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Writing a Killer SAT EssayClements, Tom.HOW TO WRITE A KILLER SAT ESSAY. Moraga: TC Tutoring, 2011. Print.

Why prepare and study exemplars?Originality is nothing but judicious imitation.VoltaireGood artists borrow, great artists steal.PicassoI think conscious, deliberate imitation of a piece of prose one admires can be good training, a means toward finding ones own voice as a writer.Ursula Le GuinAll writers stand on the shoulders of other writers.Jon Carroll, San Francisco Chronicle columnistKiller SAT Essay: Two Pages of Terrifying White SpaceFacts about the SAT Essay

It will be the first section on your test.You will receive a score from 0 to 12.Two scorers each assign your essay a score from 1 to 6, with 6 being the highest possible score, and these scores are then combined.You must write on the assigned topic. If you write on another topic, you will receive a score of zero. DO NOT WRITE ON ANOTHER TOPIC.The essay will count for 30% of your total SAT Writing score. (The other 70% are M.C. questions on grammar, improving sentences, etc.).

Readers Who are These People?Know your audienceTeachers both high school & college, typically English and History teachersPaid by the hours & invited back based on the # scored in an hourNo more than 2 minutes is spent assessing your essayGraded holistically FAQs

1. Is it better to print or write in cursive?Whatever is more legible; although CollegeBoard says it really doesnt matter, neatness counts. Write as neatly and clearly as you can.2. Should I skip lines, or should I write on every line?Single space. You only have two pages on which to write your essay, so dont risk running out of room.3. Will the length of my essay affect my score?According to a 2005 analysis of a graded sample of SAT essays conducted by an MIT professor, the longer the essay, the higher the score. Granted, this is just a correlation; you must have strong, specific content, but write as much high quality content as you can.

FAQ continued4. Should I write in pen or pencil?Pencil. You get no credit if you write in pen. Also, it must be a #2 old school pencil (no mechanical pencils).5. Will the readers give me any credit for the outline and notes I write on page 2?No. The readers will read only what youve written within the lined pages of your student response sheet.

6. Should I prepare a standard essay in advance and tweak it to fit the topic?No. You must write on the assigned topic. If you write off-topic, you will receive a score of zero.

7. Is it better to use personal examples, or examples from literature, history, etc.?It doesnt matter. The key is that your examples must support the position you take; if an example doesnt further your argument, it is worthless.How much time do I have?

The essay comes at the beginning of the Writing section, and youll have 25 minutes to do the following:

read the prompt brainstorm your ideas plan your essay write your essay proofread

This may sound like a lot to accomplish in the allotted time, but the readers know the time limitation, so theyre not expecting a perfect essay. Instead, theyre expecting a quality first draft. 7What is the key to doing well on the essay?

There are two keys to doing well on the SAT Essay: the right attitude and the right method.

Attitude: If you think of the essay as an ordeal, as yet another hoop that you have to jump through, it will be hard to do your best, no matter how well you write. Instead, think of it as an opportunity to be expressive as opposed to the rest of the test, where you are answering multiple choice questions.

Method: Accomplished writers often talk about the importance of method. Stream-of-consciousness may be an interesting literary technique, but its not such a great way to write an essay. Its best to use some organization techniques. Those will follow.8SAT Essay: The PromptKiller SAT Essay: The PromptYou will be given a quote. Youll then be asked to answer a question about the quote. To answer this question, you must state your position and then support this position with varied and specific examples.Examples can come from your personal experience, literature, history, current events, and/or popular culture. Two readers will each give your essay a score from 1 to 6, so your total sub-score can range from 2 to 12.If you dont write on the assigned topic, no matter how brilliant your ideas are, youll receive a zero from both scorers.Directions: Consider carefully the following excerpt and the assignment below it. The plan and write an essay that explains your ideas as persuasively as possible. Keep in mind that the support you provideboth reasons and exampleswill help make your view convincing to the reader.

A popular song says, You dont know what you got til its gone. And Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel, accepting the Nobel Prize, said No one is as capable of gratitude as one who has emerged from the kingdom of night.

