Wilga, 24.05.2007 1/32

MazePi - Extended Air Shower and GRB coincidence check via SOA

Marcin Molak

Warsaw University of Technology,Faculty of Physics

Wilga, 24.05.2007 2/32

Plan of presentation:

• Origin of UHE Cosmic Rays:– Astrophysical Sources (bottom-up

mechanisms)

– Top-down scenarios• Methods of CR Detection• MazePi system

– Maze and pre-Maze comparison

– Why SOA and WebServices?

– On-line analysis (Php + Ajax)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 3/32

Cosmic Rays

• High energy, extraterrestric particles– Primary cosmic rays

• 98% fully ionized atoms (mainly hydrogen & helium)

• <1% electrons

• <1% photons

– Secondary cosmic rays• Particles generated in the

atmosphere by primary CR

• WARNING:About 100.000 cosmic rayswill hit you until next hour

Wilga, 24.05.2007 4/32

Origin of Cosmic Rays

• „Bottom-up” models – acceleration mechanism, connected with astrophysical sources

• „Top-down” models – origin of cosmic rays through decay of sufficiently massive particles X originating from processes in the early Universe.

• Hybrid models

Wilga, 24.05.2007 5/32

Source: Neutron Stars

Pulsars and magnetars – neutron stars with surface magnetic field up to 1015 Gauss

(acceleration of charged nuclei up to 1015 eV)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 6/32

Source: Active Galactic Nuclei

Acceleration, during photo-pion production, up to 1018eV (adiabatic deceleration problem)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 7/32

Source: Fanaroff-Riley type II radio-galaxies

Acceleration in hot-spots of Fanarotf-Riley II galaxies (up to 1021 eV, no adiabatic deceleration problem)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 8/32

Other Candidate Sources

• Super massive Black Holes (~ 109 MΘ)

• Clusters of Galaxies• Colliding Galaxies• Gamma Ray Bursts

Wilga, 24.05.2007 9/32

- Lorentz factorZ – charge of the nucleusB – magnetic field valueR – linear dimension of the object

Sources - summary

Wilga, 24.05.2007 10/32

GZK Cut-off (Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin)

e cm )

p

GZK-Cutoffp+CMB p+0 (>50EeV)

-3

Wilga, 24.05.2007 11/32

Direct measurements

Ballons

Satellites

Wilga, 24.05.2007 12/32

If a charged particle in a specific medium (e.g. water) moves faster than the light in this medium a wave-front of light is emitted.

Water-Cherenkov detector

Wilga, 24.05.2007 13/32

Scintillation detectors in ground arrays for Extensive Ray Showers

Wilga, 24.05.2007 14/32

Wilga, 24.05.2007 15/32

Roland Mazé project

• Detection points would being placed on the roofs of Lódź schools.

• Each of station will be equipped with:– 4 scintillation counters

(1m2 area, 10m distance separation) with ADC

– GPS Motorola M12+ Timing with antenna

– PC-class computer

Wilga, 24.05.2007 16/32

Maze and preMaze comparison

On top: preMaze apparatus mapOn left: Map of secondary schools in Łódź

Wilga, 24.05.2007 17/32

CR and GRB coincidence check

• Few reports for correlation of cosmic rays and GRB:– Milagrito – 18 events were observed during

18 s of GRB970417a (expected background: 3.46 ± 0.11)

– HEGRA – AIROBICC – 11 events were registered during 4 min after GRB020925c (estimated background 0.93)

• We proposed MazePi system, which consists of Pi of the Sky and Roland Mazé projects

Wilga, 24.05.2007 18/32

MazePi system

MazePi DBStation 1

Station i

MazeIPJ Łódź

Main Server

SOAPClients

MazePi Server

SOAPWeb

Services

DB Trigger

TriggerBroadcast

System

Pi Server

Pi DB

PiMan

SOAPClients

…On-line analysis

Wilga, 24.05.2007 19/32

Service Oriented Architecture

Wilga, 24.05.2007 20/32

Service Oriented Architecture

• Why SOA?• Wikipedia answer:

The main drivers for SOA adoption are that it links computational resources and promotes their reuse. Enterprise architects believe that SOA can help businesses respond more quickly and cost-effectively to changing market conditions . This style of architecture promotes reuse at the macro (service) level rather than micro level (objects). It can also simplify interconnection to - and usage of - existing IT (legacy) assets.

Wilga, 24.05.2007 21/32

Web Services

• Works on heterogeneous systems (almost all machine and software platforms)

• Uses XML-based protocols:– SOAP - extensible message envelope format

for data transfer

– WSDL - allows service interfaces to be described

– UDDI - for publishing and discovering metadata about Web services

Wilga, 24.05.2007 22/32

eXtensible Markup Language

<book><authors>

<author id=“47”>John Doe</author>

<author id=“58”>Peter Pan</author></authors><title>Database systems</title><price>29</price><keywords>

<keyword>SQL</keyword><keyword>relational</keyword>

</keywords></book>

XPath/book/book/authors/book/authors/author/book/authors/author/@id(...)

book

title price

author

authors

author

keywords

keyword keyword

id=47 id=58 SQL relational

DatabaseSystems

29

John Doe Peter Pan

Wilga, 24.05.2007 23/32

MazePi AddToDatabase Service (1)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 24/32

MazePi AddToDatabase Service (2)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 25/32

MazePi AddToDatabase Service (3)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 26/32

Wilga, 24.05.2007 27/32

Wilga, 24.05.2007 28/32

Wilga, 24.05.2007 29/32

Wilga, 24.05.2007 30/32

Bibliography

• Bhattacharjee, Sigl „Origin and Propagation of Extremely High Energy Cosmic Rays”, astro-ph/9811011

• Stanev „Ultra high energy cosmic rays”, astro-ph/0411113

• Wikipedia (english version)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 31/32

Links

• „Pi of the Sky”homepage (http://grb.fuw.edu.pl)

• Roland Mazé project homepage (http://www.u.lodz.pl/~wibig/maze)

• MazePi homepage(http://mazepi.fuw.edu.pl)

• Marcin Molak – Notatnik Programisty(http://mmolak.blogspot.com)

Wilga, 24.05.2007 32/32

Thank you for your attention