Why do diet deficiencies occur? Major Diet-Deficiency Diseases Common in ELDCs...
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Transcript of Why do diet deficiencies occur? Major Diet-Deficiency Diseases Common in ELDCs...
Why do diet deficiencies occur?
Why do diet deficiencies occur?
Major Diet-Deficiency Diseases Common in ELDC’s
Type Disease Symptoms Distribution Treatment
Proteindeficiency
Kwashiorkor
Retarded growth, apathy and swollen stomach, skin rashes. Deadly if untreated.
Africa, S.E Asia
High-Protein fluids, well balanced diet.
Marasmus Severe starvation in combination with lack of proteins. Wasting of tissue.
Africa, S.E Asia
Breast-milk, cereals, fats, oils;immediate treatment.
Vitamindeficiency
Beri-beri Vitamin B deficiency, wasting of limbs, nervous disorders, skin sores, heart failure.
S.E Asia Vitamin B-rich foods, well-balanced diet.
Rickets Vitamin D deficiency, bone deformity of legs, pelvis and spine.
S.E Asia Diet of calcium-rich food and vitamin D.
KwashiorkorClinical Manifestations:A. Diagnostic Signs
1. Edema2. Muscle wasting3. Psychomotor
changesB. Common Signs
1. Hair changes2. Diffuse
depigmentation of skin
3. Moonface4. Anemia
C. Occasional Signs:1. Flaky-paint rash2. Noma3. Hepatomegaly4. Associated
Laboratory:1. Decreased serum
albumin2. EEG abnormalities3. Iron & folic acid
deficiencies4. Liver biopsy fatty or
fibrosis may occur
What are the symptoms?
• Swollen stomach• Reddish
discolouration of hair• Miserable
appearance with ‘moonface’
• Pigmentation loss in skin
• Retarded growth• Loss of muscle mass
KwashiorkorBetween 1-3 yrs oldCause/origin:Very low proteinIn places where
starchy foods are main staple
Never exclusively dietary*
Kwashiorkor
Where does kwashiorkor occur?
• ELDCs• Africa, e.g.
Sudan, Ethiopia and Mozambique
• S.E Asia
EMDCs
ELDCs
What is Kwashiorkor?
• Condition resulting from inadequate protein/food intake
• It occurs in children that have been weaned as diet is replaced by a diet of starches/carbohydrates
• It occurs most commonly in areas of famine, limited food supply, and low levels of education, which can lead to inadequate knowledge of proper diet
• It is a result of extreme poverty!
What are the treatments?
• Adequate diet – with carbohydrate, fat (10% of total calories), and protein (12 percent of total calories) will prevent kwashiorkor
How can it be controlled?
• Improve food supply
• Develop new crops
• Improve technology
• Educate people on balanced diets
Who helps to combat the disease?
• International organisations and aid agencies
• WHO• Oxfam• Save the Children
Fund
Save the Children Fund• In Ethiopia they have
provided food aid• Organised relief
flights to get food to the areas with the greatest need
• Set up education programmes for villagers to encourage them to grow vitamin rich foods to supplement a staple diet of maize