Wind Energy at the CSIR · 2018. 4. 14. · • Further CSIR’s aerospace technology demonstrators...

Wind Energy at the CSIR Presentation to the Turbo Machinery Techno

Group By Stefan Szewczuk

23 January 2013

Presentation based on:

• CSIR 4th Biennial Conference

• Wind Energy Industrial Strategy workshop

• Eastern Cape-European Union Renewable Energy Conference

Research on Wind Energy

4th Biennial Conference

Presented by: Stefan Szewczuk

Date: 10 October 2012

• Based on its aerospace capabilities, CSIR

demonstrated in 1986 on its Pretoria

campus that a worthwhile amount of energy

can be extracted from the wind in regions

with very low average wind speeds.

• Generated a maximum output of 2kW at

approx 8m/s

• Research recommended that three basic

models be developed for the moderate to

poor wind flow regimes in SA

CSIR’s low wind speed turbine

CSIR’s autogyro

Large wind turbines

Howden’s 300 kW wind turbine

on Orkney Island, Scotland

• Further CSIR’s aerospace technology

demonstrators formed basis to

investigate wind turbines

• CSIR was offered Howdens 300 &

750 kW turbines on Orkney & Shetland

Islands.

• Undertook wind energy study tour to

UK

• Too expensive to transfer to SA

• Howdens offered CSIR blade IP based

on wood laminate technology. Offer

not taken up.

• IP & further developments now owned

by Vestas

• CSIR: exposure to large wind turbines

& underlying technologies

Ovid: composite man-

rated trainer airplane

Eskom’s wind farm, Klipheuwel, Cape Town

• CSIR, then DME & City of Cape Town

undertook study on large grid connected

wind turbines – included a study tour to

Europe.

• Recommended that a demonstration

scheme be established near Cape Town

• CSIR developed concept to the point

where next step was implementation

• Eskom implemented scheme as a

research project to gain understanding in

developing & operating wind farms.

• CSIR did EIA for Klipheuwel wind energy

scheme

© CSIR 2012 Slide 5

Darling wind farm

• CSIR invested funding for initial wind

measurements on 10 metre mast.

• Good quality data resulted in Danida

funding CSIR to do comprehensive wind measurements

• Initial investment resulted in CSIR participating in current Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA) project


Wind energy industrial strategy for South Africa

South African Wind Energy Programme (SAWEP) - two key strategic outputs aimed at

guiding wind energy development in SA:

• Wind Atlas for South Africa (WASA) – First verified wind atlas launched by Deputy

Minister of Energy on 13 March 2012

• Investigation into a Wind Energy Industrial Strategy for SA - outputs of which will

help determine the possibility of establishing a wind industry in South Africa.

• CSIR & Risø DTU (now DTU Wind Energy) undertook this investigation:

Final report has 3 parts

Part 1: Global Wind-energy Market and Industry;

Part 2: South African Wind-energy Market and Industry; and

Part 3: Strategic analysis

• This presentation is based on Part 3: Strategic analysis with emphasis on RD&D

portion of strategy



Turbine ex-works breakdown %’s confirmed by stakeholders

Brief overview of international R&D strategies

• The International Energy Agency (IEA) published a global technology

roadmap for wind energy - primary tasks are:

Wind technology development

Delivery and systems integration

Policy frameworks

International collaboration

• European wind energy sector launched the European Wind Energy

Technology Platform (TPWind). The Strategic Research Agenda (SRA) of

TPWind is divided into five thematic priorities for research:

Wind resources, design wind conditions and forecasting

Wind turbine technology

Wind energy integration

Offshore deployment and operation

European research infrastructures


Global Research & Development trends

• Mainly incremental technology advances to improve cost

effectiveness (except offshore floating)

• Key research areas

Large turbine development: improved reliability; better understanding of

aerodynamics; innovative concepts and integrated design; improved design

codes; improved gearbox design; gearless design; improved blade design;

mechanical structures and new materials

Offshore wind in shallow (bottom mounted) and in deep waters (floating

structures)

Power system operation and grid integration: wind power plant

capabilities (providing ancillary services, wind farm control); grid planning

and operation; energy and power management.