Assignment: What is your view of the claim that we often appreciate the things that we have not when we gain them but when we lose them? In an essay, support your position by discussing an example (or examples) from literature, the arts, science and technology, current events, or your own experience or observation.A Sample PromptKiller SAT Essay: Know the ScoreTwo people score it, each out of 6, based on overall impression. (Holistic Score)Your scores are added together to give you a number out of 12.Grammar/Spelling/Conventions, Support, Organization/Structure, and Style count (so does handwriting)Keep in mind: Theyre reading THOUSANDS of essays make it easy to give you a 12!.How Its Graded11There is no real markup of your work. The reader gains an overall impression from reading your essay and scores it based on that impression.There are no numbers of spelling, grammar or punctuation errors that translate into a specific score.No single aspect of the essay can be the determining factor in the overall score.IN SHORT ITS APRETTY SUBJECTIVE PROCESSHow Its Graded What Is Not DoneEssay Scoring Development and SupportDevelopment and Support refers to the writers ability to respond to the question in the prompt and follow through with her ideas. This is the most crucial partan essay that doesnt develop and support ideas will not score well.

Development and Support include:

how fully the essay responds to the prompt. the essays sense of completeness. the essays focus on the issue and avoidance of fillerextra words or sentences that do not contribute to the essay. the quality and sufficiency of examples supporting the writers position. the depth of critical thinking and reasoning.13Essay ScoringOrganizationOrganization relates to the writers ability to organize her ideas effectively.

Organization includes:

the order of sentences and paragraphs. the use of effective transitions. the flow of ideas from the essays introduction to its body through to its conclusion. 14Essay ScoringLanguageLanguage relates to the writers ability to correctly use a variety of words.

Language includes:

how accurately words and phrases communicate the authors ideas. how well the author varies word choice. the level of vocabulary the author displays.15Essay ScoringSentence StructureSentence Structure relates to the writers ability to correctly and appropriately use a variety of sentence structures.

Sentence Structure includes:

how well the author uses a variety of sentence types that are correctly punctuated. how well and often the author varies sentence structure in meaningful and purposeful ways.16Essay ScoringConventionsConventions relate to the authors ability to write error-free sentences.

Conventions include:

how correctly the author uses punctuation (commas, apostrophes, periods, colons, etc.). the authors correctness in grammar and mechanics (subject-verb agreement, verb tense, subject-pronoun agreement, etc.).17Essay Scoring Overall ScoreThe essays are scored holisticallywhich means that the final score is based on an overall impression. Essay readers wont keep track of your errors or assign a subscore for each writing element to determine your final score.

The best plan is to make your essay as good as possible according to all five scoring elements. However, holistic scoring means that an outstanding job in one of the elements, such as language, may make the scorer somewhat more lenient if you make several mistakes with another element, such as conventions.

To get the best score possible, you want not only to improve in your weak suits as a writer, but also to take advantage of your strong suits.18The SAT Scoring GuideSee PDF on our class website under the LA Links tab

Pay attention to key descriptors from the rubric. For example:

A Score of 6A 6 is outstanding and demonstrates clear and consistent mastery. A typical 6:effectively and insightfully develops a point of view[and uses] clearly appropriate examplesand other evidence to support its position [responds to prompt persuasively and provides specific supporting examples]is well organized and clearly focused, demonstratingsmooth progression of ideas [organized and uses transitions between sentences, paragraphs, and ideas][uses] a varied, accurate, and apt vocabularymeaningful variety in sentence structurefree of most errors in grammar, usage, and mechanicsA Score of 4A 4 is competent and demonstrates adequate mastery. A typical 4:develops a point of view on the issue and uses adequate examples, reasons, and other evidence to support its positionis generally organized and focused and demonstrates someprogression of ideasexhibits adequate but inconsistentuse of language and uses generally appropriate vocabularysome variety of sentence structuresome errors in grammar, usage, and mechanicsA Score of 2A 2 is seriously limited and demonstrates little mastery. Additionally, its flawed by ONE OR MORE of the following weaknesses:develops a point of view that is vague or seriously limited and provides inappropriate or insufficient examplesto support its positionis poorly organizedor demonstrates serious problems with coherence or progression of ideasUses very limited vocabulary or incorrect word choicefrequent problems in sentence structurecontains errors in grammarso serious that meaning is somewhat obscuredTable TalkWhat do you think are the most important ingredients to a successful double-digit SAT essay?Why?LengthStructureAppropriate Examples/ SupportThe 3 Things You NeedLength is important. Use most of the booklet!Consider your audience. Catch their attention right off the back.Establish a structure - 5 paragraphs, a clear thesis, thesis reminders in each , & transitions throughoutDepth is better than breadth. Make sure to develop your ideas at length. Dont just list a whole bunch without support.Dont worry about accuracy; they dont have time to fact-check!

