The chemistry of mercapto- and thione- substituted 1,2,4-triazoles
Whose presentation is this? SUBJ(present, Violeta Seretan) OBL(collaborate, Lorenzo Thione)...
-
Upload
willis-todd -
Category
Documents
-
view
230 -
download
4
Transcript of Whose presentation is this? SUBJ(present, Violeta Seretan) OBL(collaborate, Lorenzo Thione)...
Whose presentation is this?Whose presentation is this?SUBJ(present, Violeta Seretan)SUBJ(present, Violeta Seretan)
OBL(collaborate, Lorenzo Thione)PP-OBJ(with, Lorenzo Thione)
SUBJ(supervise, Martin van den Berg)
(Decoding the predicate-argument structure of nominalizations)
10/25/200510/25/2005 22
OverviewOverview
nominalization problemnominalization problem NOMLEX resourceNOMLEX resource DenominalizerDenominalizer service based on NOMLEX service based on NOMLEX additional resources (CSLI)additional resources (CSLI) APIs for NOMLEX, CSLIAPIs for NOMLEX, CSLI related and future workrelated and future work demodemo
10/25/200510/25/2005 33
Text normalization for Text normalization for QAQA
Mark Twain Mark Twain publishedpublished Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1885 in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1885 in America.America.
– Who published H.F.? Who published H.F.? – Where was H.F. published?Where was H.F. published?– When was H.F. published?When was H.F. published?
QA/NLU needs to deal with a large spectrum of variation in text:QA/NLU needs to deal with a large spectrum of variation in text:1.1. morphological: morphological: published, publishespublished, publishes2.2. syntactic: syntactic: H.F. was publishedH.F. was published3.3. lexical: lexical: {novel, book, masterpiece, work} {publish, write, author, appear}{novel, book, masterpiece, work} {publish, write, author, appear}4.4. nominalizationnominalization: : the publicationthe publication
Normalization (via parsing): Normalization (via parsing): 1.1. base word form: base word form: publishes -> publish; published -> publishpublishes -> publish; published -> publish2.2. canonical word order: canonical word order: SUBJ(publish, SUBJ(publish, Mark TwainMark Twain); OBJ(publish, ); OBJ(publish, H.F.H.F.))
Lexical semantic resources:Lexical semantic resources:3.3. synonyms, hyponyms, hypernyms, …synonyms, hyponyms, hypernyms, …
What about nominalization?What about nominalization?
10/25/200510/25/2005 44
NominalizationNominalization
Since the Since the publicationpublication of Huckleberry Finn in 1885, there have been many of Huckleberry Finn in 1885, there have been many reactions to the novel, some of them quite extreme.reactions to the novel, some of them quite extreme.
– When was H.F. published?When was H.F. published?
NominalizationNominalization : : NP having “a systematic correspondence with a NP having “a systematic correspondence with a clause structure” (Quirk et al. 1985)clause structure” (Quirk et al. 1985)
Goal: decoding the clause structureGoal: decoding the clause structure
publicationpublication of Huckleberry Finn of Huckleberry Finn
OBJ(OBJ(publishpublish, Huckleberry Finn), Huckleberry Finn)
deverbal deverbal nounnoun
nominalization
matrix matrix verbverb
10/25/200510/25/2005 55
Mark Twain’sMark Twain’s publication publication of his bookof his bookpossessive determiner PP adjunct (nominal possessive determiner PP adjunct (nominal arguments)arguments)
the the bookbook publication publication by Mark Twainby Mark Twainmodifier modifier PP adjunct (nominal PP adjunct (nominal
arguments)arguments)
Mark TwainMark Twain - publish – - publish – bookbook SUBJECT SUBJECT OBJECT OBJECT (verbal roles)(verbal roles)
Mapping nominal Mapping nominal arguments into verbal arguments into verbal roles roles
10/25/200510/25/2005 66
Role ambiguityRole ambiguity
Rome’s destructionRome’s destruction – SUBJ or OBJ? – SUBJ or OBJ?
