Why will two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom come together to form water? Why do any atoms come...
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Transcript of Why will two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom come together to form water? Why do any atoms come...
Chemical Bondingand Changes
• Why will two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom come together to form water?
• Why do any atoms come together?• Is there a way to predict what elements will
come together?
Chemical Bonding
Chemical Bonds
Covalent
PolarNon Polar
Ionic Metallic
Intermolecular
Chemical Bonds
Covalent
Nonmetals
Ionic
Metal and a Nonmetal
Metallic
Metals
The Periodic Table is Arranged With Metals on the Left
Metals Mealloids Non-Metals
Stepped-Line Separates Metals and Non-metals
*
**
*
**
What type of bon will these elements form?1) Na and Cl2) C an O3) Mg and F4) H and Oxygen
Chemical Bonds
Covalent
Nonmetals
Valence Electrons
Shared
Ionic
Metal and a Nonmetal
Valence Electrons
Transferred
Metallic
Metals
Delocalized Valence
Electrons
Ionic Bonds
Bohr Diagrams
Lewis Dot Diagrams
NeArgon
Electrical Charges are like tiny magnets.
• Opposite Charges Attract ( + and - ) • Like Charges Repel ( + and + or - and - )
7
+ - + +- -
Electrostatic Force (Coulomb’s Law!)
Octet Rule
•Atoms try to attain the nearest noble gas configuration•Atoms will lose or gain electrons until their outermost valence shell is full.•Atoms with a full valence shell are stable.•Atoms essentially “want” 8 VEs
N O NeF
Full Octet
1s22s22p3
1s22s22p4
1s22s22p5
1s22s22p6
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
--
--
-
--
-
-+18
18 Electrons: -1818 Protons: +18Charge: 0
ARGON
18
ArArgon
40
1s22s22p63s23p6
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
-
-+17
17 Electrons: -1717 Protons: +17Charge: 0
Chlorine
17
ClChlorine
35.45
1s22s22p63s23p5
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
--
--
--
-
-+17
18 Electrons: -1817 Protons: +17Charge: -1
17
ClChlorine
35.45
-Chloride 1s22s22p63s23
p6
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
- -+11
11 Electrons: -1111 Protons: +11Charge: 0
11
NaSodium
23
Sodium 1s22s22p63s1
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
-+11
10 Electrons: -1011 Protons: +11Charge: +1
11
NaSodium
23
Sodium 1s22s22p63s1
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
-+10
10 Electrons: -1010 Protons: +10Charge: 0
10
NeNeon
20
Neon 1s22s22p6
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
- -+12
12 Electrons: -1212 Protons: +12Charge: 0
12
MgSodium
24.3
Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2
-
--
-- -
-
-
-
-
-+12
10 Electrons: -1012 Protons: +12Charge: +2
12
MgSodium
24.3
Magnesium 1s22s22p6
Ionic Charge
*
**
*
**
http://www.vincentsapone.com
1s0
H1+ He1s2
1s2
Li1+1s2
Be2+2s22p6
Nitride
N3-
2s22p6
Oxide
O2-
2s22p6
Fluoride
F1- Ne2s22p6
2s22p6
Na1+2s22p6
Mg2+2s22p6
Al3+3s23p6
Phosphide
P3-
3s23p6
Sulfide
S2-
3s23p6
Chloride
Cl1- Ar3s23p6
3s23p6
K1+3s23p6
Ca2+3s23p6
Sc+33s23p6
Ti+4V2+
V3+
V4+
V5+
Cr2+
Cr3+
Mn2+
Mn3+
Mn4+
Mn6+
Mn7+
4s03p6
Fe2+4s03d7
Co2+4s03d8
Ni2+
4s03d10
Cu1+3d10
Zn2+4s24p6
Selenide
Se2-
4s24p6
Bromide
Br1- Kr4s24p64s03p5
Fe3+4s03d6
Co3+4s03d9
Cu2+
4s24p6
Rb1+4s24p6
Sr2+5s04d10
Ag1+4d10
Cd2+
4d105s2
Sn2+ 5s25p6
Iodide
I1- Xe5s25p64d10
Sn4+
5s25p6
Cs1+5s25p6
Ba2+6s04f145d10
Au+14f145d10
Hg2+
4f145d106s2
Pb2+ 4f145d106s2
Bi3+ Rn6s26p65d10
Sn4+
Ions
•Atom that has lost or gained electrons•Metals lose electrons and form positive ions.•Nonmetals gain electrons and form negative ions.•Cations are positive ions.•Anions are negative ions.
Cats have paws Cations are pawsitive
Anion look like Onion Onions make you cry
Ionic Bonds
Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron
[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron
Ionic Bonds
Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron
[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron
[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine
Ionic Bonds
Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron
[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron
[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine
[4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-).
+ -
Ionic Bonds
Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron
[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron
[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine
[4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-).
+ -
Na+ Cl-[5] The sodium ion will combine with the Chloride ion because opposites attract
Electrostatic Force!
Ionic Bonds
Na Cl[1] Sodium wants to lose an electron
[2] Chlorine wants to gain an electron
[3] Sodium’s valence electron is transferred to chlorine
[4] Sodium becomes a cation (+) and chlorine becomes an anion (-).
+ -
Na+ Cl-[5] The sodium ion will combine with the Chloride ion because opposites attract
Electrostatic Force!
Ionic Bond
Ionic Bonds
•Valence electrons are transferred.•metal and nonmetal•Metals lose electrons (cations = + charge)•Nonmetals gain electrons (anions = - charge).•Electrostatic attraction of cations and anions.
Ionic Bonds
Li F
• What happens here?• Look at the periodic table and
predict another ionic bond
Assignment
• List six cations and six anions• Draw an Illustration of an ionic bond forming between Potassium and
Fluorine.• Draw an Illustration of an ionic bond forming between Magnesium
and Chlorine• Draw an illustration of an ionic bond forming between Calcium and
Oxygen• Explain the pictures/memes on the following four slides in your
notebook.
Image 1
Image 2
Image 3
Image 4
Identify some Anions and Cations
Cations• Li+
• Na+
• K+
• Rb+
• Be2+
• Mg2+
• Al3+
Anions• F-
• Cl-
• Br-
• Rb-
• S2-
• Se2-
• P3-