Writing the Way They WantMake sure you stay on topic You need to agree or disagree, and its okay to do either as long as you are EMPHATIC!!!Address the prompt directly so that the reader knows youre answering it.Use the PromptDirections: Consider carefully the following excerpt and the assignment below it. The plan and write an essay that explains your ideas as persuasively as possible. Keep in mind that the support you provideboth reasons and exampleswill help make your view convincing to the reader.

A popular song says, You dont know what you got til its gone. And Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel, accepting the Nobel Prize, said No one is as capable of gratitude as one who has emerged from the kingdom of night.

Assignment: What is your view of the claim that we often appreciate the things that we have not when we gain them but when we lose them? In an essay, support your position by discussing an example (or examples) from history, literature, the arts, science and technology, current events, or your own experience or observation.A Sample PromptIf you love the Five Paragraph Essay youre in luckIntroTopic Sentence/Example 1Topic Sentence/Example 2Topic Sentence/Example 3ConclusionEverything has to tie back to the intro.

Structure Building BlocksStructure Building BlocksSample Essay What do you notice?15 minutes to read individuallyMake a table with 3 columns

Table Talk share the strengths you see in the essay

IntroductionBody Conclusion3 strengths5 strengths3 strengthsYou need to do four things:State your positionInterpret the promptReveal the road mapThis one is just as important as the other 3: Establish the level of proficiency of your writingYour Intro ParagraphIt is totally true that sometimes failure teaches us. Life is full of situations where if we would just learn from our mistakes, we would do better.Not So GoodA famous proverb proclaims: If at first you dont succeed, try, try again. This profound advice suggests failure is inevitable before success. Thomas Edison, for example, experimented with over 100 types of metal filaments before finally settling on Tungsten for the electric light. His success, in other words, did not come overnight. It resulted from persistence and hard work. Which illustrates, every advance involves some loss or sacrifice. This concept is illustrated throughout history, literature, and personal experience.Good IntroIntroduction Building BlocksThe introduction of the essay sets the scene with a broad, general statement, which is followed by a well-known quote that supplies context to the prompt.Most people in America, if not the world, would agree that every advance involves some sacrifice. In fact, a common sports adage proclaims: No pain, no gain.The second-to-the-last sentence of the introduction defines the topic. This is your thesis statement and is the central point around which your essay revolves.In other words, progress is always accompanied by a certain amount of loss.Introduction Building BlocksThe last sentence of the introduction acts as a transition to prepare the reader for the body paragraphs that follow.This concept is illustrated throughout history and literature, and personal experience.

Begin each paragraph with a topic sentence that also works as a transition sentence.Make sure it connects back to your position (thesis) in your intro use thesis remindersUse only one example per paragraphBody ParagraphsBody ParagraphsEach body paragraph starts with a transition sentence that recaps the topic.One compelling illustration exemplifying some bad always accompanies some good is demonstrated in the Civil Rights movement.The theme that every advance involves some loss is also demonstrated in Nathaniel Hawthornes novel, The Scarlet Letter.A final illustration showing progress always involves a loss occurred in my own personal experience building houses in Mexico with my church group.

You must make sure that you develop your ideas if you want to score well.Spend two or three sentences explaining the example - add commentary showing depth of thinking/analysis.Use three or four sentences to connect the example to your position.Then move on to the next paragraph!Depth is the key!!!Body Paragraphs - SupportEach body paragraph supplies supporting details for the topic sentence.In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white personThe protagonist, Hester Prynne, is charged with adultery and is forced to wear a scarlet letter A embroidered on her dressAt first, I was appalled at the extent of the poverty around me and longed to return home to enjoy the rest of my summer lounging by the swimming pool.These tell your reader that you are moving from one idea or from one section of the text to another.Its like holding their handA final illustration exemplifying (blank) isThis effort was very successful. Not everyone, however, was so lucky.While beneficial to some, the new program will harm others.TransitionsHoweverWhileAlthoughFurthermoreDespiteIn additionTo illustrateTo further exemplifyThereforeThoughMoreoverSimilarlyAnother (example, reason, point, etc.)Transition WordsMake sure you have one!Again, youre not going to gain too many points here, but you can lose them.It should be around three sentences.Wrap up your idea and leave the reader thinking about the brilliant lesson on life that you have just pointed out.