OBJ(destroy, Rome)OBJ(destroy, Rome)
SUBJ(destroy, Rome)SUBJ(destroy, Rome)
A.A. Rome’s Rome’s destructiondestruction by barbarians by barbarians OBJOBJ
B.B. Rome’sRome’s destruction destruction of Carthage of Carthage SUBJSUBJ
Rome’s destructionRome’s destruction – OBJ (by default) – OBJ (by default)
John’s admirationJohn’s admiration – SUBJ (by default) – SUBJ (by default)
10/25/200510/25/2005 77
NOMLEX – NOMLEX – NOMinalization LEXiconNOMinalization LEXicon Macleod et al., New York UniversityMacleod et al., New York University 1’025 deverbal nouns 1’025 deverbal nouns detailed mapping from nominal arguments to verb roles detailed mapping from nominal arguments to verb roles
:ORTH "destruction":ORTH "destruction":VERB "destroy":VERB "destroy"
:VERB-SUBC ((NOM-NP :SUBJECT ((N-N-MOD):VERB-SUBC ((NOM-NP :SUBJECT ((N-N-MOD) (DET-POSS)(DET-POSS) (PP :PVAL ("by")))(PP :PVAL ("by"))) :OBJECT ((DET-POSS):OBJECT ((DET-POSS) (N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD) (PP :PVAL ("of")))(PP :PVAL ("of"))) :REQUIRED ((OBJECT :DET-POSS-ONLY T:REQUIRED ((OBJECT :DET-POSS-ONLY T :N-N-MOD-ONLY T)))):N-N-MOD-ONLY T))))
default role
role to assign
10/25/200510/25/2005 88
NOMLENOMLEXXMLML
(NOM :ORTH "accusation"(NOM :ORTH "accusation"
:PLURAL "accusations":PLURAL "accusations"
:PLURAL-FREQ "not rare":PLURAL-FREQ "not rare"
:VERB "accuse":VERB "accuse"
:NOUN-SUBC ((NOUN-PP :PVAL ("about"))):NOUN-SUBC ((NOUN-PP :PVAL ("about")))
:NOM-TYPE ((VERB-NOM)):NOM-TYPE ((VERB-NOM))
:VERB-SUBJ ((DET-POSS):VERB-SUBJ ((DET-POSS)
(N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD)
(PP :PVAL ("by")))(PP :PVAL ("by")))
:SUBJ-ATTRIBUTE ((COMMUNICATOR)):SUBJ-ATTRIBUTE ((COMMUNICATOR))
:OBJ-ATTRIBUTE ((COMMUNICATOR)):OBJ-ATTRIBUTE ((COMMUNICATOR))
:VERB-SUBC ((NOM-NP-PP :SUBJECT ((DET-POSS):VERB-SUBC ((NOM-NP-PP :SUBJECT ((DET-POSS)
(N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD)
(PP :PVAL ("by")))(PP :PVAL ("by")))
:OBJECT ((PP :PVAL ("against"))):OBJECT ((PP :PVAL ("against")))
:PVAL ("of")) :PVAL ("of"))
(NOM-NP :SUBJECT ((DET-POSS) …(NOM-NP :SUBJECT ((DET-POSS) …
Perl
10/25/200510/25/2005 99
NOMLEX API in JavaNOMLEX API in Java
com.fxpal.sake.test (NomLexInterface)com.fxpal.sake.test (NomLexInterface)
com.fxpal.ltng.services.normalization.noun.nomlex com.fxpal.ltng.services.normalization.noun.nomlex
(NomLex, NomLexEntry, NomLexClassConstants, Subcat)(NomLex, NomLexEntry, NomLexClassConstants, Subcat)
10/25/200510/25/2005 1010
How useful?How useful?
Oracle acquired PeopleSoft at the end of last year.Oracle acquired PeopleSoft at the end of last year.
