Why it’s Important to Improve CPO Quality?

➢Palm Oil-Where it Goes?

➢Creating Value in the Supply Chain

➢Market Challenges & EU Regulations

➢3 MCPD Esters & GE-Contaminants

➢Source of Chlorine Contamination

➢Why the CPO quality segregation is necessary?

➢CPO washing trial results

➢Special Quality Grade CPO Specs

➢Why Palm Oil Mills must go back to basics?

Presentation Outline

Palm Oil-Where it goes?

FOOD & NON FOOD

70:30

Creating Value in the Supply Chain

Market Challenges & EU Regulations

Foodstuff-Usage of Vegetable Oils & Fats 3 MCPD Ester Maximum Level (PPM)

GE Expressed as Glycidol Maximum Level (PPM)

Vegetable Oils & Fats for Food or Ingredients 2.50 (Palm oil/Fish Oil)1.25 (Soft Oils/others)

1.0

Vegetable Oils & Fats for Baby Food & Cereal Based Food 0.75 0.5

Infant Formulae Intended for Infants & Young Children (Powder) 0.125 0.05

Infant Formulae Intended for Infants & Young Children (Liquid ) 0.015 0.006

3-MCPDE & GE Contaminants

✓ When EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) & JECFA (Joint Expert Committee on Food

Additives) reports on 3-MCPDE (Monochloropropanediol Ester) & GE (Glycidyl Esters)

surfaced, it became a marketing challenge for the down stream players.

3 MCPD Ester Levels in Vegetable Oils

11/02/2020 © Alfa Laval Presentation Title goes here Slide 6

11/02/2020 © Alfa Laval Presentation Title goes here Slide 7

Glycidol Ester Levels in Vegetable Oils

Contaminants

➢3 MCPD Esters & GE are not present in palm oil but

they are contaminants.

➢ The precursors to these contaminants are picked up in the supply chain i.e. plantation →milling →refining

What are the Precursors to 3 MCPD Esters & Glycidol Esters?

✓ Chlorine in CPO

✓ High Temperature

✓Acidic Environment

3 MCPD Esters Glycidol Esters

✓ Diacylglycerol (correlates to FFA)

✓ High FFA in CPO

✓ High Temperature

*Source: MPOB

Chlorine Contaminant-Plantation

Chlorine is soluble and the source could be from chloride based fertilizers in the plantation which could run off to the nearby streams and rivers.

Source of Chlorine Contamination at the MillFFB

Sterilizer

Thresher

Digester

Press

Screen

Clarifier

Purifier

Dryer

Storage

Steam

Steam

Crude oil

tank

Water

Cl- up to 10 ppm

Cl-20-25 ppm

Cl-Up to 10 ppm

Cl- 5-10 ppm

Cl-Up to 10 ppm

Sterilizer Condensate

EFB Pressed Liquor

Cl-30 ppm

Cl-Up to 10 ppm

Source: Tradewinds (2016) & Ng et al (2017) & MPOB (2018)

EFB Extracted Oil Residue Mixed in CPO Processing

Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) EFB Screw Press EFB Oil Residue

Recommended to recover the oil separately and store in a separate tank

DO NOT MIX WITH CPO

Sterilizer Condensate used as dilution in CPO processing

Sterilizer Vessel Sterilizer Condensate Screened & Used as Dilution Water

Recommended to recover the oil separately and store in a separate tank

DO NOT MIX WITH CPO

14

What is known today on 3 MCPD Esters & Glycidol Esters

• What we know today

✓ main precursors for 3‐MCPD Esters & GE are known

✓ mechanisms' of 3‐MCPD & GE formation (mostly) understood

✓ various solutions to reduce or limit 3‐MCPD & GE formation

✓ official analytical methods validated and published(AOCS)

✓ scientificopinion of EFSA about toxicity released inApril 2016

✓ -EU regulations came into force on the 19 March 2018

✓ -standards for 3 MCPDE & GE already established in Codex in 2019.

✓ -3‐MCPDE &GE cannot be ignored anymore

We should fight any attempt to ban palm oil from food!

Infant Food

Food

Personal care

Oleochemicals

Biodiesel

Palm Oil

Objective parameters

FFA < 3.0% ?

DOBI > 2.8?

Chlorine < 2 ppm?

Good CPO Quality Needed for Food Processing

(Segregate Based on CPO Quality)

15

Source: Mackellens, Mosta 2019

16

CPO Washing Trial Results

Name of sample Total Chlorine (ppm)

Sterilizer condensate 2.566 (± 0.267)

Empty fruit bunch 4.588 (± 0.128)

Sludge oil 1.958 (± 0.059)

Source of Chlorine from the milling sector

Name of sample Total Chlorine (ppm)

Before purifier (CPO) 6.917 (± 0.235)

Oil filter after purifier 1.298 (± 0.026)0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

before washing after washing

Total Chorine level (ppm) in CPO

Results from industrial trial (ii):

Washing of CPO

Reduction of 81.2%6.917

1.298

Trial Results of CPO Washing at the POM

Source: MPOB

Chlorine levels in Secondary oils & CPO

Total Chorine level (ppm) in CPO

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

before washing after washing

12.09

1.60

Reduction of 86.8%

Level of 3-MCPDE & GE (ppm) in Refined Palm Oil

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

3-MCPDE GE GE-PostRefining

POo PS

1,005

7,328

1,8721,53

0,796

FractionationRefining

Mitigation of 3-MCPDE and GE Using Physical Refining

Source: MPOB

Chemical refining produces palm

oil products with low 3-MCPDE and GE

Mitigation of 3-MCPDE and GE Using Chemical Refining

Source: MPOB

Trials by desmet ballestra

Lab Scale Trial Results by DeSmet Ballestra

No

.Parameters *Standard CPO

1 FFA 5% max

2Moisture and

Impurities0.25% max

3 DOBI 2.31 min

4Phosphorus

(P) (max)--

5 Iron (Fe) (max) --

6Chlorine (Cl)

(max)2.0 ppm*

No. ParametersRefined Palm Oil &

Fractions

1 3-MCPD Esters2. 5 ppm –Jan 2021

1.25 ppm –Jan 2022

2 Glycidol Ester (GE) 1.0 ppm- Jan 2021

*Effective 1/7/2020 for import & export CPO

New Specifications for CPO in Malaysia

CPO Producers-You Need to Differentiate!

➢ Gradually differentiate your CPO with different grades for

different applications.

➢You could command a premium if you leverage on your quality.

➢Do not be bullied by this commodity !

No. Parameters *Standard CPO

1 FFA 3% max

2Moisture and

Impurities0.25% max

3 DOBI 2.80 min

4Phosphorus (P)

(max)10.0 max

5 Iron (Fe) (max) 5.0 max

6Chlorine (Cl)

(max)2.0 ppm*

Proposed-Special Quality Specifications for CPO

Industry Must Go Back to BasicsCPO Produced must be Safe for Human Consumption

✓High Quality CPO

✓Good Manufacturing Practice

✓Good Hygiene

✓Transparency

✓Traceability

✓Segregate EFB and Sterilizer Condensate Residue for non food

(Supply Bio-Fuel Industry)

Thank You