Why buses are a very interesting application of … Jukka A...April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System...
Transcript of Why buses are a very interesting application of … Jukka A...April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System...
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
transition has already started, targets are evident to improve quality of life by reducing emissions – air and noise
end-stop charging will become predominant
eBuses are attractive to electrification due to long term contracts and well known routes and loads
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 1
Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB Domestic Sales 04/2016 J Mäkinen
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 2
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB Group
Electrification of transportation
Fundamentals of eBus Charging
Why eBuses are attractive application?
Summary
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 3
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB today
Power & Automation
Utilities Transport & InfrastructureIndustry
RenewablesGrid automation / digitalization
MicrogridsSmart upgrades
Electrification penetrationEnergy storage
ProductivityEnergy efficiency
Automation penetrationInternet of Things, Services
and PeoplePower quality / reliability
Emerging markets
UrbanizationData managementElectric transportEnergy efficiency
Power quality / reliabilityDecentralized power generation
Power & Automation “for the site”Power & Automation “for the grid”
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 4
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB today
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 5
Where(Geographies) Globally
For whom(Customers)
Utilities Transport & InfrastructureIndustry
What(Offering)
Power & Automation
~ $36 bn revenue
~100countries
~135,000 employees HQ Zurich
Single “A” credit rating
AMEA1 37% Americas 30% Europe 33%
~35% of revenue ~45% of revenue ~20% of revenue
Power ~40% of revenue Automation ~60% of revenue
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB in Finland
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 6
5,100employees
In R&D
1/5Formed in
1889Factories in Helsinki, Vaasa, Porvoo and Hamina
In revenue(2015)
billion2.2€
Of employees
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB Group
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 7
“ABB is a global leader in power and automation technologies.
Potential growth sectors are renewableenergy and electric transportation ”
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB scope - electroMobilization
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 8
Renewable energy power generation
Transmission network
Distribution network
SCADA for network management
Sub stations
Compact Secondary Substations
Distribution closures
Control boards and cabinets
Fast charging stations
Charging network management
Low voltage components
Solutions for Commercial Vehicles
Trams & trains drivetrains & wayside
eBus & hybrid commercial vehicle
drivetrains
Shore to ship power
Vessel drivetrains & microGrids
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Shore To Ship Power
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 9
1212 > 2h = S2SP> 2h = S2SP
99 33
66
12 > 2h = S2SP
9 3
6
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
ABB Traction SolutionsIndividual components or complete traction system
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 10
Surge Arresters
TCMS
Circuit Breakers Low Voltage Components Battery Chargers
Traction Motors
Traction Transformers Traction Converters Auxiliary Converters
Wayside DC station
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Grid/battery drive tram Nice
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 11
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electric freight traffic Amsterdam & Rotterdam
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 12
http://freightinthecity.com/2015/08/heineken-netherlands-finding-success-with-large-electric-hgvs-for-city-centre-distrubution-in-rotterdam-and-amsterdam/
Ginaf - Mercedes-Benz and Hytruck - Volvo, range 150 km, 12 tonsLi-Ion 120kWh/700V battery pack charged with a 22kW, 400V/32A
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electric traffic for distribution at Tampere
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 13
http://www.kauppalehti.fi/uutiset/sahkokuorma-auto-starttasi-tampereella/M7YbF27G
Emoss/DAF LF55, range 180 km, 16 tons
http://www.niinivirta.it/en/news/niinivirta-transport-is-eco-friendly-1.html
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electric powered shuttle and straddle carriers
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 14
http://www.cargotec.com/en-global/newsroom/Releases/press-releases/Pages/kalmar-to-introduce-industry-first-fast-charging-solution-1970785-Wed-02-Dec-2015-15-00.aspx
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electric powered shuttle and straddle carriers
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 15
http://www.cargotec.com/en-global/newsroom/Releases/press-releases/Pages/kalmar-to-introduce-industry-first-fast-charging-solution-1970785-Wed-02-Dec-2015-15-00.aspx
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electric ferry
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 16
http://www.ship-technology.com/news/newsabb-to-power-brodrenes-seasight-ferry-in-norway-4745152
The system will integrate energy storage into modern marine power systems through its DC infrastructure and integrated power and energy management.This will transfer energy to the battery during charging while the diesel engines are running.The 40m-long ferry will operate between Flåm and Gudvangen along the Nærøyfjord in the west of Norway, covering a distance of about 32km.With a capacity to accommodate nearly 450 tourists, the vessel is scheduled to commence operations under the Fjords in May 2016. ABB's technology will enable the ferry to switch to battery power upon reaching fjord, thereby allowing sightseers to enjoy complete silence. Adoption of ABB's technology is expected to enable the vessel in reducing the CO2 emissions. Made of carbonfibre, the vessel runs on two 250kw el. motor (PM), and has a batterypack of 500 kWh.
