Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?
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Transcript of Why do we use mice to conduct medical experiments?
Why do we use mice to conduct
medical experiments?
DNA and GenesChapter 11
DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Polymer of repeating units of nucleotides
Simple sugar (deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous base
Adenine (A) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) Thymine (T)
Structure Two strands of
nucleotides held together by nitrogenous bases
Weak hydrogen bonds
Adenine always pairs with thymine
Guanine always pairs with cytosine
Double helix
Replication Enzyme breaks hydrogen bond between
bases DNA “unzips” Each side of original DNA strand becomes
a template strand for complementary strand to form on
Free floating nucleotides attach to their base pair by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases and covalent bonds between sugar and phosphate groups
Interesting facts about DNA If you unwrap the DNA from all your cells
and stretched it out-it would reach to the moon 6000 times
A chromosome can have between 50 million and 250 million base pairs
The average gene is between 10,000 to 15,000 bases long
Humans have 20,000 to 25,000 genes It takes about 8 hours for one of your cells
to copy it’s DNA
Build a DNA molecule Use your materials and follow the
instructions to complete your DNA molecule
From DNA to Protein It is the job of the cell to make proteins These proteins from complex, 3D shapes
that become structures and enzymes Proteins are polymers of amino acids
RNA Nucleic acid Single stranded Sugar is ribose (DNA-deoxyribose) Uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) in DNA-forms
base pair with adenine (A) The actual worker that builds the protein Three types
mRNA-messenger rRNA-ribosomal tRNA-transfer
Transcription A RNA copy is
made of a segment of DNA
mRNA forms complementary sequence
Leaves nucleus to enter cytoplasm
Codon A group of three nitrogenous bases of
mRNA that code for one amino acid
Codon chart on page 292
Translation Process of
converting mRNA information into a sequence of amino acids to from proteins
Takes place at the ribosomes (made up of rRNA)
tRNA brings a specific amino acid to the ribosome
Anticodon forms base pair with codon
MiniLab 11.1 on page 293A B C D E
DNA Base Sequence
Process mRNA Codon
Process tRNAAnticodon
Amino Acid
AATGGGATAAAAGTT
LINCS DNA replication Codon Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transcription Transfer RNA Translation