ConclusionConclusionThe conclusion starts with a transition sentence recapping the topic.As seen in these historic, literary and personal experience examples, every advance is accompanied by inevitable suffering. The conclusion closes the sale with a general statement and a quote from an apparent authority that has some broad relevance to the topic.This notion is particularly relevant to our lives today for the world is undergoing change at an alarming rate. As Franklin D. Roosevelt once said, You may be disappointed if you fail, but you are doomed if you dont try.Key Points about PromptsThese building blocks apply, in some degree or other, to every SAT essay. How?The trick is to understand that although every prompt appears different, they are all fundamentally the same. Prompts are generic, involving issues that lend themselves to different and invariably conflicting points of view.Emphasize the dramatic elements inherent in the subject matter.Add DRAMA as shown in the examples shownKey Points about PromptsNo matter what the prompt appears to say, you can address it using prefabricated content examples that interweave three basic motifs:Overcoming obstaclesMeeting challengesAchieving progress either individual, social, or both

Perhaps we can all learn from the loss of others and start to truly appreciate the wondrous gifts that life has bestowed upon us now, before it is too late.Life is too short to live with the regret caused by the failure to do something that is within the grasp of each of us.Although it seems that appreciating what we have only once weve lost it is a prime example of 20/20 hindsight, perhaps the pain of our past losses can sharpen our focus so that we can truly cherish what we have today.How Cheesy Can I Be?Dont use big words just to sound smart; you wont help yourself. Just use the best word that you can think of.Make sure to vary your sentence structure, but dont worry about making every sentence long and complicated remember, they have to read THOUSANDS of essays!Make it look pretty indented paragraphs, even margins, neat handwriting, etc.Odds and EndsThese are the bread and butter of your essay. You MUST have them!Make them accessible and understandable for the reader.Tie them to your position and the prompt.You can pick them out beforehand Seriously.Try to use three examples from three different categories.Examples Are CrucialThey should be events that are taught in almost every high school in the US.Think of events with universal themes things you can say a lot about.Examples: The Holocaust, The Civil Rights Movement, WWII, The Revolutionary War, The Civil War, etc.Examples: HistoryAnything that has been in the news lately will qualify here:Syria, Obamacare, The Economy etc.Examples: the US Election, the Winter Olympics in SochiExamples: Current EventsStick to the Classics. If youve read it in your high school English class, its fine.Dont spend too much time explaining the plot; focus on the themes.Examples: To Kill A Mockingbird, Lord of the Flies, Things Fall Apart, Of Mice and MenExamples: LiteratureYou can make these up!How are they ever going to know if youre telling a true story or not?Try not to go too far overboard thoughJust make sure to relate your experience to the prompt.

Examples: Personal ExperienceHow to Write an Essay in 25 MinutesThe following slides will take you through what you should be doing during each minute of the 25 youre allotted to write the SAT Essay.

HERES A SAMPLE PROMPTSAT Essay: Sample Prompt

If we rest, we rust. This statement is certainly true; inactivity and lack of exertion over time can cause our skills to deteriorate through disuse. In fact, people who have ceased practicing an activity for a long period and who attempt to take it up again frequently are thwarted in doing so because of the decline of their skills.Do you think that rest has a detrimental effect on us and that we must keep active to avoid losing our edge? Plan and write an essay in which you explain your position on this issue. You may use examples from history, literature, popular culture, current events, or personal experience to support your position.Minute One: Analyze the PromptIf we rest, we rust. This statement is certainly true; inactivity and lack of exertion over time can cause our skills to deteriorate through disuse. In fact, people who have ceased practicing an activity for a long period and who attempt to take it up again frequently are thwarted in doing so because of the decline of their skills.Do you think that rest has a detrimental effect on us and that we must keep active to avoid losing our edge? Plan and write an essay in which you explain your position on this issue. You may use examples from history, literature, popular culture, current events, or personal experience to support your position.Ask yourself: what exactly is this prompt asking me to do? Underline the question(s) and given task(s): Do you think that rest has a detrimental effect on us and that we must keep active to avoid losing our edge? Plan and write an essay in which you explain your position on this issue.

Minute Two: BrainstormBrainstorm potential examples you could use that are connected to the prompt: Do you think that rest has a detrimental effect on us and that we must keep active to avoid losing our edge?