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electric aviation - Solar impulse
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 17
http://www.solarimpulse.com/
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electroMobilization – commercial vehicles
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 18
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Market drivers, challenges & opportunitiesMarket drivers, challenges & opportunities
• Sell clean ebusses
• Offer added value
• Contribute to green targets
Vehicle manufacturers have to meet strict emission
norms
Cities are facing air polution and
noise problems
Technologyis ready for mainsteam
market
• Reduce air polution
• Reduce particle emission
• Improve quality & image
• Proven electric drive components
• Li-ion battery price declines rapidly
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 19
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electroMobility in the Future
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 20
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Electrification of buses
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 21
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Spyder web Geneve – Tram & Trolleybus power lines
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 22
Google street view picture,Overhead powerlines on a crossing of two tramlines and trolley bus
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus charging solutions
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 23
Plug based charging AC or DC• Charging time 2-14 hours• Charging power 20-50 kW• AC on-board charge• DC off-board charging• Location depot or end-stop
Opportunity charging• Charging time 15 seconds• Charging power 400 kW/ 200 kW• Energy storage grid connect 50 kW• Automated on-board pantograph• Location each 3-4 stops
Opportunity end-stop charging• Charging time 6-8 minutes• Charging power 150/300/450 kW• Demands typically CSS• Inverted pantograph at station• approaching to Street Parity• Location on each end-stop
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 24
VTT Finland experiences, Samu Kukkonen, Research Scientist, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland presentation(pdf)
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 25
Method to analyse cost effectiveness of different charging systems for electric buses – Anders Grauers presentation(pdf)
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 26
Method to analyse cost effectiveness of different charging systems for electric buses – Anders Grauers presentation(pdf)
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus battery and charging configurations
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 27
A B C
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus plug based charging (A)
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 28
Battery size 200-350 kWh
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus plug based charging 2011
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 29
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus plug based charging 2011
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 30
• Bus operator: De Courcey
• Bus manufacturer: Optare
• Two 40kWh LiFePo4 batteries
• Charged with two CHAdeMO chargers
• 2 connectors
• AC on-board charge time of over 14 hrs
• 2 x 50 kW 75 minutes charge time
• 90 -120 km range
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity based charging (C)
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 31
Battery size 40 - 60 kWh
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity based charging
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 32
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity based charging 2013
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 33
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity based charging 2013
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 34
• Traction motors 2 x 120 kVA, 85 km/h (max)
• LTO (Lithium Titanate Li4Ti5O12) 38 kWh
• 400 kW 15 sec or 200 kW 2 min charge time
• 1-2 km distance between charging
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity charging and work cycle
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 35
ABB review eBus TOSA 64-69 4-2013
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity chargingManaging Scarcity of Energy - Optimization
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 36
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity charging 15 sec/ 2-4 min/ 30-45 min
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 37
Each 3-4 stop has 15 sec charging and a local energy storageTerminal charging 2-4 minutes with lower charging powerDepot charging with a plug takes less than one hour
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus opportunity based charging (clip)
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 38
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-Fg94A2Vko
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging (B)
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 39
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 40
CompactSecondarySubstation
AC/DC converterpower module
Depot DC charging pole
Automated chargingstation
Inverted pantograph
Electric/hybridcity bus
400-850 V DC
400 V AC20 kV AC
400-850 V DC