Wind farm optimisation

Wind conditions: complex terrain; offshore meteorology; wakes; extreme

wind speeds; wind profiles at high heights; short-term predictions


Innovation & preliminary wind energy technology tree

• South African Industry’s propensity to innovate is in the same league as their

counterparts in Europe. To state this differently, South African Industry has a

can-do attitude and mind-set

• Industry has experience in manufacturing components to exacting specifications,

integrating complex systems and this being done with efficient use of resources.

• Industry is very much aware of the need to be globally competitive by reducing

costs and maintaining, if not increasing, on quality.

• A preliminary macro-environment (big picture) analysis was done of the South

African innovation community

• A preliminary technology tree was developed and recommended that a South

African Wind Energy Technology Platform be established in support of a wind

energy industrial strategy


Preliminary technology tree


Needs Innovative wind turbine system designs

Local manufacture of components Job creation Energy security

Key Solutions •Wind resource assessment and maps •Advanced designs for next generation wind turbines •Advanced materials selection and development •Advanced and cost effective manufacturing techniques

•High quality manufactured components •Certification and testing procedures •Advanced techniques for wind turbine/grid integration •Human capacity development

Platform South African Wind Energy Technology Platform

Applied technology

Life cycle evaluation and prediction

Component design and manufacturing

Wind farm design optimisation

Condition monitoring & fault prediction

Policy development & decision support

Base technology

•Constitutive equations •Materials characterisation •Aero-elasticity methodologies •Numerical failure identification methods •Non-destructive evaluation

•Database of new materials •New design standards •Power electronics •Manufacturing processes •Quality assurance

•Increased accuracy of wind resource database •Wind turbine emulation system •Extreme wind condition evaluation techniques •Complex terrain & offshore evaluation techniques

•Monitoring & evaluation •Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems •Smart grid technologies

•Data and information evaluation techniques

Infrastructure •Wind measurement equipment •Computational fluid dynamics •Finite element methods •Dedicated wind tunnels •Blade test facilities •Generator test facilities •Drive train test facilities

•Natural resource databases •Geographic Information Systems •Quantitative methods •Science and Engineering know-how •Supply chain linkages •Indigenous knowledge

Further details & table available on poster: “South Africa –

a new innovator and manufacturer of wind turbines?”

Smart sustainable wind energy based systems to

complement South Africa’s electrification programme


Renewable Energy for Rural Electrification in E Cape

• 3 year multinational EU (Garrad Hassan of UK, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation) - CSIR investigative project

• Objective: identify rural electrification opportunities using renewable energies linked to existing & new economic activities

• Renewable energy resources investigated: wind, mini-hydro & biomass

• Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to present & interpret results

• Large part of project was wind resource assessment of the E Cape Province

• WAsP numerical model was used for wind resource assessment

• Output: identified implementable projects – emphasis on objective

technological evaluations


Modelling & Simulation Example using GIS


Cost of wind generated electricity

Distribution grid with, as an example, 10kms

either side blanked off

Overlaying above two maps identify possible

areas where wind generated electricity may

be cheaper than grid extension

1st verified wind atlas – opportunity to develop an

accurate model

Impact of Eastern Cape Project

• Obtained first hand understanding of complexity of poverty alleviation –

technical & non-technical (water-energy-food-employment nexus)

