Wi-Fi: the Real 4G! Brough Turner net Blazr [email protected]
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Transcript of Wi-Fi: the Real 4G! Brough Turner net Blazr [email protected]
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Wi-Fi Mobile• Local, products• Data centric• Stationary or
pedestrian speeds• Many vendors, many
market segments, billions of customers
• Ubiquitous service• Voice centric• Mobile at auto
speeds• 4-6 vendors,
~300 customers,1 application
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Wi-Fi
• Technology leadership• Off-load solution• Backhaul & fixed wireless
4 October 2010
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Spectrum history• 1920s: Primitive radio receivers– Needed to restrict who transmits
• 1927- 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing– Ensuing decades - almost all spectrum assigned– Three bands reserved for “junk” uses
• 1985: FCC authorizes spreadspectrum communications in the ISM, or “junk” bands, i.e. – 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz
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Wi-Fi History1985 FCC permits communications in “junk bands” at 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz
1988 - 1997 IEEE bodies iterate; eventually publish first 802.11 specThree alternate solutions for 1 Mbps operation with a 2 Mbps option
1999 802.11a – 54 Mbps at 5.8 GHz using OFDM modulation
1999 802.11b – 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using DSSS modulation
1999 Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) formed– Focuses on interoperability and a certification program
2001 802.11d – extends the spec for other regulatory domains (EU, Japan, etc.)
2003 802.11g – 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using OFDM modulation
2003 WECA adopts new name: Wi-Fi Alliance
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Additional highlights• 1997: FCC authorizes Unlicensed National Information
Infrastructure (U-NII) adding 200 MHz in 5 GHz band• 2003: FCC adds 255 MHz more @ 5 GHZ; total now 555 MHz• 2003-2009: Task Group n works to dramatically improve Wi-Fi
performance, in part via MIMO and Beam forming
• 2007: 802.11n draft 2 products certified by the Wi-Fi Alliance; Products shipping!• 2009: 802.11n spec approved
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74 October 2010
Wi-Fi has pioneered commercial deployment of thekey ‘4G’ wireless technologies:
OFDM, MIMO, Beamforming
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Wi-Fi Mobile• Local, products• Data centric• Stationary or
pedestrian speeds• Many vendors, many
market segments, billions of customers
• Ubiquitous service• Voice centric• Mobile at auto
speeds• 4-6 vendors,
~300 customers,1 application
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ITU’s Vision for 3G (late 90s)
Satellite
Macrocell Microcell
UrbanIn-Building
Picocell
Global
Suburban
Basic TerminalPDA Terminal
Audio/Visual Terminal
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“3G” Services• Video telephony• Location-based services• Push-to-Talk (VoIP w/o QoS)• Rich presence (instant messaging)• Fixed-mobile convergence (FMC)• IP Multimedia Services (w/ QoS)
– Video sharing (conversational video on IP)
• Converged “All IP” networks – the Vision
Limited adoption
Limited adoption
Limited adoption
Limited adoption
Bypassed !
No traction
Too late …
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The Internet is the killer platform
• Mobile Internet access drives 3G data usage
• Walled garden– too late !
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iPhone traffic
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US data traffic
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= 3.3x per year…
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Global mobile data traffic• Nearly tripled between 2Q2009 and 2Q2010
4 October 2010
Source: Ericsson, Aug 2010
2Q2009 2Q20100
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
TB/month
TB/month
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US 3G performance• Novarum Inc. (1/2010)– Measurements in
36 cities (Anaheim, …, Boston, …, Philly, …, Raleigh, …, Tempe)
– 12-2009: 1.5 Mbps down
• Doubles: ~24 months
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Increasing capacity
Operator Services
Femtocell
Wi-Fi
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Internet
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1. Add Cellsites ($$$$)2. Newer radios ($$$)3. More backhaul ($$$$)
4. Femtocells ($$)5. Wi-Fi ($)
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Femtocells: too little, too late• Primary users of 3G/4G data also have Wi-Fi– Laptops, smart phones
• Corporate IT prefers Wi-Fi they control• Consumers deploying Wi-Fi anyway– For PCs, for gaming, for home media– Pay extra to help carrier improve their network?
• Femtocell’s do have value for voice coverage!
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Public Wi-Fi• Retail business giveaway– Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail– Harvard Sq. Business Association
• Sponsorship – locations, events
• Carrier supported– e.g. Cablevision’s
Optimum Wi-Fi
By kumasawa
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Ad supported Wi-Fi • Didn’t work in 2005; working now… – Costs way down; usage and interest up
• Freerunr in UK (& NL, RS, ZA)– Splash screens, limited free periods, …
• JiWire in US – Ad platform for free Wi-Fi– Used by MS Bing nationwide Wi-Fi offer
• Sputnik in US – Ad supported model growing
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Muni Wi-Fi, take 2• Wireless broadband access networks– Dozens of US cities now succeeding
• Cities bring real estate, look to save current $– Communications for police & other city services
• Strong pressure for “free” in some form
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Wi-Fi will dominate off load• LTE network for coverage,
but most data bytes via Wi-Fi
• Operator take away: Sell ubiquitous service
any place, any time while integrating seamless Wi-Fi data offload
4 October 2010
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Backhaul / Fixed wireless
• Middle mile–Cell sites– Fixed wireless hubs
4 October 2010
• First mile− Homes and businesses
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$220 per Mbps $7 per MbpsUS Today
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How could wireless possibly help?• Limited capacity– 100 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 1 Gbps, …
• Licensed spectrum expensive– Only partially true
• Unlicensed unreliable…– Not any more!