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging station
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 41
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging rooftop charging rails
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 42
4-pole; plus, minus, ground, pilot
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging – eBus characteritics
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 43
Energy consumpion 1.2-1.5 kWh/km (*Route (one way) 10 – 20 kmBattery size 60 - 80 kWhBattery est. life 10 years(* route elevation, stops, passenger volume,outside temp. and conditions
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging process
Bus arrives at stop
Charging procedure
starts
Charging procedure
ends
Bus drives away
Wifi communication charger & bus
Driver indicates readiness
Pantograph comes down
PE & safety check (continuous)
Start of power flow
Busdriver sees charge progress
Busdriver indicates readiness
Pantograph goes up
Sensors check if pantograph is up
Busdriver receives signal
Busdriver drives away
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 44
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 45
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging pantograph vs inverted
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 46
Inverted pantograph topology+ simplifies eBus – fleet price lower+ more compact for O&M+ makes electrification of other
vehicles much easier- charging network price
On-board pantograph topology+ simplifies charging stations –
charging ntw price lower- eBus’s more rigid chassis structure- more demanding for eBus O&M- -> eBus fleet price higher
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
eBus end-stop charging – depot night time charging
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 47
Depot charging base on charging cables and Combined Charging System (CCS) Combo-2 plug 20/50 kW charging
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Market is ramping up: commercial roll out in 2016/2017Example project: Luxembourg MDDI
Luxembourgh 2016
• MDDI
• 1 pilot line operated by Sales-Lentz
• Volvo Electric Hybrid
• 2 x 150kW ACS – 2016
• 2 x 300kW ACS – 2017
• Intensive passenger operation
• Operational 2016
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 48
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Lines<1 hour (<20km)
Battery in bus20..100 kWh(~15-80km)
Charge power150-300 kW
4-6 min.
eBus end-stop charging allows 24-7 operationTypical solution: eBus charges 4-6 minutes at route end-stops
< 20 kmEnd point 1
-300 kW-Automated connection-4-6 min. charging
End point 2
-300 kW-Automated connection-4-6 min. charging
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 49
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
A practical fast charging solution for e-bussesReliable, scalable, based on industry standards
Automated connection system
High power DC transfer to bus
Wireless communication to bus
Based on
EN/IEC 61851-23
ISO/IEC 15118
Industrial quality power cabinet 150kW, 300kW & 450 kW modular Redundancy per each 150kW module 400-850 VDC
Galvanic isolation Remote management
150 kW 150 kW 150 kW
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 50
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Why eBuses are attractive application?
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 51
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Routes and loads are well known
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 52
Analysis of city street map, bus routes and distribution grid may have an impact on end-stop charging station locationNEBI Gothenburg Sweden 1-2 Sept 2015 Susanna Hurtig,: Challenges and barriers and our role in the electrification of bus public transport
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Reducing emissions particles, smell and noise
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 53
Emissions like ICE particles, smell and NOX | CO2 are locally zero, noise level amazing low, only regular dust from road and tyres
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Improves usage of the energy system
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 54
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Improves usage of the energy system
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 55
New CSS (CompactSecondary Substation) may be necessary ifsufficient power is notavailable for end-stop charging
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Power curve
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 56
Each night demand is lower and more capacity is available for heavy electric vehicle charging, energy system’s usage can be more stabile
Source: Wärtsilä Powerbook ISBN 978-951-692-846-6 KL 38.41 Page 89/202
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Helen Suvilahti 340 kWpeak
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 57
Each PV panel (270 W) demands 2,5 m2 when flushed on rooftop racks at 15 degrees, 1200 pcs. panels on DC side produce max 340 kW AC
https://www.helen.fi/uutiset/2015/aurinkovoiman-tuotanto-on-kaynnistynyt-helsingin-suvilahdessa/
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
V2G - Vehicle to Grid
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 58
While eBuses are at depot and plugged for charging Vehicle to Grid can be used for frequency and power balancing.