• Developed Integrated Energy/Economic Framework – framework for

sustainable socio-economic development for rural areas

• Identified renewable energy projects at Hluleka Nature Reserve &

Lucingweni village on Wild Coast


Hybrid mini-grids: Hluleka & Lucingweni

• With Cabinet endorsement, then Minister of Minerals & Energy mandated the

NER (now NERSA) to facilitate piloting hybrid mini-grids

• Experience & understanding gained to inform decision & policy makers

• NER contracted CSIR to develop implementation plan

• Implementation partner – Shell Renewables

• Integrated Energy/Economic Framework applied

• Mini-grids integrated with providing potable water

• Energy & water efficiency concepts applied

• CSIR: first-hand exposure to small wind turbines and integration of a range of

related technologies – action research


Hybrid mini-grid energy systems


Hluleka Nature Reserve

Lucingweni village

Impact of Eastern Cape project

Department of Science & Technology – mini-grids were used as a case study on

“Technology Transfer for Poverty Alleviation”

CSIR lessons learnt applied to

• updating Integrated Energy/Economic Methodology

• identifying shortcomings in then wind data resource map

• understanding the non-technical issues in sustainable projects

• deeper understanding on smart sustainable energy resulting in:

investigations into conversion of organic waste into energy (anaerobic

digestion)

project: “Modular form of Electrification in Rural Communities in South

Africa”

Global Research Alliance (GRA) initiative on “Smart Sustainable Energy for

the Rural Poor”


Modular form of electrification in rural communities

Project funded by the Royal Danish Embassy in Pretoria and carried out by:

• eThekwini (Durban) Municipality

• Risø DTU (Danish National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy)

• South African National Energy Research Institute (SANERI)

• CSIR

• University of the Witwatersrand

• North West University

Project aim:

Investigate the suitability of modular smart-grid approach for electrification of rural

communities, with particular emphasis on the needs of the eThekwini Municipality


Brief review of modular form of electrification

Recommendations for a demonstration project:

• Potential of modular approach confirmed and should be refined through further

modelling and simulation work.

• Establish a research facility so that technologies can be refined and evaluated in a

controlled environment prior to implementation in the field.

• Human capacity development

Strategic recommendations:

1. Develop a Roadmap for SA on Smart Grid Technologies

2. Develop a Renewable Energy Technology Integration Platform

3. In DTI’s Industrial Policy & Action Plan (IPAP), under green industries, localisation

strategies be developed to include smart grid/modular forms of electrification

4. Align outcomes of projects to support the National Development Plan and other

policies


GRA: Smart Sustainable Energy for the Rural Poor

Smart Sustainable Energy will deliver impact through three co-creative streams:

Social Innovation, Ecosystem Innovation, Technical Innovation:

• leading to solutions that will seamlessly integrate with the electrical grid.

Successful inclusive innovations for the Base-of-the-Pyramid (BoP) have to be :

• Affordable, Acceptable, Appropriate, Accessible.

At a functional level, amongst others, the GRA team has aligned with the Eastern Cape

Provincial Government and its Sustainable Energy Strategy, District Municipalities

A project design document has been developed for investors & stakeholders

Broad phases: modelling & simulation, real-world trialling of developed innovations,

development of modular solutions suitable for commercialisation and deployment

http://www.csir.co.za

http://www.csiro.au/

http://www.tno.nl

Thank you

Eastern Cape – European Union Renewable Energy Conference 28-30th November 2012 East London International Convention Centre

• a collaboration of nine of the world’s leading applied-research agencies

• using the best science and technology

• working to solve some of the biggest challenges in the developing world

Who we are

Nine countries, five continents

Who we are

What we do

The GRA’s vision is for a world where the

application of innovative science and technology,

through collaboration and co-creation, delivers

access equality, improves lives and solves

global development challenges.

