Why sustainable biofuels? Challenges and opportunities · 2009-03-16 · now TIME. New fuel supply...
Transcript of Why sustainable biofuels? Challenges and opportunities · 2009-03-16 · now TIME. New fuel supply...
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Why sustainable biofuels?Challenges and opportunities
Challenge:Fuel price and availability
Challenge:Greenhouse gas emissions
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Source: 2008 average annual oil price forecasts as of Sept 2008 (Global Insight, EIA) and June 2008 (Moody’s, IATA)
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Pursuing alternative fuels initiativesThe industry is pursuing different alternative fuels initiatives to address these challenges…and that’s ok!
CAAFI
Sustainable Aviation Fuel Users Group
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Focus on SustainabilityAre all biofuels equal? What are the best and worst sources?
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Sustainability considers: environmental, economic and social impacts
Lower CO2 lifecycleNo CO2
removed
CO2removed
Does not compete with food or promote
Petroleum-based fuel Plant-based fuel
Does not compete with food or promote deforestation
Promotes local and regional solutions and economies
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Commercial efforts underway viaSustainable Aviation Fuel User Group
GOAL: To help speed the creation of a viable market mechanism for sustainable biofuels.
Members are:
Driving commercial viability requirements Sustainability principle and monitoring in placeTechnology/agronomy in placeFuel processing technology in placeViable feedstock and processing developers in placeViable feedstock and processing developers in place
Using the power of their fuel spending dollars to ensure sustainability is a real requirement in the development of future aviation fuels
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Ensuring a sustainable approach to aviation biofuels
The user’s group pledges to consider only renewable fuel sources that –
require minimal land, water and energy to produce gy p
minimize biodiversity impacts don’t complete with food or
fresh water resourcesfresh water resources provide socioeconomic value
to local communities in cultivation and harvest ofcultivation and harvest of feedstocks
Group agrees to link with Roundtable on Sustainable
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Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels Process
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Viable and sustainable feedstock alternatives
AlgaeJatropha
Halophytes CamelinaCamelinaHalophytes CamelinaCamelina
COPYRIGHT © 2009 THE BOEING COMPANYViability is based on timing, technology and local resources
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Commercially ViableyThe business case for sustainable aviation fuel
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Fossil Fuels mature
Long term trajectory of cost is importantFossil Fuels – mature technology chasing finite & diminishing supply.
CO
ST
Biofuels – emerging technology driving renewable & increasingdriving renewable & increasing supply
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TIMEnow
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New fuel supply models increase aviation fuel supplies
Fossil Fuel Model Sustainable Fuel Model
Integrated Oil
ProductionSustainableBiofuel Production
Individual Airline Fuel Demand
Individual Airline Fuel Demand
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Scale of biofuel production allows for new opportunities for air carriers
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Aviation is uniquely structured to maximize benefits of sustainable biofuels
AviationRoad Transport AviationRoad Transport
Tens of thousands
Hundreds of millions of
Several hundred fueling stations
20,000 vehicles
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thousands fueling stations
millions of vehicles
fueling stations (airports)
vehicles
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Technical and Fuel Requirements
Sustainable biofuels must provide near-term replacement solution
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Sustainable biofuels work in existing aviation infrastructure
Meets fuel performance requirements
Requires NO change to Requires NO change to airplanes or engines
Requires NO change to infrastructure
Can be mixed or alternated with Jet-A fuelalternated with Jet-A fuel
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Sustainable biofuels can exceed current jet fuel specification
Freezing point Elastomeric compatibility
Fuel requirements:
g pHigh temperature thermal stabilityEnergy densityStorage stability
Must be a replacement solutionMeet ASTM fuel specs Have a low CO2 footprint
Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene (SPK) from a bio-derived source*
PropertyJet fuel
specification Bio-SPK performanceASTM Test
Method
Bio-jet A Bio-jet A1
Fluidityy
Freezing point, degrees Celsius max-40 Jet A
-47 Jet A1 -63 -69D 5972, D 7153,
D 7154, or D 2386
Combustion
Net heat of combustion MJ/kg min 42 8 44 4 43 2D 4529, D 3338,
or D 4809
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Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg min 42.8 44.4 43.2 or D 4809
Nearly 4% more energy content
23 degrees C lower freeze point
* Data provided by UOP
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Achieving the GoalgDriving a viable market for sustainable aviation biofuels
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Sustainable biofuels can follow a similar adoption curve to wind energy
140140
100
120
gy u
sed Point of Market Viability
100
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60
80
mou
nt o
f ene
rg
60
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nergy used
20
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20
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1998 2002 2006 2010 20160
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2000 2004 2008 2012 2016
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Technology matured; financial markets became comfortable with investing
* Notional data
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Accelerating fuel certificationCurrent
specificationAmended
specification
Amendment to include high-performing
D1655
sustainable biofuels
D1655
New specification will include high
performingperforming biofuels
Boeing is working to achieve certification of bio-spk fuels by 2010 by: Increasing airline participation in ASTM di ti fli ht d hi h t f d t
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coordinating flight demos, which generate performance dataWriting the technical fuel certification report which supports near term certification
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Successful flight test program demonstratedbiofuel viability Demonstrated technical feasibility Identified sustainable biofuel sources Promoted development of viable commercial marketsPromoted development of viable commercial markets Demonstrated diverse engine / airframe combinations
20%Coconut &Babassu
Feb 2008
50%Jatropha
Dec 2008
50%Algae & Jatropha
J 2009
50%Camelina,
Jatropha & Algae
J 2009
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Feb 2008 Dec 2008 Jan 2009 Jan 2009
Increasing level of test objectives
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Focus areas in commercial scale production
Gaps in critical market drivers are being addressed by Sustainable Aviation Fuel Users Group
120
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0
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60
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1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008
transparent sustainability verification
Commercial scale
production projects
End-use by airlinesairlines
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Driving development of viable feedstocks
Sponsoring feedstock feasibility studies on jatropha, algae, halophytes
Connecting feedstock projects with financial itcommunity
Working with industry and NGOs to support sustainable feedstocks through public policysustainable feedstocks through public policy
Co-foundedAlgal Biomass OrganizationAlgal Biomass OrganizationSustainable Aviation Fuel Users Group
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