Wind , Clouds , and Precipitation
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Transcript of Wind , Clouds , and Precipitation
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Wind, Clouds, and Precipitation
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WINDS
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DIFFERENCES IN AIR PRESSURE
UNEQUAL HEATING OF AIR
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Responsible for triggering the initial movement of air.
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CORIOLIS EFFECT
SHIFT IN WIND DIRECTION
DUE TO EARTH’S
ROTATION
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As air moves from high to low pressure in the northern hemisphere, it is deflected to the right by the Coriolis force. In the southern hemisphere, air moving from high to low pressure is deflected to the left by the Coriolis force.
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Flushing Toilets on the Equator
Myth or Real:
Toilets flushed in the northern hemisphere apparently spin to the right, in the southern hemisphere the water spins left -- this is supposedly caused by the Coriolis effect. And on the equator? It's a straight shot down.
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http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html
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The global wind belts are formed by two main factors: the unequal heating of the earth by sunlight and the earth's spin.
The unequal heating makes the tropical regions warmer than the polar regions. As a result, there is generally higher pressure at the poles and lower at the equator.
The atmosphere tries to send the cold air toward the equator at the surface and sends warm air northward toward the pole at higher levels.
Source: http://www.islandnet.com/~see/weather/whys/globalwinds.htm
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Click on the link to watch an animation:
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/tlw3/eBridge/Chp29/animations/ch29/global_wind_circulation.swf
http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/wc.notes/7.circ.atm/animations/GlobalWind.html
Animation 1 Animation 2
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Earth’s Winds
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GLOBAL WINDS UNEQUAL HEATING EQUALS GLOBAL PATTERN OF AIR CIRCULATION
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LOCAL WINDS
LAND BREEZE
SEA BREEZE
MONSOON
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MONSOONS
CARRIES WARM MOIST AIR
SEASONAL WINDS
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Philippines
Northeast Monsoon (cold and wet)
Southwest Monsoon (dry)
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DOLDRUMS
CALM SURFACE WINDS AT
EQUATOR (0 degrees latitude)
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TRADE WINDSAIR MOVING BACK TO THE
EQUATOR FORMING A BELT
OF WARM, STEADY WINDS
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HORSE LATITUDES
30 degrees North and South of Equator
Warm air cools and sink; clear skies; winds are calm
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PREVAILING WESTERLIES
40-60 degrees Latitude (West to East)
Strong Winds
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POLAR EASTERLIES
COLD BUT WEAK WINDS EAST
TO WEST
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http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/global_winds/index.html
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JET STREAMS
ABOVE 12 KMS
180-350 Km/Hr
(speed)
“rivers of air"
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CLOUDS
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ODImMpGFUa4&feature=related
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http://video.about.com/weather/How-Do-Clouds-Form-.htm
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MOISTURE CONDENSES ON
SMALL PARTICLES OF
DUST/ SOLIDS IN THE AIR
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DEW POINTTEMPERATURE AT WHICH AIR
CONDENSES
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WHY RISING AIR COOLS
MOLECULES COLLIDE AND REBOUND SPEED
DECREASES
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CONDENSATIONWATER VAPOR
CHANGES INTO LIQUID
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CLOUD FORMATION
WATER VAPORCONDENSATION NUCLEILOW TEMPERATURE
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Source: http://www.vivoscuola.it/US/RSIGPP3202/umidita/lezioni/form.htm
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Why do clouds have flat bottoms?
Dew point
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Cloud droplets
Snow
Ice
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TYPES OF CLOUDS
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When warm air rises, other cooler air rushes in to take its place. The air that rushes in moves parallel to the ground. It is this moving air that we call “wind”.
Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the earth’s surface. Air that moves up and down is important in making winds. This is called a current.
Warm air near the surface of the Earth can hold more moisture than cool air above the Earth’s surface.
Water from the Earth’s lakes, oceans, land surfaces, and plants evaporates into this warmer air. Eventually, the warm moisture-filled air rises and becomes cool. Now the air can no longer hold all the moisture it had acquired when it was near the surface of the Earth. As a result, much of the water vapor in the air condenses.
Water vapor that condenses and forms clouds can fall to the Earth as rain, sleet, snow, or hail. Water that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth is called precipitation.
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Hurricanes/Typhoons/ Cyclones & Tornadoes
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A hurricane begins over warm water as a low-pressure area, or tropical disturbance.
If the tropical disturbance grows in size and strength, it becomes a tropical storm, which may then become a hurricane.
A hurricane is a tropical storm that has winds of 119 kilometers per hour or higher.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iN352idLks&feature=fvwrel How Hurricanes Form
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5iN352idLks&feature=fvwrel How Hurricanes Form
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Hurricanes/typhoons/cyclones-what’s in a name?
http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/
LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION
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HOW?
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hurricanes/typhoons and tornadoes spin COUNTER-CLOCKWISE in NORTH
H
H
H
H
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http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/28/severe.weather/index.html?hpt=T2
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/US/04/27/tornado.outbreak/index.html?hpt=T1
Experts: Severe weather across South could set tornado record
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http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110428/ts_yblog_thelookout/watch-tuscaloosas-terrifying-tornado
Yahoo video clips
Tornado Outbreak of 2011
The jet stream is the main reason for all the severe weather. The warm humid air from the south is clashing with the cool dry air coming down from Canada and where the two meet is where we find severe thunderstorms and tornadoes.
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http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/04/28/us/map-of-the-tornadoes-across-the-south.html
Including yesterday's storm, there have been a whopping 800 reports of tornadoes in April, easily surpassing April 2003's all-time record of 543 twisters.
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Tornadoes Song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iOw6ONcKk4g
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cvOut9VUqKY&feature=fvwrel
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http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_thelookout/20110428/ts_yblog_thelookout/watch-tuscaloosas-terrifying-tornado
Yahoo video clips
Tornadoes
A tornado is a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch Earth’s surface.
Tornadoes develop in low,heavy cumulonimbus clouds—the same clouds that bring thunderstorms.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Qu9wR03GVA&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VQDkmziz1n8&feature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NTjR91JC850