Wildlife Fundamentals
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Transcript of Wildlife Fundamentals
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Wildlife Fundamentals
Approaches to Wildlife Management:
1) Preservation (“hands off”)
2) Conservation (“use wisely”)
3) Management (“manipulate”)
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Wildlife Fundamentals
Goals of management:
1) population increase
2) population decrease
3) maintain population
4) harvest population on sustained yield basis
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“Land” to Manage
2.3 billion acres in U.S.
741 million acres in public ownership
- 336 MA = BLM
- 189 MA = USFS
- 86 MA = USFWS
- 68 MA = NPS
- 13 MA = U.S. Army
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Review of Wildlife Fundamentals
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Wildlife Fundamentals• Single-species vs. Ecosystem Mgt
• Coarse-filter vs. Fine-filter
adaptive resource management: given current scientific understanding,
1) implement mgt. strategy, but2) monitor effects and adjust
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Determine Goals&Desires of Public
UnderstandFunction &Operation of Nat. Syst.
Set Mgt Goals
Form Mgt Plan
ConsiderPolitics
ManipulateSpecies orPopulation
Manipulate Habitat
Evaluate Mgt Practices
Increase, Decrease, Stabilize Pop
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Habitat
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Habitat Quality
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Habitat
• Habitat from an evolutionary perspective• Species distribution relative to habitat dist’n• Climatic events
• Pleistocene Epoch & dist’n of modern species
• Evolutionary underpinnings
• Adaptation & Evolution for habitat
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Concept of Habitat Selection
• Wildlife perceiving correct configuration of habitat needed for survival – differences based on age/experience/chance? – hierarchy to decision process
• Niche concept (time/place/functional role) & habitat selection
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Hutchison’s n-dimensional hypervolume
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Testing the Hutchinsonian Niche Concept of Habitat Selection• James – work with birds in Arkansas…
quantified habitat relationships
• How do birds select habitat?• niche gestalt :
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Scale Dependence of Habitat Selection
Orders of Selection
Macrohabitatvs.
Microhabitat
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Habitat SelectionProximate Factors vs. Ultimate Factors
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habitat interspersion –
Leopold’s Law of Interspersion
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Managing for Biodiversity
Paradigm of Wildlife Biology & Conservation Biology
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Human-induced“heterogeneity”