Presentation on

Aerodynamics of Plane

Presented by:Arindam Sarkar

5th semester. Roll no. 106Mechanical Engineering

PRIYADARSHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Why Airplanes Fly

Aerodynamics

Institute of Computational Fluid Dynamics

Aerodynamics?

• Aero – means Air• Dynamics – means Motion• Aerodynamics – the study of air in motion

• Important Point: Air is “Viscous”

Uh, that means it’s Sticky

Airplane Parts

Fuselage (Body)

Wing

Horizontal Stabilizer

Vertical Stabilizer Empennage(Tail)

Engine

4 Forces of Flight

Weight

Center of Gravity (CG)

Drag

Newton’s 1st Law Applies

Thrust

Newton’s 3rd Law Applies

Lift

Newton’s 3rd Law Applies

Weight

Lift

Thrust Drag

Think About ItIt’s “Tug-a-War”

The motion of the airplane through the air depends on the relative strength and direction of the forces we’ve discussed.

If the 4 forces are balanced, the aircraft cruises at constant velocity and altitude.

If the forces are unbalanced, the aircraft accelerates in the direction of the largest force.

More on Lift … Lift in Depth

What’s it take to create lift?

Air and motion.

How do we explain lift?Newton’s Laws of Motion and Bernoulli’s Principal are used to explain lift.

Newton’s Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Stream Lines

Streak Lines 10° AOA

Newton’s 2nd and 3rd Laws Apply

Note: DownwashAir Accelerated Down

AOA: Angle Of Attack - the angle that the wing meets the oncoming air.

Streak Lines 0° AOA

Streak Lines -12° AOA

Streak Lines 10° AOA

Newton’s 2nd and 3rd Laws Apply

Note: DownwashAir Accelerated Down

AOA: Angle Of Attack - the angle that the wing meets the oncoming air.

Airfoil

Total Aerodynamic Force(Sum of Pressure and Shear)

Lift

Drag

V

Venturi Tube

• Bernouli’s first practical use of his theorem

• Where are venturi tubes used today?

What is a wing?

• A wing is really just half a venturi tube.

A fluid (and air acts like a fluid) speeds up as it moves through a constricted space

Bernoulli’s Principle states that, as air speeds up, its pressure goes down.

Bernoulli's Principle: slower moving air below the wing creates greater pressure and pushes up.

Bernoulli’s Principle: Air moving over the wing moves faster than the air below. Faster-moving air above exerts less pressure on the wing than the slower-moving

air below. The result is an upward push on the wing--lift!

Pressure Field

Result of the accelerated flow on top and decelerated flow on bottom.

Bernoulli’s Principal: pressure variation around the wing results in a net aerodynamic pushing up.

http://www.grc/nasa.gov/WWW/Wright/airplane/shape.html

Velocity Vectors

Forces on the Airfoil

Forces act along the entire surface.

Which way does the liftingforce actually work?

Net Force

Combining all the forces.

Lift Relates to AOA

Zero Lift at Zero AOA

That’s Why Airplanes Fly.

References

• “The Beginner’s Guide to Aeronautics”, NASA http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/

• “IRROTATIONAL PLANE FLOWS OF AN INVISCID FLUID”; Colombini, Marco; UNIVERSITY OF GENOA http://www.diam.unige.it/~irro/

• Institute of Computational Fluid Dynamicshttp://www.icfd.co.jp/index-e.htm

• See How It Flies; Denker, John S.http://www.av8n.com/how/#mytoc

• “Bumblebees finally cleared for takeoff”; Wang, Z. Jane; Cornellhttp://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/March00/APS_Wang.hrs.html

• DNS of Separated Flow around NACA0012 Airfoil; Shih, et al. (1992, 1995); University of Texas http://www.uta.edu/faculty/hshan/research/gallery.shtml

Thank you

Lift Relates to AOA

Zero Lift at Zero AOA