Why it’s important: the food we eat, materials we use, and all matter can be classified by these...
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Transcript of Why it’s important: the food we eat, materials we use, and all matter can be classified by these...
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ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS & MIXTURES
Why it’s important: the food we eat, materials we use, and all matter can be classified by these terms
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Atoms Matter is made up of very small
particles – atoms
(Different kinds of matter contain different kinds of atoms)
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Elements
Basic building blocks of matter Contain only one type of atom
Example: Gold only contains gold atoms (symbol is Au)
Example: Diamonds only contain _______ atoms (symbol is C)
carbon
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Elements continued
Unique set of properties
Classified as: Metals Nonmetals Metalloids
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Metals
Examples: copper (Cu), Gold (Au), Metallic luster Good conductors – heat & electricity Solid at room temp. (except mercury) Malleable (bent and pounded into
various shapes) Ductile (drawn into wires w/o breaking) Most of the elements are metals
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Nonmetals
Examples: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen Dull in appearance Poor conductors – heat & electricity Many gases at room temp Solids are brittle Not malleable More than 97% of your body is made of
nonmetals
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Metalloids
Characteristics of metals and nonmetals
Solid at room temp Some shiny Many are conductors (not as good as
metals) Found between metals and
nonmetals on periodic table Silicon- used to make electronic
circuits in computers and tv
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Compounds Turn to Vocabulary in back of science
notebook Vocabulary Word
Substance Listen to the following sentence Elements such as a bar of gold or a sheet of
aluminum, are substances. Based on the sentence what do you think the
word substance means?
SubstanceI think it means:Definition: Matter of the same composition and
properties ; general term
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Compounds
What do you call the colorless liquid that flows from the kitchen faucet? Water
H2O Compound
What do you think it means? Definition: Substance where smallest units are
atoms of more than one element bonded together Give an example
H2O2?
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Compounds:
flip back to note section & write
Compounds have formulas
H2O Formula (elements & # of atoms of each
element)
subscript (tells you # of atoms of that element that are present)
Cannot be easily separated
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EXAMPLES H2O (water): 2 Hydrogen atoms, 1
oxygen atom CO2 (carbon dioxide): CO (carbon monoxide): O2 (oxygen): 2 oxygen atoms O3 (ozone): 2 H2O: 2 molecules of H2O for a
total of : H= O= No matter the quantity of the
compound the formula always remains the same.
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Mixtures Examples: blood, bucket of sand and
water, salad, salad dressing, chocolate chip cookie, strawberry ice cream, orange juice
Turn to Vocabulary section Mixtures:
write what you think it means (try to use the word substance in your definition)
example
Definition: 2 or more substances (elements or compounds) come together but don’t combine to make a new substance
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Mixturesflip back to note section
Mixtures Examples: add 3 or 4 2 or more substance come together
(no new substance)
Proportions of substances in a mixture can be changed without changing the identity of the mixture What does that mean?
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Mixture Examples: write down Air
Mixture of nitrogen, oxygen & other gases
Vary at different times and places It is still air
Mix of sand & water Add more sand and you still have a
mixture of sand and water
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Separating Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated Examples of ways you can separate
mixtures Liquids
Add water to a mixture of sand and sugar Heat Sieves or filters
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Homework: List 3 examples of compounds (cannot be
any given in class) List 3 examples of mixtures (cannot be
any given in class) Definition & 3 examples of the following
Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
What type of mixture is sometimes difficult to distinguish from a compound and why?
Was your breakfast a compound, homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture? Explain.