Why Do we fall ill?Why Do we fall ill?

What is Health

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Factors for good health• To keep good health one must keep personal

hygiene • And one must live in a clean and hygienic

environment , for that effective sanitation ,proper disposal of garbage and domestic waste is necessary .

• Personal health therefore is linked to the community health

• Community health plays an important role in disease prevention efforts in both the developing world

Personal and community Health

•There are various factors which influence the health of individual .•These factors lie both within then in the individual and also in the society in which he or she lives

•The internal factors are mainly the genetically makeup of person

•External factors lie in the environment to which he or she is living

Factors affecting community Health • Maintaining proper hygienic and sanitary

conditions of the environment• Providing good socio-economic conditions • Providing healthcare services • Imparting health education and promoting

public awareness • Providing proper facilities for preventing

diseases

Diseases and their causes

• Dis- ease is a condition that impairs the proper functioning of the body or one of it’s part . OR

• Any deviation from normal functioning or state of complete physical or mental well being

• . Lack of ease; uneasiness • Disease is the leading medical term. Disorder

mean much the same, with perhaps some slight reference to an irregularity of the system.

Differences between being disease-free and healthy

Disease - free• It is a condition of

any kind of body discomforts

• It depends on the person

Healthy• Being healthy is a

state of complete physical ,mental and social well being

• It depends on the person ,his physical surroundings , the society and also his or her economic status

What is a Symptom?

• Any subjective evidence of disease. A symptom is a phenomenon that is experienced by an individual. Anxiety, lower back pain, and fatigue are all symptoms. They are sensations only the patient can perceive. In contrast, a sign is objective evidence of disease. A bloody nose is a sign. It is evident to the patient, doctor, nurse, and other observers

What does a disease look like

• A doctor always asks about the symptoms from the patient in order to know about the disease . Signs and symptoms only indicate that a person is suffering from disease . But the symptoms help doctor to diagnose the disease . The doctor may also get the urine , stool and blood test done in order to know exactly what disease the person is suffering from

What is the Difference Between an Acute Disease and a Chronic Disease

• An acute disease lasts for just a short time, but can begin rapidly and have intense symptoms

• In contrast, a chronic disease produces symptoms for quite some time, lasting for three months or more. A chronic disease is persistent. It lasts for a long period of time and may recur

Difference between Chronic and acute Acute• Acute disease last for

a short time • Such diseases do not

cause any major effect on our general health

• A person suffering from an acute disease recovers completely after cure

• Since acute disease last for a short time they do not lead to loss of weight or fatigue

Chronic• Chronic disease last

for a very long time • Such diseases have a

bad effect on our general health and may lead to poor health

• A person suffering from a chronic disease generally does not recover completely

• Since chronic disease last for a long time ,they leads to the loss of weight or fatigue

What are factors that cause disease

• Intrinsic factors When the disease causing factors exist with in the body itself and have not reached the body from outside or external source ,they are said to be the intrinsic factors

• They may be genetically , hormonal , Metabolic disorders, organ or system failure ,immune system malfunctioning, allergy , and so on

Classification of disease

• Congenital diseases These are inborn disease which are present since birth. They are caused either due to genetic and chromosomal abnormalities or due to metabolic disorder or malfunctioning of system e.g. colorblindness ,thalassemia

• Acquired disease The diseases which are acquires during one’s lifetime i.e. after birth .

Acquired diseases are of two type

• Communicable diseases• Non- Communicable diseases

Communicable diseases• Infectious pathologies are usually qualified as

contagious diseases (also called communicable diseases) due to their potentiality of transmission from one person or species to another.Transmission of an infectious disease may occur through one or more of diverse pathways including physical contact with infected individuals. These infecting agents may also be transmitted through liquids, food, body fluids, contaminated objects, airborne inhalation.

Non-communicable disease• A non-communicable disease or NCD is

a disease which is not infectious. Such diseases may result from genetic or lifestyle factors. A Non-communicable Disease is an illness that is caused by something other than a pathogen. It might result from hereditary factors, improper diet, smoking, or other factors Those resulting from lifestyle factors are sometimes called diseases of affluence.

Some common diseases and their causes

CAUSE DISEASE

VIRUS POLIO,INFLUENJA,SMALLPOX,HERPES,DENGUE,MEASLES,RABIES,AIDS,

BACTERIA TUBERCULOSIS,PNEUMONIA,TETNUS, DIOARRHOEA , DIPTHERIA,TYPHOID,ACNE,CHOLERA ,SYPHILLIS

FUNGI FOOD POISONING , RINGWORM , CANDIDIASIS, ATHLET’S FOO

PROTOZOA MALARIA , KALA-AZAR , SLEEPING SICKNESS , AMOEBIC DYSENTERY , GIRADIASIS

WORMS FILARIASIS,ELEPHANTIATIS, ASCARIES,

The immune system

• Most of the microorganisms that surround us do not cause illness. This is in part due to their lack of specific genetic information that would allow them to cause us harm, but is mostly due to their inability to circumvent the powerful immune systems that most humans and animals have. The ability to infect a human or animal requires a significant number of genes (called virulence factors) that help the microbe attach to its victim and combat the immune system of the host.

Immunization• Immunization, or immunisation, is the process by

which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent (known as the immunogen).

• When an immune system is exposed to molecules that are foreign to the body (non-self), it will orchestrate an immune response, but it can also develop the ability to quickly respond to a subsequent encounter (through immunological memory). This is a function of the adaptive immune system. Therefore, by exposing an animal to an immunogen in a controlled way, their body can learn to protect itself: this is called active immunisation.

• Vaccines may be dead or inactivated organisms or purified products derived from them. While most vaccines are created using inactivated or attenuated compounds from micro-organisms, synthetic vaccines are composed mainly or wholly of synthetic peptides, carbohydrates or antigens.

• The immune system recognizes vaccine agents as foreign, destroys them, and 'remembers' them. When the virulent version of an agent comes along the body recognises the protein coat on the virus, and thus is prepared to respond, by neutralizing the target agent before it can enter cells, and by recognizing and destroying infected cells before that agent can multiply to vast numbers.