Wind in power - European Wind Energy Association
Transcript of Wind in power - European Wind Energy Association
1The european Wind energy associaTion
Wind in power2011 European statistics
February 2012
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Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics
The european Wind energy associaTion
ContentsExecutive summary .............................................................................. 3
Wind map 2011 ................................................................................... 4
2011 annual installations ...................................................................... 5 Wind power capacity installations ................................................. 5 Power capacity installations ......................................................... 6 Renewable power capacity installations ........................................ 7
Trends & cumulative installations ........................................................... 7 Renewable power installations ..................................................... 7 Net changes in EU installed capacity 2000-2011 .......................... 8 Total installed power capacity ....................................................... 8
A closer look at wind power installations ................................................ 9 Annual wind power installations ................................................... 9 National breakdown of wind power installations ............................. 9 Onshore and offshore annual markets .......................................... 10 Cumulative wind power installations ............................................. 10 Estimated wind energy production ................................................ 11
ContributorsJustin Wilkes (Policy Director, EWEA)Jacopo Moccia (Head of Policy Analysis, EWEA)Mihaela Dragan (Research officer, EWEA)
Data sourcesBentek Energy PowerVision (formerly Platts), January 2012EWEA, wind energy and ocean energy dataEPIA, solar PV dataESTELA, CSP dataEU-OEA, Ocean energy dataEGEC and Eurostat, Geothermal data
Special thanks to:IGWindkraft (AT) – EDORA and VWEA (BE) – APEE and BGWEA (BG) – CSVE (CZ) – BWE and VDMA (DE) - DWIA and DKWind (DK) – Tuulenergia (EE) – IWEA (EI) - HWEA (EL) – AEE (ES) - Suomen Tuulivoimayhdistys ry and Technology Industries of Finland (FI) – SERTFEE (FR) – Jardfeingi (FO) - Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar (HR) – MSZET and MSZIT (HU) – ANEV (IT) – LWPA (LT) – Ministère de l’économie et du commerce extérieur (LU) - LVEA (LV) – NWEA (NL) – NorWEA (NO) – PWEA (PL) – APREN (PT) – AREE (RO) –
ZVES (SK) – Svensk Vindenergi (SE) - APE (SI) – Suisse Eole (CH) – TÜREB (TK) – UWEA (UA) – RenewableUK (UK)
Photo cover: Enel Green Power
3The european Wind energy associaTion
2011 annual installations
•9,616MWofwindpowercapacity(worthsome€12.6billion)wasinstalledintheEUduring2011,asimilarfiguretothepreviousyear(9,648in2010);
•Windpoweraccountedfor21.4%oftotal2011powercapacityinstallations;•Renewablepowerinstallationsaccountedfor71.3%ofnewinstallationsduring2011: 32,043MWofatotalof44,939MWofnewpowercapacity;
•Morerenewablepowercapacitywasinstalledduring2011thananyotheryear,anincrease of37.7%comparedto2010;
•Morepowercapacitywasinstalledin2011thaneverbefore-anincreaseof3.9%,dueentirely to increasing renewable power installations.
Trends & cumulative installations •TheEU’stotalinstalledpowercapacityincreasedby35,468MWnetto895,878MW,withwindpowerincreasingitsshareofinstalledcapacityto10.5%(93,957MW),andrenewablecapacityincreasingitsshareto31.1%;
•Since2000,28.2%ofnewcapacityinstalledhasbeenwindpower,47.8%renewables, and90.8%renewablesandgascombined;
•Foronlythethirdtimesince1998theEUpowersectorinstalledmorecoalthanitdecommis-sioned,highlightingtheurgentneedfortheEUtomovetoa30%greenhousegasreductiontargetfor2020,tointroduceanEmissionsPerformanceStandard,andtoenddecadesofsubsidiesfornewcoalbuildanditsfuel;
•TheEUpowersectorcontinuesitsmoveawayfromfueloilandnuclear,witheachtechnologycontinuingtodecommissionmorethanitinstalls;
Wind power installations •Annualinstallationsofwindpowerhaveincreasedsteadilyoverthelast17yearsfrom814MWin1995to9,616MWin2011,anannualaveragemarketgrowthof15.6%;
•Atotalof93,957MWisnowinstalledintheEuropeanUnion,anincreaseininstalledcumu-lativecapacityof11%comparedtothepreviousyear;
•GermanyremainstheEUcountrywiththelargestinstalledcapacity,followedbySpain,France,ItalyandtheUK;
•GrowthinonshoreinstallationsinGermanyandSweden,andoffshoreintheUK-togetherwith continuing strong performance from some emerging onshore markets in Eastern Europe –havemorethanoffsetthefallininstallationsinmaturemarketssuchasFranceandSpain;
•Thewindcapacityinstalledbytheendof2011would,inanormalyear,produce204TWhofelectricity,representing6.3%ofelectricityconsumption–upfrom5.3%theyearbefore.
