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ANI MARDIASTUTI aniipb@indo.net.id

BOGOR AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY INDONESIA

WILDLIFE TRADE IN INDONESIA: Identification of Areas Vulnerable to Smuggling

Supply Side: Indonesia Big Producer of Wildlife in Trade

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Demand Side: Wildlife Trade Hotspots - ASEAN and China

Organizations Involved • Main organization: Ministry of Forestry; Forest

Regional Offices (BKSDA)

• CITES-related matters: Ministry of Forestry (Management Authority), Indonesian Science Institute/LIPI (Scientific Authority)

• Other involved institutions: Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs (MoFMA), Customs, Indonesian Police

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Vulnerable Areas: 2 red triangles, 6 yellow spots

Red Triangles : (1) Medan-Palembang-Pontianak; (2) Menado-Ambon-Sorong Yellow Spots : Surabaya, Jakarta, Denpasar, Balikpapan, Makassar, Merauke

Medan-Palembang-Pontianak Triangle

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Medan

• Specimens from Aceh and other provinces

• International airports, big seaports

• Road network to other exit points

Tiger bones

Pangolin

Pontianak

• Easy access to MY (land, sea)

• Relatively close to MY, SG; big ships can sail directly to CN and VN

• Collection point for West and Central Kalimantan

• Ketapang: another vulnerable seaport

Arwana

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Menado-Ambon-Sorong Triangle

Ambon

• Important transit points for sea transportation

• Endemic birds and butterfly: from surrounding (Seram, Buru, Aru, Kai, Tanimbar, Halmahera)

• From Ambon: to Surabaya or other countries

Suphur-crested Cockatoo

Lory

Palm Cockatoo

Birdwing Butterfly

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Surabaya • Important transit point (esp. specimens from eastern parts)

and exit point (to various countries), esp. by sea

• Control: difficult (big seaport)

Gecko

Trochus

Agarwood

Sea horses

Rat-snake

Denpasar

• Cases: mostly domestic (sea turtle for consumption and traditional ceremony)

• Confiscations in airport (souvenirs)

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Ornament

from sea

turtle shell

Nautilus

Whale teeth

Head

ornaments

(feathers)

Orangutan

skull

Specimens confiscated at Ngurah Rai Airport

Balikpapan

• Collection point for eastern part of Kalimantan (orchids, sea turtle, agarwood, pangolin)

• Some specimens are smuggled directly to MY or via Tarakan

Softshell turtle

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Merauke

• Exit points of illegal specimens (mostly from Papua) by sea

• Ships and boats bring essential foodstuff from Java, loading wildlife specimens on the way back

• May stop in other places to add specimens (Ambon)

• Ex. : agarwood, Psittacids, snakes, freshwater turtles

Agarwood

Green tree python Snake-necked turtle

Papuan tree frog

Pig-nosed turtle

Jakarta

• Mostly domestic cases (illegal ownership, illegal trade in wildlife/bird market)

• Wildlife market: vulnerable (Pramuka, Barito, Jatinegara, Kartini) protected birds, primate, other species

• Smuggling by air: decreased significantly

• Smuggling by sea still happening

• Illegal specimens from other countries (pet): varies

Radiated tortoise

Tegu

Suphur-crested Cockatoo

Alligator snapping turtle

Matamata

Boa

Indian star tortoise

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Illegal Wildlife Trade: Trends

• Smuggling by air: decreased, mostly done by sea

• Destination countries start to increase control

• Specimens: durable, by sea (frozen, dried, processed)

• Bird smuggling significantly reduced due to avian flu

and policy (provincial, national, international)

• Wildlife trade for consumption and TCM: increasing (CITES listed, non-CITES)

• Increase demand on ‘new’ non-CITES (insects,

invertebrates, plants, orchids, marine species)

Stingray

Milipede

Frog House gecko

Stag beetle

Frangipani

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Recommendations • Continuous control at the red triangle areas and

yellow spots

• Increase community awareness

• Training (patrolling, species identification, intelligent, CITES)

• Coordination with related institutions within Indonesia (Customs, Sea/airports, Police, Quarantine, MoFMA)

• Coordination with the destination countries and transit countries (e.g., ASEAN-WEN)

TERIMAKASIH Thank you