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10

Why Archbishop Helder Pessoa Camara WasSelected as the First Recipient of theNiwano Peace Prize

The Niwano Peace Foundation, acting on theNiwano Peace Prize screening committee's recommen­dation, has decided to award the first Niwano PeacePrize to Archbishop Helder Pessoa Camara of Brazil.

Archbishop Camara of the diocese of Olinda-Recife

has served in Brazil for some fifty years. Taking the

teachings of the Bible as his touchstone and practicingthe principles of nonviolence and pacifism, he is a pro­

tector of the poor and weak. His deep distress at theinhumane gap dividing rich and poor has led him tomaintain a fearless advocacy of economic and socialreform. While urging self-restraint on the part of the

rich and powerful, he has devoted himself to helping

the poor and weak become self-reliant, improving their

welfare, and protecting their human rights.His efforts include organizing the acao esperanza

(Operation Hope) movement, establishing the Bank ofProvidence, and organizing the Movement for Action,Justice, and Peace (Council for Justice and Peace).

These activities, carried out amid Brazil's difficult polit­ical and social conditions, have steadily helped furtherhuman dignity and betterment and liberation from op­

pression and poverty.

Archbishop Camara has also worked tirelessly topromote interreligious cooperation. He was instrumen­tal in the formation of the National Conference of Bra­zilian Catholic Bishops and the Latin American BishopsConference and brought together the Catholic Churchand Protestant Churches in the Brazil National Council

or' Christian Churches.Archbishop Camara's activities in behalf of human

rights and religious cooperation, in which he has perse­vered undaunted by the forces of power and unswayedby persecution and slander, are rooted in his firm faithin the glory of God, the dignity of conscience, and thefundamental unity of humankind, as well as his beliefin the eventual realization of justice and peace on earth.His deep faith, his humble life of poverty and prayer,

1 1

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12

and his courageous action make him a model for allpeople of religion.

The Niwano Peace Foundation presents the firstNiwano Peace Prize to Archbishop Camara in honorof his long years of devotion to the cause of justice andpeace in the spirit of religion and religious cooperation,in recognition of his great contributions to this cause,and in the heartfelt hope that many others will emulatehim in striving for peace.

13

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14

Bank of Pro~idence

The purpose of the Bank of Providence, established in1959, is to help poor people become more self-reliant andenhance their lives by providing economic assistance, For itsoperating funds the bank depends upon individual dona­tions and the proceeds of charity sales of goods donatedfrom around the world, The bank's major activities include:

I, Reeducation of people who through circumstances are

unable to earn a living, to enable them to reenter themainstream of society

2, Vocational training and job placement3, Interest-free small loans and housing loans4, Other forms of economic assistance

Actio E~peranza Movement (Operation Hope)The objective of this movement, organized in 1968, is

"humanization": helping people gain greater awareness oftheir humanity and live more human lives, The aims of themovement are to bring about a way of life full of hope byaddressing the various problems within the societies of thedeveloping countries while making people aware of humandignity and of their right and responsibility to live, Partic­ipating in the movement are local government representa­tives, residents, councils, specialists in various fields, andother concerned individuals, The secretariat includes sociol­ogists, economists, and social welfare specialists. Principalactivities include:

I. Provision of suitable housing for poor people forced tolive in grossly substandard environments2. Support for youth education and instruction3, Protection of the elderly4. Refugee relief5, Propagation of the philosophy of nonviolence andpacifism

Movement for Action, Justice, and Peace (CoLincilfor J List ice a nd Peace)

Archbishop Camara has learned much, in regard to non­violent movements, from Mahatma Gandhi and MartinLuther King, Jr. The first lesson he learned was the necessityof conquering oneself Conquering oneself makes one free,and one can then make others free. Nonviolent action in ajust cause is stronger than violence and hatred,

In 1968, the centennial of Gandhi's birth, ArchbishopCamara organized the Movement for Action, Justice, and

15

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16

Peace (Council for Justice and Peace). This movement hastranslated into action on the regional level the Papal Com­mission on Justice and Peace established at the urging of thelate Pope John XXIII. With the support of the NationalConference of Brazilian Catholic Bishops and the LatinAmerican Bishops Conference, the movement has grown inmany ways.

The aims of the movement are to help both people livingin subhuman conditions due to poverty and people whohave lost sight of their own humanity due to egoism to be­come more aware of their humanity so that a humane wayor life that guarantees rreedom and equality for all may berealized. The following basic principles underlie the move­ment's activities:

I. To work for gradual and effective reform of social andeconomic structures as well as political and cultural insti­tutions in Latin America2. To integrate Latin America on the basis of each coun­try's people's self-awareness and integration, with no in­ternal or external imperialistic interference3. To make the Universal Declaration of Human Rightsthe movement's basic spirit4. To regard the movement as one of nonviolent revolu­tion, eschewing all violence and using only legal means5. To study development methods that can be adapted toLatin American countries6. To eradicate such blatant injustices as employmentunder slavelike conditions, mass dismissal of workers,employment on wages below the minimum subsistencewage, and violation of the human rights of the disadvan­taged7. To denounce the arms race, which divides nation fromnation, squanders natural resources, and hinders just inte­gration8. To denounce violence perpetrated against legal demon­strations that do not disrupt public order on the arbitrarythat they are illegal9. To denounce domestic and international monopoliesand imperialism10. To warn against all forms of development that lead tohuman alienationII. To sponsor gatherings to develop people's self-aware­ness and sense of conscience12. To utilize effectively various means of communication,including music, drama, and cartoons13. To support legal strikes14. To carry out demonstrations and mass marches15. To make peaceful demands, even at the risk of impris­onment, to defend like-minded people who have beenillegally arrested

17