Executive summary
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Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics
The european Wind energy associaTion
PORTUGAL4,083
SPAIN21,674
FRANCE6,800*
UNITED KINGDOM
6,540
IRELAND1,631
BELGIUM1,078
NETHERLANDS2,328
LUXEMBOURG44
GERMANY29,060
POLAND1,616
DENMARK3,871*
SWEDEN2,907
FINLAND197
ESTONIA184
LATVIA 31
LITHUANIA 179
ITALY6,747*
AUSTRIA1,084
CZECH REPUBLIC
217 SLOVAKIA 3
HUNGARY329
SLOVENIA0
ROMANIA982
BULGARIA612*
GREECE1,629
MALTA0
RUSSIAn/a***
NORWAY520
UKRAINE151
SWITZERLAND 46
CROATIA 131
TURKEY1,799
CYPRUS134
FAROE ISLANDS4
* Provisional**FormerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia*** Figure not communicated Note:Duetopreviousyearadjustments,216.03MWofprojectde-commissioning,re-poweringandroundingoffigures,thetotal2011end-of-yearcumulativecapacityisnotexactlyequivalentto the sum of the 2010 end-of-year total plus the 2011 additions.
installed 2010 end 2010 installed 2011 end 2011candidate countries (MW)Croatia 61 89 42 131FYROM** 0 0 0 0Serbia 0 0 0 0Turkey 528 1,329 470 1,799Total 589 1,418 512 1,930eFTa (MW)Iceland 0 0 0 0Liechtenstein 0 0 0 0Norway 18 436 84 520Switzerland 25 42 3 46
Total 43 478 87 565
Of which offshore and near shore
0 2 0 2
other (MW)FaroeIslands 0 4 0 4Ukraine 1 87 66 151Russia 0 9 n/a*** n/a***Total 1 101 66 164Total europe 10,280 86,647 10,281 96,607
installed 2010
end 2010
installed 2011
end 2011
EU Capacity (MW)Austria 19 1,014 73 1,084Belgium 325 886 192 1,078Bulgaria 322 500 112* 612*Cyprus 82 82 52 134CzechRepublic 23 215 2 217Denmark 315 3,749 178 3,871Estonia 7 149 35 184Finland 52 197 0 197France 1,396 5,970 830* 6,800*Germany 1,493 27,191 2,086 29,060Greece 238 1,323 311 1,629Hungary 94 295 34 329Ireland 82 1,392 239 1,631Italy 948 5,797 950* 6,747*Latvia 2 30 1 31Lithuania 72 163 16 179Luxembourg 1 44 0 44Malta 0 0 0 0Netherlands 56 2,269 68 2,328Poland 456 1,180 436 1,616Portugal 171 3,706 377 4,083Romania 448 462 520 982Slovakia 0 3 0 3Slovenia 0 0 0 0Spain 1,463 20,623 1,050 21,674Sweden 604 2,163 763 2,907UnitedKingdom 1,005 5,204 1,293 6,540Total eu-27 9,648 84,650 9,616 93,957Total eu-15 8,144 81,571 8,409 89,670Total eu-12 1,504 3,079 1,208 4,287Of which offshore and near shore
883 2,944 866 3,810
Wind power installed in europe by end of 2011 (cumulative)
European Union: 93,957 MWCandidate Countries: 1,930 MWEFTA: 565 MWTotal Europe: 96,607 MW
FYROM**0
5The european Wind energy associaTion
2011 annual installations
Wind power capacity installations
During 2011, 10,281(1) MW of wind power wasinstalledacrossEurope,ofwhich9,616MWwas intheEuropeanUnion,similartothepreviousyear.
