William Carey (1761 – 1834)

Expect great things from God,

attempt great things for God.”

The 1800’s - “The Great Century”

CHURCH HISTORY IICHURCH HISTORY IILesson 28Lesson 28

Apostolic Church

Apostolic Fathers

Church Councils

Church History

Ca. 30AD 590 AD 1517 AD

Golden Age of Church Fathers

Reformation & Counter Reformation

Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism

Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism

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Ancient Church History Medieval Church History Modern Church History

The Pre-Reformers

The First Medieval Pope

The Rise of the Holy Rom Emp

The Crusades

The Papacy in Decline

The 1800’s - “The Great Century”

Great in its results

Great in its reach

- missionary zeal & social reform

- into all the world

Great Spiritual Revivals

German Pietistic Revival – Moravians early to mid 1700’s

English Methodist Revivals – late 1730 – 1790’s

1st Great Awakening – 1720’s – 1760’s

2nd Great Awakening – 1790’s – 1840’s

The Context of the Great Century

Great growth in scientific knowledge

Great growth in technology

Great growth in transportation

Great growth in prosperity

The Context of the Great Century

Great growth in worldwide peace (1815 - 1914)

Germs/fighting diseaseSurgery-antisepsis & anethesiaChemicals to fight pestsGenetics – seed selection/breeding

Telegraph & telephoneElectricityRefrigeration – industrial usesSteam powered factories/farm equip

Steam – ships/trains

Industrial Revolution (few - very wealthy, large minority – middle class, many - very poor)

Great Modernization

The Context of the Great Century

Christianity Assaulted

Sciences

Societal Organization

Prosperity & Urbanization

Charles DarwinNietzscheComteHuxley

Karl Marx

Materialism & Sin

Colonialism is the extension of a nation’s sovereignty over territory beyond itsborders by the establishment of either settler or exploitation colonies in whichindigenous populations are directly ruled, displaced, or exterminated. Colonizingnations generally dominate the resources, labor, and markets of the colonial territory, and may also imposse socio-cultural, religious and linguistic structureson the indigenous population.

Colonization

The Context of the Great Century

1900

Religious Awakening &Modern Technology

Social Reforms

Missionary Endeavors

Christianity Challenged by Outside Threats & Unprecedented Opportunity

AmericaProhitibion against dueling

Abolition of debtor prison & general prison reform

Prohibition movements began in late 1700’sMethodist, Presbyterian, & Congregationalist1895 – Anti-Saloon League18th Amendment adopted in 1919; 1933

Abolition of Slavery1769 – Congregational churches began to preach against slavery1833 – Lane Seminary in Cincinnati became the center of an

anti-slavery movement led by students. When the admin.Prohibited the students participation, the students left for OberlinCollege.

1833 – The American Anti-Slavery SocietyMany denominations split – Wesleyan Methodist Church; Southern

Baptist Church; Presbyterian Church.

America (cont.)

UrbanizationIndustrialization & immigration caused cities to grow rapidlyCity Rescue Missions – The Water Street Mission of New York – 1872

Chicago’s Pacific Garden Mission, 1877Young Men’s Christian Association – Boston in 1851Young Women’s Christian Association – 1855The Goodwill Industries – 1900The Salvation Army – Late 1880’s

EnglandWilliam Wilberforce (1759-1833) – outlaw of the slave trade

Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885) – in 1840 worked for laws againstunfair child labor – chimney sweeps, mine work; reform of insane asylums & lodging houses.

John Howard & Elizabeth Fry worked to reform prisons

YMCA & YWCA – youth living in cities

Background

New England Experiment

John Elliot (1631) Missionary to Algonkian Indians; published a catechism in their language and translated the Bible, the firstBible to be printed in North America.

David Brainerd (1718- 1747) Missionary to Senecca & DelawareIndians. His legacy was not his strategy, but his heart for Godand a intense desire for Indians to know Christ.

Moravians – Caribbean, Far East, Africa, Greenland

French Huguenots – missionary attempts to Brazil

Dutch Colonists – church planting in Indonesia

Church Efforts1792 – The Baptist Missionary Society – Sent William Carey & the

Serampore Trio to India, Carey, Joshua Marshman, & William Ward

1799 – Church Missionary Society – Evangelical Anglican Church sent Henry Martyn to India & Persia – translation work

1810 – American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions – formed by Congregationalists and Presbyterians, Haystack Revival

1814 – Baptist Missionary Board – Adoniram Judson, Burma

England

American

Scotland1824 – Thomas Chalmers – St Andrews 7

1847 – Reformed Church of Scotland – John G. Paton, New Hebrides

1861 – Southern Presb. Church – John Latin Wilson – Congo/Zaire

1795 – London Missionary Society – David Livingstone (1813-1873), Smoke of a 1000 villages, 3 C’s: Christianity, Commerce, & Civilization, Explorer & Abolitionists

Faith Missions1865 - China Inland Mission, Hudson Taylor

1867 – 1951 – Amy Carmichael - India

Born in England, was a shoemaker who was converted around 17 years old

Later becomes a pastor and serves in 2 churches

Carey developed a deep sense of duty to take the gospel overseas

5 Common Objections Carey had to refute about Missions

Obj. #1 – No Duty to GoObj. #2 – Too Far to GoObj. #3 – What Are We Going to EatObj. #4 – Savages Will Kill UsObj. #5 – Language Barrier Too Great

Carey joined with 12 other pastors to form a Missionary Society.

Carey will leave with his wife for India. Dorothy Carey does not want to go,she will have a nervous break down and go insane before dying. She willdie in India

Baptist Deacon- “Sit down, young man.When it pleases the Lord to convert theheathen, he will do it without your helpor mine.”

Enquiry into the Obligation of Christians to Use Meansfor the Conversion of the Heathen (1792)

1. To set an infinite value on men’s souls.

2. To acquaint ourselves with the snares which hold the minds of the people.

3. To abstain from whatever deepens India’s prejudice against the gospel.

4. To watch for every chance of doing the people good.

5. To preach “Christ crucified” as the grand means of conversions.

6. To esteem and treat Indians always as our equals.

7. To guard and build up “the hosts that may be gathered.”

8. To cultivate their spiritual gifts, ever pressing upon them their missionaryobligation, since Indians only can win India for Christ.

9. To labor unceasingly in biblical translation.

10. To be instant in the nurture of personal religion.

11. To give ourselves without reserve to the Cause, “not counting even the clothes we wear our own.”

Don’t Despise Youth.

Study one’s culture and be attuned for opportunityto serve Christ.

Observations

Euro-American Christianity transitions to aWorld Christianity.