Why is Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health so … is Aquaculture and Aquatic ... 16-18 November...

Why is Aquaculture and Aquatic

OIE Workshop for Aquatic Animal Focal Points Dubrovnik, Croatia

16-18 November 2010

Animal Health so Important?

Barry Hill

President OIE Aquatic Animal Health Standards Commission

Aquaculture has been experiencing a boom since the mid-1970s, sustaining an average annual growth rate of around 9% until a recent slight fall back. Today it continues to expand in almost all world regions.world regions.

The greatest proportion of global aquaculture production comes from the Asia-Pacific region -currently almost 90%, with about 62 % originating from China alone.

A detailed analysis of aquaculture production and wild capture fisheries is published every and wild capture fisheries is published every 2 years by FAO.

SOFIA 2010 (FAO) is in press, due out early 2011 but some of the production data was presented at:

Global Conference on Aquaculture, Phuket, Thailand 21-26 September 2010

Presentations are available to download from:

http://www.enaca.org/modules/aqua2010/presentations.php

Full publication of proceedings expected February 2011

From: Imtiaz Ahmad and Rohana Subasinghe, Global Aquaculture Development: a comprehensive analysis.Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, 22-25 September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

Aquaculture: global trends

Fastest growing food producing sector in the world: accounts for over 50% of global fish production

Trends: intensification (new systems) & diversification (new species) � sustainable & organic aquaculture

(source: www.fao.org)

(new species) � sustainable & organic aquaculture

Fish has always been a “global” commodity

Fish trade is increasing: approaching € 100 billion in 2008

70,000,000

80,000,000

90,000,000

100,000,000

Developing countriesor areas

Developed countriesor areas

World fish trade: export value- in 1000 US$ (FAO) -

0

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006

developing

developed

From: Laszlo Varadi, Regional Review: Europe.Presented at the Global Conference on Aquaculture, 22-25 September 2010, Phuket, Thailand

Examples of aquaculture growth for certain speciescertain species

Salmon farmingSalmon farming

Growth in salmon productionGrowth in salmon production

1.5

2

2.5million

MTAquacultureproduction

wild salmonproduction

0

0.5

1

1950

1955

1960

1965

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Sea bass and sea bream farmingSea bass and sea bream farming

Shrimp farmingShrimp farming

Growth in shrimp production

4

5

6

7m

illi

on

MT

Shrimp Aquaculture

Shrimp Capture

0

1

2

3

1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

mil

lio

n M

T

The growth of aquaculture for high value species (sea bass, sea bream, salmon, shrimp) has had an important impact on international fish trade and the export economies of some countriescountries

In recent years, species of lower value (tilapia and pangasius catfish) have also entered successfully into the international trade

Pangasius catfish in Vietnam as an exampleas an example

Vietnam aquaculture production

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

Pro

duction (

tons)

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

97' 98' 99' 00' 01' 02' 03' 04' 05' 06'

Pro

duction (

tons)

Year

Vietnam seafood exporting value

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

Valu

e (

1,0

00U

SD

)

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

97' 98' 99' 00' 01' 02' 03' 04' 05' 06'

Valu

e (

1,0

00U

SD

)

Year

From: Nguyen Huu Dzung, Vietnam Pangasius and World Markets

The EU is by far the world’s biggest importer of fish, seafood and aquaculture products.of fish, seafood and aquaculture products.

Key messagesKey messages

Globally, consumer demand for fish continues to climb, especially in affluent, developed nations.

Currently, freshwater and marine capture fisheries produce 95 million tonnes in total annually, of which 60 million tonnes is destined for human consumption. 60 million tonnes is destined for human consumption.

Since 1980, consumption of fish produced by aquaculture has increased from 9% to 46% of total fish consumption. More than 50 million tonnes of aquaculture products, worth over US$63 billion, are eaten each year.

FAO estimates that because of the world’s increasing human population an additional 37 million tonnes of aquatic food will be required by 2030 - just to maintain aquatic food will be required by 2030 - just to maintain current levels of per-capita consumption. The only option for meeting future demand for fish is by farming them.

However, infectious diseases are causing major production losses on farms and even having a significant impact on some even having a significant impact on some national economies

In many countries, the rapid increase in aquaculture output has been based on species diversification which has led to an increase in the demand for introduction and has led to an increase in the demand for introduction and transfers of live non-indigenous aquatic animals, some of which have introduced new diseases with them.

Although local pathogens, inadequate farm-management, environmental factors and poor water quality continue to be the most common causes of disease outbreaks in aquaculture, pathogen incursions disease outbreaks in aquaculture, pathogen incursions due to international transfers of live aquaculture animals (and some aquaculture products) is a major underlying reason for new disease outbreaks.

Some examples of international spread of aquatic animal diseases

White spot disease in shrimp was spread to 22 countries via international trade in post-larvae (and products?)products?)

Taura syndrome to Asia from Americas via live shrimp transfers (species more resistant to white spot disease)

Gyrodactylus salaris to Norway from Sweden via live juvenile salmon for stock enhancement


First cases of Sleeping Disease of trout in UK linked with imported trout fillets

First outbreak of VHS of trout in the UK linked with First outbreak of VHS of trout in the UK linked with imported rainbow trout for processing.

European sheatfish virus to Finland via live farmed sheatfish imports

First cases of SVC in Switzerland, USA, Denmark linked with koi carp imports


Koi herpes virus disease via to many countries via international trade in koi carp .

Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) to Chile from ??

Outbreaks of ISA in Chile since 2007 have had a devastating impact on the salmon farming industry, causing a massive reduction in production and in export volumes.

Economic losses of many $100 millions.

High numbers of farms closed and large numbers of job losses.

Will take years to recover.

A national disaster.

The most dramatic examples of major epizootics

caused by international trade in aquaculture animals are the viral diseases of farmed shrimp, animals are the viral diseases of farmed shrimp, particularly White Spot Disease (WSD).

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT DISEASE OF SHRIMP

China (1993): US$ >400 million lost

Thailand (1996): US$ >500 million lost

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT DISEASE OF SHRIMP

Ecuador (1999) US$ >280 million lost

Ecuador (2000) US$ >575 million lost

* All farms affected* All farms affected

* Production area of 175,000 hectares halved

* >500,000 jobs lost

* Presidential decree of State of emergency issued

* National Stability Fund used

ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WHITE SPOT DISEASE OF SHRIMP

Peru (Aug 99 - Apr 00) : US$ 100 million lost

* Exports down from US$50m. to US$3m. * Exports down from US$50m. to US$3m.

* Production area fell from 3500 to 500 hectares

* Banks restricting finance because of high risk

Why such spread ?

International trade in live shrimp (post-larvae)

$$$ !!

Hawaii

Global Transfers of Live Shrimp

Tahiti

Is pagasius catfish farming also at risk from disease incursion causing the next from disease incursion causing the next

big production collapse?

The OIE standards and guidance in the Aquatic Code and Aquatic Manual aim to

reduce such risks

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

Why is Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health so … is Aquaculture and Aquatic ... 16-18 November...

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