaporate ponds

1941

In VT, Grandpa’s

Knob turbine

supplies power to

town during WWII

1979

First wind turbine

rated over 1 MW

began operating

1985

CA wind capacity

exceeded 1,000 MW

1993

US WindPower developed

first commercial variable-

speed wind turbine

2004

Electricity from

wind generation

costs 3 to 4.5 cents

per kWh

2011

Wind power provided

over 12% of renewable

energy used in US

History of Wind Energy


Wind Power

PT = CP 1/2 AV V2

PT wind powerCP power coefficient or efficiency air densityA swept area of wind turbineV wind speed


Why Wind Energy?

o Clean, zero emissions- NOx, SO2, CO, CO2

- Air quality, water quality

- Climate change

o Reduce fossil fuel dependence- Energy independence

- Domestic energy—national security

o Renewable- No fuel-price volatility


Renewable Electric Capacity Worldwide


China Leads the World in Wind Capacity

Top 5 Countries for 2013New Installed Capacity1. China2. Germany3. United Kingdom4. India5. Canada

Total Installed Generating Capacity (MW)


Turbine Evolution

Used for

• Pumping water

• Grinding grain

Mainly used for

• Generating Electricity


State-wise Wind Power Installed Capacity

StateGross Potential (MW) Total Capacity (MW) till

31.03.2010

Andhra Pradesh 8968 136

Gujarat 10,645 1864

Karnataka 11,531 1473

Kerala 1171 28

Madhya Pradesh 1019 229

Maharashtra 4584 2078

Orissa 255 -

Rajasthan 4858 1088

Tamil Nadu 5530 4907

Others 4

Total

(All India)48,561 11807


Modern Wind TurbinesTurbines can be categorized into two classes based on the orientation of the rotor.


Vertical-Axis Turbines

Advantageso Omni-directional

- accepts wind from any direction

o Components can be mounted at ground level

- ease of service

- lighter weight towers

o Can theoretically use less materials to capture the same amount of wind

Disadvantageso Rotors generally near ground

where wind is poorer

o Centrifugal force stresses blades

o Poor self-starting capabilities

o Requires support at top of turbine rotor

o Requires entire rotor to be removed to replace bearings

o Overall poor performance and reliability


Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines

Small (<10 kW)oHomes

oFarms

oRemote Applications

(e.g., water pumping,

Telecom sites, ice

making)

Large (250 kW-2+ MW)oCentral Station Wind Farms

oDistributed Power

oSchools

Intermediate(10-250 kW)oVillage Power

oHybrid Systems

oDistributed Power


Large Wind Turbines

Common Utility-Scale Turbines

o 328’ base to blade

o Each blade is 112’

o 200 tons total

o Foundation 20’ deep

o Rated at 1.5-2 megawatts

o Supply about 500 homes


Wind Turbine Components


Wind Turbine Perspective

Nacelle56 tons

Tower3 sections

Workers Blade112’ long


Wind Farms


Potential Impacts and Issues

Property Values

Noise

Visual Impact

Land Use

Wildlife Impact

Properly siting a wind turbine can mitigate many of these issues.


Impacts of Wind Power: Noise


Wildlife Impacts


Need of the Hour

1National Plan

A nationwide wind monitoring campaign is to be started at the earliest to have clear picture of wind resource potential of India.

Other alternative is to seek advanced methods of assessment by International Agencies for drawing wind atlas of the country


Need of the Hour

Off-Shore

•Higher in Indian context and needs to be quantified with advanced techniques at

•Bay of Bengal

•Arabian sea

•around Andamans and Nicobar Ilands, and

•Lakshadeep etc. for wind atlas of the off-shore areas

WMS of 50 metre height and above in

• Himalayan region

• J&K

• Himachal Pradesh

• Laddak

• Thar Desert and

• Aravalis in particular &

• other inland areas in generalDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

Need of the Hour

2Off-Shore

It needs to be quantified the wind energy potential with advanced techniques at several place around the shore line

3National Policy

Efforts at national level for indigenous development of commercial wind turbines is to be initiated.


Need of the Hour

4Massive Efforts

Training the man power for inland and off-shore wind farms, use of latest software and efforts for developing Indian version of wind analysis, simulation and modeling software and wind farm design software

5Education

M.Tech level course on Wind Energy can be started in few Institutes


Need of the Hour

6Re-Powering

Replacing older, less efficient wind turbines with a smaller number of more powerful recent models

7Targets for Renewable Energy

To develop the necessary regulatory frameworks to expand renewables, including financial frameworks, grid access regulation, planning and administrative procedures.


Need of the Hour

8Specific Policy Mechanism

The market for generated power needs to be clearly defined in national laws, including stable long term fiscal measures that minimize investor’s risk and ensure an adequate returns on investment.

9Electricity Market ReformsRemoval of barriers to market entry, removing subsidies to

fossil fuels and nuclear and the social and environmental costs of polluting energy


CONCLUSION

Wind power is emerging as an environment

friendly alternative to meet the ever

increasing world demand for electricity, at an

affordable price.


Wind power role in india aitam ppt final

Engineering

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