Ofthe9,616MWinstalledintheEU,8,750MWwasonshoreand866MWoffshore. In2011,theannualonshore market remained stable compared to the previous year, whilst the offshoremarket decreasedslightly(-1.9%).
InvestmentinEUwindfarmsin2011was€12.6billion,a similar figure to 2010. The onshore wind powersectorattracted€10.2billion,whiletheoffshorewindpowersectoraccountedforaround€2.4bn(19%).
Intermsofannual installations,Germanywasbyfarthe largestmarket in2011, installingalmost2,100MWofnewcapacity.TheUKcameinsecondwithjustunder1,300MW,752MWofwhich (58%)offshore,followed by Spain with 1,050 MW. Italy (950 MW),France(830MW)andSweden(763MW)arefollowedbyRomania(520MW).
Amongtheemergingmarkets,afterRomania,Polandinstalled the second most capacity in 2011 (436
MW).Bothremainamongthe10biggestEUmarketsfor the second year running.
Offshoreaccounted for8.9%of totalEUwindpowerinstallations in 2011.
EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR NEW CAPACITY
INSTALLED DURING 2011 IN MW. TOTAL 9,616 MW FIGURE1.1
installed 2010 end 2010 installed 2011 end 2011candidate countries (MW)Croatia 61 89 42 131FYROM** 0 0 0 0Serbia 0 0 0 0Turkey 528 1,329 470 1,799Total 589 1,418 512 1,930eFTa (MW)Iceland 0 0 0 0Liechtenstein 0 0 0 0Norway 18 436 84 520Switzerland 25 42 3 46
Total 43 478 87 565
Of which offshore and near shore
0 2 0 2
other (MW)FaroeIslands 0 4 0 4Ukraine 1 87 66 151Russia 0 9 n/a*** n/a***Total 1 101 66 164Total europe 10,280 86,647 10,281 96,607
Photo:RES
(1) Figures for Russia were not available at time of publishing
France8309%
Sweden7638%
Romania5205%
Poland4365%
Portugal3774%
Greece3113%
Germany2,08622%
UK1,29313%
Spain1,05011%
Italy95010%
Others1,00110%
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Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics
The european Wind energy associaTion
Power capacity installations
Windpoweraccountedfor21.4%ofnewinstallationsin2011,thethirdbiggestshareaftersolarPV(46.7%)andgas(21.6%).
Solar PV installed 21,000 MW (46.7% of totalcapacity), followed by gas with 9,718 MW (21.6%),andwindwith9,616MW(21.4%).
Noother technologiescompare towind,PVandgasin termsofnew installations.Coal installed2.2GW(4.8%oftotal installations),fueloil700MW(1.6%),largehydro607MW(1.3%)andCSP472MW(1.1%).Nuclear (331 MW), biomass (234 MW), waste (69MW), geothermal (32 MW) and ocean technologies(4.5 MW), each represented less than 1% of newcapacity installations.
Overall,2011wasarecordyearintheEU,with45GWofnewelectricitygeneratingcapacityinstalled,a3.9%increase compared to 2010.
NEW INSTALLED CAPACITY AND DECOMMISSIONED CAPACITY IN MW. TOTAL 35,468 MW FIGURE1.3
2011 SHARE OF NEW POWER INSTALLATIONS IN EU FIGURE1.2
PV 21,000
47%
Gas9,718.3
22%
Wind9,61621%
Coal2,1475%
Fuel oil7002%
Large hydro6061%
CSP4721%
Nuclear3311%
Biomass234.1
0%
Waste690%
Geothermal320%
Small hydro9
0%Ocean
50%
-5,000
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
PV Gas Wind Coal Fuel oil
Large hydro
CSP Nuclear Biomass Waste Geo-thermal
Small hydro
Ocean
New capacity Decommissioned
21,000
9,718 9,616
2,147700 606 472 331 234 690 32 9 5
-60
-6,253
-22-1,147-840-216
-934
During2011,6.3GWofnuclearcapacitywasdecom-missioned, and over 1 GW of fuel oil capacity wastakenoffline.Gasdecommissioned934MW,coal840MWandwind216MW.