Our mission

• mobilize the creative energy of our globally and culturally diverse researchers to address global development challenges through innovation

• share the breadth and depth of our science and technology resources and unite with local partners, communities, industry and collaborators

• generate and implement appropriate, affordable and sustainable solutions with positive and lasting impact

Digital Energy

Water Food Security

Health

Our Focus – global research for global

good

Innovation Systems

Inclusive Innovation – GRA approach

Inclusive Innovation is

– any innovation

– that leads to affordable access of quality goods

and services

– creating livelihood opportunities

– for the excluded population, primarily at the base

of the pyramid, and

– on a long term sustainable basis with a significant

outreach

Dr Ramesh Mashelkar - GRA President

Inclusive Innovation access equality despite income inequality

Income Inequality 10,000:1

Access Equality 1:1

Civil Society

NGOs

Social conditions

Communities

Social interests

Environmental conditions

Private Sector

Goods & Services

Investment

Productivity

Skills

Value & supply chain

Government

Infrastructure

Policy

Services

National Local

International donors

Knowledge Institutions

Technology

Solutions

Collaboration

Knowledge creation

Inclusive Innovation one cannot innovate alone

GRA Project Green & Low-Cost Wireless Communication Network for Africa

Fraunhofer (Germany) - terrestrial wireless infrastructure to bring this satellite connectivity into the wide area

Fraunhofer (Portugal) - applications for targeted deployment

CSIR SA - wireless mesh concepts, in particular community mesh and wireless backhaul

CSIRO - efficient satellite-based infrastructure to reach rural areas

VTT – integration of network management

Macha Works - supporting local deployment, training staff, testing and evaluation

GRA Member Projects - examples

SIRIM Eco-friendly artificial coral reefs: tourism, community, local industry

TNO Utilisation of waste streams in pineapple processing – Ghana

CSIRO African Food Security Initiative: sustainable agriculture, smallholder farmers, animal health

CSIR South Africa Value addition to plant product kenaf car component manufacture

GRA Smart Sustainable

Energy Project

The Leapfrog Effect

• Skipping the traditional

– Rural and excluded populations have an opportunity

to pursue innovative energy solutions that are not

built upon the ideas of last century.

Learning to Leap

• We are approaching that goal but slowly

– China has approximately 60,000 minigrid schemes

– Nepal, India, Vietnam and Sri Lanka each have between 100

and 1,000 minigrids

– The World Bank has increased support for off-grid projects,

funding 31 projects between 1995 and 2008 (up from two prior to

1995)

– Still a reliance on diesel generators in many minigrid systems

– Challenges exist in finding optimal community fit

– Assessment of resource availability is difficult

– Maintenance issues are a concern

– Few holistic, robust and codified solutions exist

Timing the Leap

• Now is the time to jump!

– Amazing international investment into Smart Grid

Technologies

– Falling renewable energy technology prices

– 2012 is the United Nation’s Year of Sustainable

Energy for All

– Institutional arrangements starting to be put in place

to drive the development of sustainable solutions

Leap Higher

Our Goal is

• To create a smarter sustainable energy programme for the remote

and rural poor that:

– Delivers localised generation, storage and distribution systems

– Features energy efficiency and intelligent demand management

at the forefront

– Offers modularity, community-specificity and flexibility

– Enables rapid deployment

– Provides robustness

– Integrates contemporary smart-grid concepts

– Enables a sustainable, long-term and green solution to energy

access

wind atlas

Storage

Bio

HydroSolar

print PV dye PV

chemicalbattery

biofuels

biomass

biogasWind

micro hydro

MINIGRIDS

Spin-in Innovation

Our Design Innovation Application

Regulatory Environment

Sustainable Development

Institutional Environment

Skills & Job Creation

Services & Enterprises

innovation research

knowledge

technical vocational

artisan

policy gov officials

business

healthwater

telecom services

agribusiness / food storage / mobile

charging / bakery ….

