Why the Middle East Is Economically Underdeveloped Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation...

7/30/2019 Why the Middle East Is Economically Underdeveloped Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation BY TIMUR KURAN

1/51


2/51

www.minbaralhurriyya.org

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by

any means without the prior permission of Minbaralhurriyya Team.


3/51

www.arab-csr.org

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by

any means without the prior permission of Arab Center for Scientific Research

and Humane Studies Team.


4/51

1

::

Why the Middle East Is Economically

Underdeveloped: Historical Mechanisms

of Institutional Stagnation

Timur Kuran


5/51

2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

) (


6/51

3

. )1:

2)

3(

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


7/51

4

.

.

.

.

.

. )(

.

1000

.

661 )


8/51

5

( .

.

1000 .

.

1000.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


9/51

6

)1970 1996).

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


10/51

7

.

)1966]1973]).

.

.

)1979).

:(

.)

.

.

1]].

.


11/51

8

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

(

1964 11-131990).


12/51

9

.

.

.

.

.

.

) ( .

.

.

) 2000

2001.(


13/51

10

:

. .

. )1974124))

( .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


14/51


15/51

12

. )

) .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


16/51

13

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


17/51

14

.

.

.

.

) .1983214-221239-240).

.

) 1993.(

.

.

)2001876-883).

.

. 1200


18/51

15

.

1453

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


19/51

16

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. .


20/51

17

..

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.


21/51

18

1000 .

.

.

. .

.

.

.

(2003.(

.

.


22/51

19

.

. 1000

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


23/51

20

. .

.

)1976).

.

) 198914-2172-75

1983118-25 2001 .(

.

.

.

) (


24/51

21

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


25/51

22

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

) ) )2001.(

.


26/51

23

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


27/51

24

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

:

]1945[1840(

94-110.(


28/51

25

:

. )(

.

.

.

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


29/51

26

1876

)199413-6 20024

1989 (

.

.

)1971.(

.

.

.

.

.


30/51

27

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

. ) (

.

.

.


31/51

28

) -- 1999).

.

.

) -- 1998.(

.

.

.

)


32/51

29

2003 1999).

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


33/51

30

.

. .

.

.

.

.

) 19996 19842.(

.

.

.


34/51

31

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

)2004).

.


35/51

32

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


36/51

33

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


37/51

34

.

.

[2].

.

) 1996 1983.(

.

.

.

.

.

.


38/51

35

. .

.

.

(1990

520005-7.(

.

.

.

.

.


39/51

36

.

.

) ).

.

.

)

( 7.12003 3.1

) 2003.(

.

.

.


40/51

37

. .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

)


41/51

38

1922-1923)

.

[3].

.

.

.

.

.


42/51

39

.

.

.

:

.

)19952004).

. :

.

.

.


43/51

40

.

) (.

-

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


44/51

41

.

.

.

18

3)2004(:71-90.


45/51

42

.1982. .:

.

.2002. 1300-1650:.:

.

.1971. :

. : .

.1993. 1800-1914.:.

..

.1994.: 1300-1600

1300-1914.

.: :9-410.

.1990. :-

. .:

:11-30.


46/51

43

-.2000. .

:.

- .2001. :

. .

::27-67.

.1983.: .

: .

.1945]1840]. .

.: ..

.1976. :

.1800-1200 ..

.: :177-91.

.1995. :

. :.


47/51


48/51

45

..1999. :. :

.

.2000. ( ).

:.

.1989. .

:.

..1964. .:

.

.1989. : .:

.

.1997.: .

.1:153:41-71.

.2001. :

. . 4:35

:841-97.


49/51

46

.2003. :

.

.

3:63414-46.

.2004. :

..2:33:

475-515.

.2004. : .

: .

.1996. .

: .

-- . .1998.

. . 6:106.:1113-115.

-- . .1999. . .1:15:

222-79.


50/51

47

.1999. .

.

5:77:1635-739.

.2003. 2003.:

org/cpi/2003/http://www.transparency.

.1990. .

: .

..1974.:

. : . .

.1983. .

:.

.1970. .

: .

.1979.:

.

. :

:255-73.


51/51

[1] )20001-4(

.

.

) (

1000 .

[2]

)1982()1993).

[3] )1997).

Why the Middle East Is Economically Underdeveloped Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation...

Documents

Transcript of Why the Middle East Is Economically Underdeveloped Historical Mechanisms of Institutional Stagnation...