For the second year running, coal installed morecapacity (2,147 MW) than it decommissioned (840
MW).Thishike innewcoalpowercapacityhighlightstheurgentneed for theEUtomove toa30%green-housegasreductiontargetfor2020,tointroduceanEmissionsPerformanceStandard,andtoenddecadesof subsidies for new coal build and its fuel.
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EU INSTALLED POWER GENERATING CAPACITY PER YEAR IN MW AND RES SHARE (%) FIGURE2.1
In2000, new renewable power installations totalled3.5GW.Renewablecapacity installationshavebeengrowing almost tenfold over the past 11 years, toreach32GWin2011.
The share of renewables in total capacity additions has also grown. In 2000, the 3.5 GW represented20.7%ofnewpowerinstallations,increasingto23.3
Renewable power installations
Trends & cumulative installations
GW(53.8%)in2010,and32GW(71.3%)in2011.
302.6GWofnewpowercapacityhasbeeninstalledsince 2000. Of this, 28.2% has been wind power,47.8% renewables, and 90.8% renewables and gascombined.
More renewablegeneratingcapacitywas installed intheEUin2011thaneverbefore-32GW,representing71.3%ofallnewinstallations.Since2008renewablecapacity installations have represented more than half of all new installed capacity.
Renewable power capacity installations
2011 SHARE OF NEW RENEWABLE CAPACITY INSTALLATIONS
(TOTAL 32,043 MW) FIGURE1.4
PV21,000
Wind9,616
Large hydro606
CSP472
Biomass234
Waste69
Geothermal32
Small hydro8.6
Ocean4.5
0%
0%
0%
66%
30%2%
1%
1%
0%
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Peat Fuel oil Nuclear Coal Gas Ocean CSP Small hydro Waste Biomass Geothermal Large hydro PV Wind
RES
13.1%15.4%
12.3%
21.5%
27.2%
20.7%38.2% 44.4%
34.4%
32.8% 33.5%
31.5%
46.2%
56.8%
63.7%
53.8%71.3%
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Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics
The european Wind energy associaTion
Total installed power capacity
Windpower’sshareof total installedpowercapacityover the last decade has increased more than four-fold from2.2%in2000to10.5%in2011.Overthe
EU POWER CAPACITY MIX 2000 FIGURE2.3 EU POWER CAPACITY MIX 2011 FIGURE2.4
NET ELECTRICITY GENERATING INSTALLATIONS IN EU 2000-2011 IN GW FIGURE2.2
Thenetgrowthsince2000ofgaspower (116GW),windpower (84.2GW)andsolarPV (47.4MW)wasat the expense of fuel oil (down 14.2 GW), nuclear(down13.5GW)andcoal(down10.3GW).2011sawa sharp decrease in nuclear capacity due to the early decommissioningofanumberofreactorsinGermany.The other renewable technologies (hydro, biomass,waste, CSP, geothermal and ocean energies) have
Net changes in EU installed capacity 2000-2011
also been increasing installed capacity over the past decade,albeitmoreslowlythanwindandsolarPV.
The 21st century sees the EU power sector moving awayfromfueloil,coalandnuclearwhilecontinuingtoincreaseitstotalinstalledcapacitywithgas,windandsolarPVtomeetincreasingdemand.
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116
84
47
4 3 2 1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.01
-10 -14 -14 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Gas Wind PV Largehydro
Biomass Waste CSP Smallhydro
Geo-thermal
Peat Ocean Coal Nuclear Fueloil
Large hydro 105,552
18%
Wind 12,887
2%Small hydro
4,5141%
Biomass 2,790
1%Waste
2,0540%
Geothermal 604
0%
PV 188
0%
Coal 159,482
28%
Nuclear 128,471
22%
Gas 89,801 16%
Fuel oil 66,518 12%
Peat 1,868 0%
Large hydro
14%Wind
93,957
121,243
10%
PV 46,300
5%Biomass
6,0191%
Small hydro 4,845
1%
Waste 3,804
0%Geothermal
9240%
CSP 1107
0%
Ocean 254
0%
Coal230,253
26%
Nuclear121,444
14%
Gas209,953
23%
Fuel oil53,7456%
Peat2,0300%
sameperiod,renewablecapacityincreasedbyathirdfrom22.5%in2000to31.1%in2011.
