Why is research important Propose theories Test theories Increase understanding Improve teaching and...
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Transcript of Why is research important Propose theories Test theories Increase understanding Improve teaching and...
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Why is research important
• Propose theories• Test theories• Increase understanding• Improve teaching and learning
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Why is it important for you?
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Two Schools of Research
Qualitative Quantitative
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Skim and consider
• Purpose• Kinds of data collected• How data were collected• How data were analyzed
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Qualitative v. QuantitativeQualitativeHypothesis generatingNaturalisticConcept developmentEvolving approachSpeculativeDescriptive dataSmall, nonrepresentative sampleProcess/how, whyInductiveNot generalizable
QuantitativeHypothesis testingExperimentalTheory testingStructured ProcessDetailed & specificQuantitative dataLarge, random samplesOutcomes/whatDeductiveGeneralizable
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Historical Perspective
• Quantitative• 60’s brought social change and a change of
questions from WHAT to HOW AND WHY• Mixed methods
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Common questions
• Generalizable• Subjective• Observer Effect• Reliable• Scientific (Empirical)• Can both methods be used together• Valid• Which is better
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5 basic categories
Phenomenology• How one or more individuals understand a
phenomenon• Looking at something through the eyes of
those being observed
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Ethnography• “culture” of a group of people• Community is important
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Case study• Detailed account of one or more special cases
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Grounded theory• Generating a theory • Grounded on observational evidence
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Historical Research• Understand events that have already occurred
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Action Research
• Can be qualitative/quantitative/mixed• Undertaken by individuals for their own,
personal use• Improve one’s teaching, leadership, address a
specific local concern• Focus on an individual, classroom, school,
district
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Qualitative or Quantitative
• This study examines changes in the public schools’ legal responsibilities regarding students with disabilities over the past 50 years.
• This study involved a group of teachers investigating ways to determine strategies to engage their students in math.
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Q or Q
• This study was conducted to determine whether the Acme Interest Test provided similar results to the Acne Interest Test.
• This study divided fifth grade students in a school into two groups at random and compared the results of two methods of conflict resolution on students’ aggressive behavior.
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Q or Q
• This study administered a questionnaire to determine how social studies teachers felt about teaching world history to fifth graders.
• Likert-type scale 1 2 3 4 5• Open-ended question
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When is Qualitative Research Appropriate?
• Theory development• Complexities and processes• Identify variables• Why something works or not• Looking at informal/unstructured linkages and
processes in organizations• Studying new phenomena
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Disadvantages of Qualitative Res.
• Requires practice and training to be an observer
• Takes time, costly, difficult to replicate• Field notes are lengthy and difficult to
interpret• Observer may be biased• Difficult to write down everything• Active participation decreases validity
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Advantages of Qualitative Res.
• Provides a complete picture of the environment being studied
• May provide a longitudinal perspective• Leads to new insights and hypotheses• Hypotheses are grounded in a naturalistic
setting• Less likely for researcher to overlook
phenomena that do not “fit” expectations
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Get a taste• Asked of undergraduate seniors and MAT
students looking for initial certification:
• Overall at this point in your education, do you believe your college mathematics and science courses have contributed to your preparation as a teacher? What has influenced this belief?
• Review answers and come up with generalizations that you can back up!
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Closure
• Flow of the research classes• Difference between qualitative and
quantitative methodologies• Concerns with qualitative methods• Idea of what kinds of questions can be
answered qualitatively• Feel for qualitative research