Why should medical students be interested in EPIDEMIOLOGY? Very basic concepts.
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Transcript of Why should medical students be interested in EPIDEMIOLOGY? Very basic concepts.
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Why should medical students be interested in
EPIDEMIOLOGY?
Very basic concepts
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What is EPIDEMIOLOGY?Epidemiology is the study of the distribution a
nd determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations, and the application of this study to control of health problems.
Last ed. Dictionary of Epidemiology
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But can you imagine what is epidemiology like in clinical practiceby reading definition?
Let's see some examples
First, I will show you observational data of mortality.
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Mortality in Area A and Area B
Area A Area B
dead/population
500/10,000 1000/10,000
mortality 5% 10%
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If you categorize the populations by age and compare mortality of Area A
with that of Area B
area A area B
age<60dead/
population
500/10,000 250/5,000
mortality 5% 5%
60=<agedead/
population
0/0 750/5,000
mortality - 15%
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The factors should be taken into consideration when you look at the data.
age sex race year of birth .
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Answer
CDC revised classification system for HIV (AIDS) infection in 1993
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Next example subjects:
smokers: 1000 non smokers: 1000 of same age range, sex ratio
status of lung cancer for 5 years were observed.
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Results in 5 years
smokersnon
smokers
lung cancer/ 1,000
50/1,000 10/1,000
morbidity 5% 1%
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If the sample size of both group is not 1,000, but
100.
smokersnot
smokers
lung cancer/ total
5/100 1/100
morbidity 5% 1%
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Next example
lung cancer healthy
alcohol intake yes/
no71/29 52/48
yes/no ratio 2.45 1.08
p=0.006 by Chi-square test
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Non-smokers
lung cancer healthy
alcohol intake yes/
no8/22 16/44
yes/no ratio 0.36 0.36
p=1.0 by Chi-square test
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Smokers
lung cancer healthy
alcohol intake yes/
no63/7 36/4
yes/no ratio 9 9
p=1.0 by Chi-square test
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Why should medical students beinterested in
EPIDEMIOLOGY?
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Welcome to the world of Epidemiology