finance, funding

town planning

procurement

nationalprovincial

municipal

strategic planning,

policy

climate changelow carbon

green growthgreen economy

digital & energy access

environment

environmental impact

Project Design &Management

Social Innovation

Technical Innovation

multi-stakeholder analysis

gender

community engagement

co-creationownership

•SMARTlessons learned

SMART

simulation

fault detection

efficiency

Ecosystem Innovation

services

SUPPORTED

SUSTAINABLE

integration

skills

Project Design & Management

Ecosystem Innovation SUSTAINABLE

Social Innovation


gender


co-creation ownership

services

SUPPORTED

skills


lessons learned SMART

simulation

fault detection

efficiency

integration

Our Design

Our Design – Innovation Environment






innovation research

knowledge


artisan


business

health water

telecom services



finance, funding

town planning

procurement

national provincial

municipal

strategic planning,

policy

climate change low carbon

green growth green economy


environment

Our Design – Spin-in Innovation

wind atlas

Storage

Bio

Hydro Solar

print PV dye PV

chemical battery

biofuels

biomass

biogas Wind

micro hydro

MINIGRIDS

Our Team – why we will deliver

• The collaborative partnership between CSIRO, TNO, CSIR & UFH brings expertise in minigrids, smart grids, social sciences, real-world deployment, world-leading experimental facilities and an international network of research, government and industry partners

http://www.csir.co.za/

http://www.tno.nl/

http://www.csiro.au/


CSIRO • Recently completed a three year Asia Pacific

Partnership with TERI (India) on smart minigrid technologies

• Renewable Energy Integration Facility (REIF), for the testing and analysis of energy systems in a minigrid environment

• Leading research into key smart-grid concepts, including:

– Optimal planning of small-scale power networks

– Automated demand-management and control

• Work programmes focussed on:

– Advanced solar and load forecasting methodologies

– Automated fault-detection and diagnosis


CSIR

• Strategic Evaluations

– Industrialisation strategies

• Development of frameworks and real-world deployment of South African minigrids/smart grids

– implementation plans for Lucingweni and Hluleka minigrids

– eThekwini modular systems

• Decision Support Systems

– Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

– Renewable energy resource databases

– Modelling and Simulation

Lucingweni village

Hluleka Nature Reserve


TNO

• Smart Energy Systems

– Multi-stakeholder business analysis

– Market integration and business modeling

– Fulfillment, Assurance, Billing

• Supply & Demand Management

– PowerMatcher

– Real-time and predictive Supply Demand Management

• Self-Healing Networks and Microgrids

– Grid integration of renewable energy generators

• Applied technology research in Aruba that will expand renewable energy share to 40%

• Innovation for Development group


University of Fort Hare

• Biomass Energy

– Installation and performance monitoring of biomass gasifiers and biogas digesters in rural areas including a150kVA biomass gasifier system at Melani village

• Energy Efficiency

– measurement and verification of the electrical demand in both industry and the residential sector

– installation and performance monitoring of various heat pump technologies

• Solar Energy

– photovoltaics cells and modules

– solar passive housing design

Our Alignment – why we will deliver

• Important to the Project is alignment with, and support of The Eastern Cape Sustainable Energy Strategy

Universal access to electricity – sustainable off grid renewable energy hubs

Enabling environment – a quarterly sustainable energy Forum for interaction between stakeholders

Innovation and R&D – areas of research benefiting sustainable energy industry for province

Skills development – development of local innovations and inventions


Social Innovation



gender




SMART

simulation

fault detection

efficiency


services

SUPPORTED

SUSTAINABLE

integration

skills


Social Innovation



gender




SMART

simulation

fault detection

efficiency


services

SUPPORTED

SUSTAINABLE

integration

skills


Social Innovation



gender




SMART

simulation

fault detection

efficiency


services

SUPPORTED

SUSTAINABLE

integration

skills

Innovation Application






innovation research

knowledge


artisan


business

healthwater

telecom services



finance, funding

town planning

procurement

nationalprovincial

municipal

strategic planning,

policy




environment


INTEGRATED ENERGY ECONOMIC METHODOLOGY New, Alternative

& Emerging Energy Technologies

Conventional Energy

Total Energy Supply

Total Energy Demand

Costs Revenue

Cost benefit analysis Life cycle analysis

Energy efficiency

Existing economic activities

New economic activities

Localisation

Natural resources - arable land - tourism potential - forestry potential Industry - innovation

