Wind Energy Lecture 01

5/21/2018 Wind Energy Lecture 01

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Wind Energy

ESE-817

Centre for Energy Systems-Centre for Advance Studies in Energy

CES-CAS

National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad


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HISTORY OF WIND POWER

500 B.C

1000 A.D

1300 - 1850 A.D 19thCentury

20thCentury(USA)

20thCentury(Danish) European Development


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500 B.C

1000 A.D


20thCentury(USA)



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500 B.C

The development ofsail boats led directly

to the development of

the first recordedwind powered device

in Persia (the Middle

East)


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500 B.C

Sails were used

to drive a mill

stone for the

grinding of

grain. These

were seen first in

Persia, 500 BC.


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Persian Wind mill

500 B.C


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500 B.C

In China, alsosails were used to

grind grains or

for irrigation


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500 B.C

Some versions were

also used to pump

water for drinking

water and for simple

irrigation of

agricultural land.


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500 B.C

1000 A.D


20thCentury(USA)



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1000 A.D.

As sails developed,

wind powered devices

became even more

powerful.

The device on the right

was very common

around this time.


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1000 A.D.

Postmill The post mill consists of

a timber support holdingthe vertical central post

around which the boxlikebuck (i.e. the mill house)turns on a pivot.

Using a tail pole, the

buck together with therotor was oriented intothe wind.


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500 B.C

1000 A.D

1300 - 1850 A.D

19thCentury

20thCentury(USA)

20th

Century(Danish) European Development


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1300 - 1850 A.D

This type of windmilldesign became familiarin Europe between 1300and 1850 AD.

The windmill design ismuch more like thetraditional windmills wesee even today

It was designedparticularly for the largescale milling of grain


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1300 - 1850 A.D

Tower Mill

In Southern Europe, the post

mill did not gain popularity

Mostly used for irrigation

1stdocumented in 13thcentury


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1300 - 1850 A.D

In 15thcentury used in

Holland

It was 1stknown

attempt for water

pumping / Drainage

Later on, it was

modified for garin

grinding


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1300 - 1850 A.D

Section of a

Wipmolen


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1300 - 1850 A.D

Dutch smock mill

1. Fantail

2. Gear wheel with brake

3. Gear for cap rotation

4. Rollers

5. Wallower6. Main shaft

7. Sack hoist

8. Great spur wheel

9. Spindle drive

10. Millstone crane

11. Millworks with chute

12. Brake chain

13. Stone adjustment

14. Flour chute


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1300 - 1850 A.D

Sketch of a

gallery windmill


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500 B.C

1000 A.D

1300 - 1850 A.D

19thCentury

20thCentury(USA)

20th



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19th Century

In the USA wind powered devices likethe one shown in the illustration weredeveloped to pump water.

These were especially functional inbone-dry areas where deep wells wereessential to find drinking water

In the 1800s, the Halladay windmillwas very trendy with thousands made.

This basic design was reliable and was

used even up to the 1940s. A large version of this design had

rotors (propellers) of 18 meters inlength.


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500 B.C

1000 A.D

1300 - 1850 A.D

19thCentury

20thCentury(USA)

20th



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20th Century(USA)

First Use of Wind for Large-Scale

Generation of Electricity

With the development of

electrical power, scientists andtechnologists developed ways of

producing electricity through the

use of wind generators (also

known as turbines).


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20th Century(USA)

In the 1930s one of the largestexperimental machines, called the

Palmer-Putnam machine was first

used

This was capable of producing 1.25megawatts of electricity.

However, due to the materials

available at the time, its effectiveness

was reduced to a great extent and

made the machine hard to maintain.

It had 50 meter rotors which were

large compared to other designs.


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500 B.C

1000 A.D

1300 - 1850 A.D

19thCentury

20thCentury(USA)

20th



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20th Century(Danish)

After the Second World War thehunt for efficient wind power

generators (turbines) restarted.

In Denmark the Gedser WindTurbinewas created and operated

until the mid 1960s. This was 200

Kilowatt machine.

The rotors had a set pitch (angle)

to catch the wind more efficiently.

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The main body of the device was

built in a similar way to that of thebody of an airplane.

Airplane technology was applied

successfully to the device making itthe most efficient device of its time.

However, progress in thegeneration of electricity through

wind power was sluggish in the1950s and 1960s.

This was because fossil fuels wererelatively cheap.

20th Century(Danish)


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500 B.C

1000 A.D

1300 - 1850 A.D

19thCentury

20thCentury(USA)

20th


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European Development

Throughout the 1960s, ProfessorUlrich Hutter, a Germantechnologist, designed a numberof wind generators that usedmodern materials such as

fiberglass and plastic. The lighter materials meant that

the device could operate inlighter winds, generatingelectricity.

Slowly but surely, wind poweredturbines were beginning to lookeconomic to build and maintain.


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Due mainly to the fast rise in oil prices throughout the

late 1970s and 1980s,&

The fact that using fossil fuels to produce electricity

causes pollution,Which can damage the environment and cause globalwarming,

The development of wind generators (turbines)

ACCELERATED!!!

Wind Energy Lecture 01

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Transcript of Wind Energy Lecture 01