Why did the Industrial Revolution(an event that changed the world completely)begin in rural England?• This may not seem like such a hard question

today, but if you go back in time to before it happened, and you were a betting person,you wouldn’t put your money on England, of all places.

This is a simple cause chart

effect

It’s something you use when you wonder whysomething happened the way it did….

You make the thing that happened the ‘effect’ and back up, searching for causes

cause cause cause

Do you remember these terms, defining types of causes?

the proximate causethe ultimate cause

effect

-Every ‘effect’ has a proximate cause that is easy to detect

-But usually there is a longer chain of cause-and-effect that leads back to an ultimate cause

cause cause cause

Remember Guns, Germs & Steel?

the proximate causethe ultimate cause

Europeans

dominated others

Jared Diamond asked the question, “Why did Europeans come to dominate the world?” …and he tracked back causes –through all those effects ofthe Agricultural Revolution– until he was asking:

“Why did they learn to farm first?”

Answer: They had better geography

They were smarter and had better weapons

They advanced faster because they farmed sooner

They had bettergeography

Sahara Desert

This was the geography of the world just as humans were learning to farm…. …If you were about to jump onto this planet at this time, where would you want to live?

Sahara Desert

EURASIA

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHERN AFRICA

AUSTRALIA

Horse Race of Civilization: Who will discover Industrialization first?

EUROPE

MIDDLE EAST

INDIA

CHINA

EUROPE

MIDDLE EAST

INDIA

CHINA

1420

CHINA

INDIA

MIDDLE EAST

EUROPE

Horse Race of Civilization: Who will discover Industrialization first?>> 1420

EUROPE

MIDDLE EAST

INDIA

CHINA

1420

EUROPE

MIDDLE EAST

INDIA

CHINA

1420 1650

158 years after Columbus

CHINA

INDIA

MIDDLE EAST

EUROPE

Horse Race of Civilization: Who will discover Industrialization first?>> 1650, 158 years after Columbus

textilesclothing

shoesfurnitureceramicsporcelain

spicestea

sugarcoffee

tobaccorum

woodfurs

slavesgold & silver

textilesclothing

shoesfurnitureceramicsporcelain

spicestea

sugarcoffee

tobaccorum

woodfurs

slavesgold & silver

From a letter from the Chinese Emperor to King George III, 1793:

“[Until now], all European nations, including your own country's barbarian merchants, have carried on their trade with our Celestial Empire at Canton. Such has been the procedure for many years, although our Celestial Empire possesses all things in…abundance and lacks no product within its own borders. There was therefore no need to import the manufactures of outside barbarians in exchange for our own produce. But as the tea, silk and porcelain which the Celestial Empire produces are absolute necessities to…yourselves, we have permitted, as a …favor, that [your merchants firms] be established at Canton, so that your wants might be supplied and your country thus participate in our beneficence.”

YOUR TASK WILL BE:…to create a cause-effect chart that shows how an amazingly complex chain of fortunate events resulted in industrialization (an event that changed the world) being invented in rural England.

Conspicuous Consumption = Purchasing for the sake of showing off

New Money = Families who have just recently joined the upper class

New Money

Old Money

2015 U.S.A.

New Money (Jamaica)

Old Money, England

1750

The Commons = public land where small farmers held the traditional right to let their livestock graze

Enclosure = When traditional commons are divided up for public ownership

Enclosure = When traditional commons are divided up for public ownership

At the same time:

the “2nd Agricultural

Revolution”

crop rotation

nitrate fertilizer

The modern world of business can’t functionwithout debt…

After the 2008 housing meltdown, banks were afraid to lend money…

layoffs

causeloans not paid back

businesses can’t invest

CREDIT CRUNCH

Less spending by customers

(Other People’s) MONEY makes the world go round…

cause businesses can’t invest

CREDIT CRUNCH

Less spending by customers

O.P.M.

“Dissenters”

• People who have separated from theChurch of England

• They are banned from owning land and holding political office, and cannot attenduniversities like Oxford and Cambridge,though they can form their own…

3 Key Things About the Dissenters

1) Culturally, they are hard-working…Think of the term “Protestant work ethic”

2) While they can’t own land, they can engagein industry (which is something aristocrats--both old money and new– look down theirnoses at)

3) While classes at Oxford are in Latin and all religion and philosophy, classes in the dissenter schools are in English and about math, scienceand business

TAKE IT AWAY, JAMES BURKE

3 things you need to have an Industrial Revolution:

1) the technology

2) the business infrastructure to: -move your money -move your product

3) a large available labor force