Enterprise creation

Sociological (Cultural) Facilitation Governance facilitation

Capacity development

Intervention measures Other Conditions •Policy •Manufacturing •Sanitation legislation Roads Markets Water Telecomms. etc

Environmental externalities CDM CPF

CLIMATE CHANGE After S SZEWCZUK

Our Approach – building on lessons learned

Our Approach – building on lessons learned

Rural Energy & Economic Development (REED)

SEEMSimulation & modelling to study effect of different development strategies in a community

GASPDevelop supply chain linkages between rural enterprises and multinationals where natural/renewable resources are value-added

E3Supply & demand side technologies & manufacturing processes that ensure efficient use of energy & resources

REALValidation process in community where intervention measures can be followed over time, monitored, evaluated, documented & fed back

Model flowchart Example of a model in GIS

Modular Energy Unit

440 V ring

(cable)

Load

L1

L2

L3

L4L5

L7

M&C

Generation

Wind PV Diesel

PV

PV PV

Wind

Wind

Wind&

Storage

WATER

BIOGAS

FOOD PROCESSING

SOLAR ENERGY

ELECTRICITY

VILLAGE MANAGEMENT

HOUSEHOLDS

APPLIANCES SANITATION

COMPOST

PRODUCTION

AQUACULTURE

ANIMAL

?

PIG

FARMING

CHICKEN

FARMING

HUSBANDRY

TOMATOES

AGRICULTURE

WHEAT

?

GOODS

SOLIDS

GAS

WASTE

FISHMEAL

FISH FRUIT /VEG

WOOD

FOOD

WASTE

COMPOST

?

?

WASTE

SARED:

South African

Renewable Energy

Database

HomerGIS:

CSIR/DME/Eskom off-

grid electrification

planning tool

Kenaf,

example of

indigenous

fibrous plant

for various

applications

Potential for pine in

E Cape

Natural composite

materials blades

Sociological facilitation

Example: planting citrus for local market

Engagement with community

Organic waste

to energy

Seamlessly integrated systemsModular energy systems

Rural Energy & Economic Development Framework

wind atlas

Storage

Bio

HydroSolar

print PV dye PV

chemicalbattery

biofuels

biomass

biogasWind

micro hydro

MINIGRIDS

Spin-in Innovation

Our Approach – taking it forward Innovation Application






innovation research

knowledge


artisan


business

healthwater

telecom services



finance, funding

town planning

procurement

nationalprovincial

municipal

strategic planning,

policy




environment



Social Innovation



gender




SMART

simulation

fault detection

efficiency


services

SUPPORTED

SUSTAINABLE

integration

skills

Our Approach – how we will deliver

Phase

0

Phase

1

Phase

2

Phase

3

Project Scoping & Innovation Engagement Process – identify and engage stakeholders, create partnerships, community engagement

Modelling & Simulation – review of energy requirements, scenarios aligning needs and technology, model and simulate performance of systems, optimise solutions

Real-world trialling of developed innovations – work with selected community to trial real world demonstration of the technologies, engagement and business models

Modular Solutions & large scale deployment – use lessons from Phase 2 to refine devices; expand trials to include multiple communities, determine commercialisation

Leap for Impact

• collaboration & partnerships in innovation

• localisation & job creation

• human capacity building

• support EC Sustainable Energy Strategy

• green economy

• improved livelihoods

© DFID

GRA Smart Sustainable Energy Project:

Thank you Contact: Stephanie von Gavel The Global Research Alliance www.theglobalresearchalliance.org [email protected]

Steve Szewczuk CSIR www.csir.co.za [email protected]

http://www.theglobalresearchalliance.org/



Wind Energy at the CSIR · 2018. 4. 14. · • Further CSIR’s aerospace technology demonstrators...

Documents

Transcript of Wind Energy at the CSIR · 2018. 4. 14. · • Further CSIR’s aerospace technology demonstrators...