• Wi-Fi doesn’t go far– 20-50 km! for < $500!
4 October 2010
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Wireless tipping point• MIMO makes 5 GHz more useful than
cellular or TV spectrum• Directional antennas or beam forming →
Spatial reuse → incredible density increments
• Wi-Fi leads the way–Moore’s law with existing 802.11n spec.–New specs, e.g. 802.11ac, ~ Dec 2012
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Beamforming• Select among multiple predefined antenna elements– Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless)
• Adaptive antenna arrays– Compute phase/amplitude for each antenna element– Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference
8 antenna elementsspread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz
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Commercial beamforming Wi-Fi beams, before silicon support …• Vivato (’02-’06)
– Technical success, but expensive – Connect with 11g clients up to 2 km– Vivato-to-Vivato up to 18 km
• Ruckus Wireless (today) – 12 elements – selectively switched to
two channels on 2x2 silicon– Dramatically outperforms conventional
2x2 systems
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• 11n wireless networking solutions in silicon• Founded 2006; customers include Netgear• 4x4 MIMO with beamforming
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Beamforming~2014: >300 Mbps Wi-Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices …
4x4 MIMOwith 8
antenna elements
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TVWS – Beach-front spectrum?• Ideal antenna element
separation >= ½ wavelength– 2.1 meters at 70 MHz– 21 cm at 700 MHz
• But only– 2.5 cm for 5.8 GHz Wi-Fi
Wavion Networks
D-Link DAP-2553
Ruckus Wireless
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ILEC price umbrella
• >20x markup fosters wireless bypass– Typical WISPs operating 20%-50% under
monopolist’s price umbrella
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Wireless ISPs
• > 2000 WISPs, in fast growing segment– Most use license-
exempt spectrum– Mix of
pre-WiMAX, WiMAX and, increasingly, Wi-Fi gear
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Wi-Fi for wireless broadband• WISPs already use license-exempt
spectrum• Rapidly migrating to 11n technology– Performance advantage is significant
• Dramatically lower cost– 5x or more vs WiMAX or LTE systems– Increasing reliability, similar performance
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Ubiquiti targets Wireless ISPs
Point-to-point$130-$600
Point-to-multipoint~$240 & $68
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Example Wi-Fi Pt-2-Pt LinkUbiquiti BULLET-M5-HP With 28dbi Grid Antenna 802.11n
Purchased through distribution:
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Community WISP, Inc.
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• Wireless broadband Internet access for Brevard County FL• Served from 4 locations• 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, i.e. all license-exempt spectrum• 30/10 Mbps in many areas• Expanding into Volusia and Seminole counties
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• Focused radio links– 100 Mbps; 50-200 meters per hop
• Freemium Model– Customers build our network– Premium services drive revenue
netBlazr
Radically different ISP
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Summary• 4G Wireless tipping point• Wi-Fi deploying key “4G” technologies, first !• Wi-Fi will dominate 3G/4G data offload• Wi-Fi fostering resurgence in independent ISPs
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An end run around the duopoly, the FCC and Congress
opportunity:
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Credits, References• Image credits, beyond those noted in-line…
– Office building facade: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Beek100– Laptop icon: http://www.flickr.com/photos/ichibod/– Microwave oven: http://www.flickr.com/photos/code_martial/
• Other useful references– Novarum Inc. measurements: http://www.novarum.com/publications.php
– NIST Electromagnetic Signal Attenuation in Construction Materials http://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build97/PDF/b97123.pdf
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802.11n in-the-field• Ken Biba:
– The King is Dead, Long Live the King: 802.11n dramatically improves Wi-Fi outdoors
– Real world measurements show muni Wi-Fi networks outperform WiMAX and cellular
• Tom’s Hardware– Reviews Ruckus Wireless 11n access point with beamforming,
http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/beamforming-wifi-ruckus,2390.html
• Net, net – it really works!
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In-Stat (Nov 09)
• Worldwide hotspots reach 245,000 venues in 2009• Hotspot connects increased in 2009 by 47 percent,
bringing total worldwide 1.2 billion connects• Wi-Fi handset shipments grew 50%, 2007 to 2008• Wi-Fi-enabled entertainment device (cameras,
gaming devices, and personal media players) shipments projected to increase from 108.8 million in 2009 to 177.3 million in 2013
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ABI Research (August 2009)• ABI projects 1 billion Wi-Fi chips in 2011• Global shipments of Wi-Fi-enabled cell phones
to double between 2009 and 2011– 144 million in 2009 to 300 million in 2011
• 90% of smart phones Wi-Fi capable by 2014
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2004 view of Wi-Fi market• Rampant growth
however…• Article in ‘The
Economist’ warns Wi-Fi under threat:
• WiMAX in wide area• WiMedia in home
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Enterprise design adapted for BB
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