Personal experience: example #1: rest is necessary to avoid injury: stay active with running, swimming, etc. but rest is necessary to improve and to avoid injury (overtrained for half marathon: injured) [opposes prompt]; example #2: rest is necessary to avoid mental burnout as well: took graduate classes for 6 years in a row, and although I did well, the classes became more about the credits and less about actual learning. Similarly, consider senioritis with students, and how ready they are for a break from schooling. [opposes prompt]Brainstorming continuedCurrent events: Literature: TKAM - Atticus took action & stood for what he believed inHistory: WWII we tried to wait to enter the war; as a result, many lives were lost. Arms Race if we rest in the arms race, our country will become vulnerable to othersSports and activities: even professional athletesthe most well-conditioned human beings in the worldrequire rest to avoid injury, and they still get hurt. Consider the short professional life of an NFL runningback for example, and how few games are played in an NFL season (in fact, current event: players opposing the proposal of adding games to the season). [opposes prompt]The arts:Science and technology: consider current society and its rapid technological growth; the concept of the singularity where technological growth has become exponential, increasing at an increasing rate. Ray Kurzweils theory that well reach a point in only a few decades where technological advancement is so significant that it changes the way our society functions. [favors prompt]

Minute Three: Take a Stand (Write your Thesis)Look at your evidence and decide what position you are going to take in response to the prompt; will you support it or oppose it? Keep in mind that what you personally believe is much less important than what your strongest and most specific evidence supports. Choose the position that will allow you to write the best essay.Write your thesis: respond to the prompts question by stating your position clearly and succinctly; the entirety of your essay should then support this statement. Avoid I believe that phrasingif this is the way you think of your thesis, simply take that beginning phrase out before you write the final version.

Minute Three: Take a Stand (Write your Thesis)[supports prompt] If we rest, we rust: inactivity and lack of exertion lead to loss of vitality and to decay.[opposes prompt] If we rest, we do not rust: our times of rest enable us to restore our mental and physical energy and to gain perspective on our lives.[opposes prompt] Staying mentally and physically active is crucial to our health, but rest does not cause us to rust; in fact, calculated rest can allow us to achieve at our greatest potential, avoid injury and burnout, and thus give us an edge over those who would avoid rest.

Minute Four: Outline Bullet PointYour goal is to produce a four or five paragraph essay that includes a brief introduction with a clear thesis, two or three body paragraphs that support the thesis with specific examples, and a conclusion that restates your thesis.Your most important job in this essay is to prove your writing competence, not to demonstrate your original literary style; show the readers that you know how to write an introduction with a clear thesis, at least three body paragraphs with supporting examples, and a conclusion.Minute Four: Outline contdI. INTRODUCTION: State your overall thesisIf we rest, we rust: inactivity and lack of exertion get in the way of progress and lead to the loss of vitality and to decay.II. BODY PARAGRAPH #1Topic Sentence: State the supporting point of your first body paragraph: We have to keep moving to keep up with others and to avoid falling behind. This is as true for industries as for individuals. Examples: Provide specific examples that support your argument. Be as detailed and specific as possible; give names, places, events. A. U.S. auto industrys decline: GM vs. Honda; B. Outmoded technology: pay phones, cassettesIII. BODY #2 (rinse and repeat)IV. BODY #3: Write a third Body ONLY if you have time to write your Conclusion.IV. CONCLUSIONRecap: Summarize your argument, restating your main points (1 sentence).Expand your position: apply your argument on a broader, universal level. So what? How does this apply to everyone?

Minutes Five to 17: Write!Remember: write neatly but efficiently since your time is limited. If you need to delete something, you can cross it out rather than taking the time to erase it, without penalty.Minute 18: Reality CheckYou should have been writing for 12 minutes straight, and you only have seven left. If youre barely through your first body paragraph, then you should abandon the idea of writing three body paragraphs. Instead, go for your intro, two body, and a conclusion.Minute 19 to 22: Wrap It UpFinish whichever body paragraph youve been working on (should be second or third body), and bring your essay to a close.Minute 23: Read React - ReviseAlthough you cant read your essay out loud, read it to yourself (this is one of those times when its okay to listen to that voice in your head). Do the ideas and the sentences flow into the next? If they dont, add transition words (therefore, however, nevertheless, similarly).Is a key example missing? Add it.Does any sentence or word seem out of place? Delete it.Do recognize, however, that if your outline was good, your content should be good. Dont try to do too much here.Minute 24: Proofread/EditThink of yourself as an editor. Look over your essay for any run-ons, other grammatical issues, or spelling errors. Correct them. Remember that you can cross things out that you want deleted, rather than erasing them.Minute 25: Reword, Reread, Relax.Look over your word choices: are there any verbs that could be made stronger or more active? Any adjectives that could be made stronger or more precise? Any vague words for which you can come up with more precise synonyms? For example:Instead of keep our skills from going bad we could say keep our skills from deterioratingInstead of not important we could say insignificantAgain, dont do too much; simply replace a few words with stronger, more precise, or higher level vocabulary. And DO NOT attempt to use a word whose meaning you do not know.Relax and breathe for the 10 to 15 seconds that you have left.