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Reduces oil import dependence | eBus vs energy
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 59
‐ 0,12 M liters
0,4 Mrd liters
‐ 48,2 M liters
12 500 x 44l/100 km x 73 000 km = 401 500 000 l
<‐ 12 500 Bus on the road ‐> 1500 eBus
eBus (4) 0.00032%
ICE Bus
eBus 0,12%
ICE vehicles
2015 2030
0,35 Mrd liters
Based on Gaia reporton Finland’s buses
eBuses can have impact on fossil fuel consumption and with interoperativity with other heavy electric vehicles on slow hours impact is substantial
http://www.gaia.fi/files/984/Sahkoisen_liikenteen_dynaamiset_vaikutukset_-_loppuraportti_2015.pdf
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Scenario: end-stop fast charging for all vehicles
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 60
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Usage of the charging network can be optimized
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 61
interoperativity with otherheavy electric vehiclessuch as road maintenanceand delivery vehicles on slow hours improve usage% of the system
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Cityscape planning to next level
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 62
In some cases cityscape planning can utilize streets for open air balconies as emissions and noise are eliminated
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Cityscape planning to next level
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 63
In some cases cityscape planning can utilize streets for open air balconies as emissions and noise are eliminated
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Why eBuses are attractive application? Routes and loads are well known - fixed - less variations Reducing emissions both – decibels and particles & smell User experience is superior – silent ride Improves usage of the energy system Reduces oil import dependence Usage of the charging network can be optimized Reduces heavy traffic on day time Puts more pressure to develop silent vehicles Vehicle to Grid at depot – supports energy system
Connects cityscape planning, DSO, Utilities, PTA, PTO, bus and charging infra mfg’s in a new way Challenges: standardization - public purchasing
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 64
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Open industry standards are key to successIndustry is working on global & EU standardization
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 65
Automated connection system
High power DC transfer to bus
Wireless communication to bus
Based on
EN/IEC 61851-23
ISO/IEC 15118
Industrial quality power cabinet
150kW, 300kW & 450 kW modular
Redundancy per each 150kW module
400-850 VDC
Galvanic isolation
Remote management
StandardizationGoals
• Safety• Automotive quality
• Interoperability• Prevent technology lock-in
• Reduce cost• Attractive for end
customer
Passenger cars (2011)
CCS-2 connector
Electric buses (2015-2016)
Depot charging (CCS-2 connector)
and Automated Connection System with
pantograph
Supported by:
EU
EN/IEC 61851-23 ISO/IEC 15118 DIN70121
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
electroMobility business potential
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 66
Energy system
Grid infra, charging network, distributed power generation
Traffic systemCity scape planning, traffic infra, connect parking services, civil engineering, end‐stop charging
Industry (mfg)
Products for Vehicles, charging stations, grid and (unidentified)
Vehicle sales
eBus, commerical heavy vehicles, accessories, fleet service
Services (trad)Payment transactions, funding / leasing, power production ‐transmission and distribution of electricity, insurances, grid O&M and optimization
Services (unidentified)
Apps (fleet/end users), Charging ntw. booking, V2G/energy storage, demand response
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Summary
electrification of heavy vehicles transforms 100 years oldICE based traffic into more sustainable traffic
end-stop charging will presumably be predominat choice
inverted pantograph on automated charging stations is morecost effective than roof-top pantograph on each vehicle
charging network must be open for other heavy vehicles for higher usage and TCO
eBus charging fits like a glove to electrification due to its wellknown routes that base on long term public transportationagreement between PTA - PTO for 7+3 years
Standardization of automated and plug based charging is necessary for compatibility Total Cost of Ownership
PTA = Public Transportation Authority (City)
PTO = Public Transportation Operator (Bus operator company)
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 67
April 13 2016 ABB J Mäkinen, System level aspects of electric vehicles,Electric buses, Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
Why buses are a very interesting application of electrification of transportation?
transition has already started, targets are evident to improve quality of life by reducing emissions – air and noise
end-stop charging will become predominant
eBuses are attractive to electrification due to long term contracts and well known routes and loads
© ABB Group April 18, 2016 | Slide 68