9The european Wind energy associaTion
Annual wind power installations
Annual wind power installations in the EU have increased steadily over the past 17 years from 814
MWin1996to9,616MWin2011,anaverageannualgrowthrateof15.6%.
National breakdown of wind power installations
In 2000, the annual wind power installations of thethree pioneering countries –Denmark,Germany andSpain – represented 85% of all EU wind capacity
additions.In2011,thissharehasdecreasedto34%.Wind power is increasingly being installed across Europe.
A closer look at wind power installations
DENMARK, GERMANY AND SPAIN’S SHARE OF EU WIND POWER MARKET (GW) FIGURE3.2
ANNUAL WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN EU IN GW FIGURE3.1
0.8 1 1.3
1.7
3.2 3.2
4.4
5.95.5
5.86.2
7.6
8.5 8.3
10.5
9.6 9.6
2
0
4
6
8
10
12
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2.7 3.8 5.2 4.3
4.1 3.6
3.85.2
3.4 4.7
3.4 3.3
0.5 0.6 0.71.2
1.72.6
3.83.4
5.15.8
6 6.3
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Rest of EU Germany, Spain, Denmark
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Wind in poWer: 2011 european sTaTisTics
The european Wind energy associaTion
CUMULATIVE WIND POWER INSTALLATIONS IN THE EU (GW)
FIGURE3.4
EU MEMBER STATE MARKET SHARES FOR TOTAL INSTALLED
CAPACITY AT END 2011 (TOTAL 93.7 GW) FIGURE3.5
Cumulative wind power installations
Atotalof93,957MWisnowinstalledintheEuropeanUnion,agrowthof11%onthepreviousyear.Germanyremains the EU country with the largest installed capacity,followedbySpain,Italy,FranceandtheUK.
Nine other countries have over 1 GW of installedcapacity:Portugal,Denmark,theNetherlands,Sweden,Ireland,Greece,Poland,AustriaandBelgium.
Onshore and offshore annual markets
In2011,offshorewind’sshareoftotalinstallationswas9%,comparedto9.2%in2010.
ANNUAL ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS IN MW FIGURE3.3
10 The european Wind energy associaTion
4,377
5,743 5,203 5,749 6,114
7,526 8,201 7,935
9,929 8,764 8,750
4
51 170
259 90
93
318 373
582
883 866
1000
3000
5000
7000
9000
11000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Offshore Onshore
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2.5 3.5 4.8 6.5 9.7
12.917.3
23.1
28.5
34.4
40.5
48
56.5
64.7
75.1
84.6
94
Germany29.131%
Spain21.723%
France6.87%
Italy6.77%
UK6.57%
Portugal4.14%
Denmark3.94%
Sweden2.93%
Netherlands2.33%
Ireland1.62%
Other8.39%
11The european Wind energy associaTion
Estimated wind energy production
Thewindcapacityinstalledatend2011will,inanormalwindyear,produce204TWhofelectricity,representing6.3%oftheEU’sgrossfinalconsumption(2).
Denmark remains the country with the highestpenetration of wind power in electricity consumption
(almost 26%), followed by Spain (15.9%), Portugal(15.6%),Ireland(12%)andGermany(10.6%).Overall,inanormalwindyear,installedwindcapacityatend2011willmeet6.3%oftheEU’selectricityneeds.
WIND SHARE OF TOTAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION FIGURE3.6
(2) According to the latest figures from Eurostat, gross electricity consumption in the EU was 3,225.2 TWh in 2009
0% 0% 0%
0.5% 0.7% 0.9% 1.3%
1.7% 2.3%
2.8% 2.9% 3% 3.3% 3.4% 3.7%
4.2% 4.4% 4.4% 4.5% 4.5%
5.2% 5.4%
6.3% 10.6%
12% 15.6% 15.9%
25.9%
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
DenmarkSpain
PortugalIreland
GermanyEU
CyprusGreece
SwedenUK
EstoniaNetherlands
ItalyRomaniaBulgariaAustria
LithuaniaBelgium
FrancePoland
HungaryLuxembourg
LatviaCzech Republic
FinlandSlovakiaSlovenia
Malta