Oracle’s acquisition of PeopleSoft at the end of last Oracle’s acquisition of PeopleSoft at the end of last year…year…
Google hits, 10/25/2005:Google hits, 10/25/2005:"Oracle acquisition of "Oracle acquisition of PeopleSoft"PeopleSoft"
"Oracle acquired PeopleSoft""Oracle acquired PeopleSoft"
"Oracle's PeopleSoft "Oracle's PeopleSoft acquisition"acquisition"
"Oracle acquires PeopleSoft""Oracle acquires PeopleSoft" 1’0201’020
"Oracle has acquired PeopleSoft""Oracle has acquired PeopleSoft" 248248
"Oracle will acquire PeopleSoft""Oracle will acquire PeopleSoft" 424424
More hits:
587587
~14’500~14’500
693693
10/25/200510/25/2005 1111
Argument-role mappingArgument-role mapping
Oracle's Oracle's acquisitionacquisition of PeopleSoft of PeopleSoft possessivepossessive PP ( PP (of of ))
:ORTH ":ORTH "acquisitionacquisition"":VERB "acquire":VERB "acquire":VERB-SUBC ((NOM-NP :SUBJECT ((DET-POSS):VERB-SUBC ((NOM-NP :SUBJECT ((DET-POSS) (N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD) (PP :PVAL ("by")))(PP :PVAL ("by"))) :OBJECT ((N-N-MOD):OBJECT ((N-N-MOD) (PP :PVAL ("of"))))(PP :PVAL ("of"))))
SUBJ(acquire, Oracleacquire, Oracle)OBJ(acquire, PeopleSoftacquire, PeopleSoft)
10/25/200510/25/2005 1212
DenominalizerDenominalizer
Input: Input: sentencesentence Output: Output: pairs nominal pairs nominal argumentargument – verb – verb rolerole
for each nominalizationfor each nominalization
(noun, (argument –role)*)*(noun, (argument –role)*)*
Exemples:Exemples:
• Oracle's acquisition of PeopleSoft finally materialized after Oracle's acquisition of PeopleSoft finally materialized after an 18 months struggle between the two companies.an 18 months struggle between the two companies.(acquisition, (Oracle - SUBJECT) (PeopleSoft - OBJECT))(acquisition, (Oracle - SUBJECT) (PeopleSoft - OBJECT))
• Oracle acquisition finally materialized.Oracle acquisition finally materialized.(acquisition, (Oracle - SUBJECT) (Oracle - OBJECT))(acquisition, (Oracle - SUBJECT) (Oracle - OBJECT))
10/25/200510/25/2005 1313
AlgorithmAlgorithm
parse sentenceparse sentence
for each deverbal nounfor each deverbal noun
get noun arguments get noun arguments
for each NOMLEX entry for nounfor each NOMLEX entry for noun
for each subcat of the entryfor each subcat of the entry
1. match1. match arguments against subcat arguments against subcat
2. filter2. filter assignment results assignment results
select a subcatselect a subcat
output assignments for selected subcatoutput assignments for selected subcat
Note: Note: overlapping nominalizations ok: overlapping nominalizations ok: an increase in product salesan increase in product sales
com.fxpal.ltng.services.normalization.noun.*com.fxpal.ltng.services.normalization.noun.*
10/25/200510/25/2005 1414
1. Matching 1. Matching
Oracle's acquisition of PeopleSoft finally materialized.Oracle's acquisition of PeopleSoft finally materialized.
Arguments (Arguments (acquisitionacquisition):):
POSS(acquisition, Oracle)POSS(acquisition, Oracle)
ADJUNCT(acquisition, of)ADJUNCT(acquisition, of)
PP-OBJ(of, PeopleSoft)PP-OBJ(of, PeopleSoft)
NOM-NP NOM-NP
:SUBJECT:SUBJECT ((DET-POSS)((DET-POSS)
(N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD)
(PP :PVAL ("by")))(PP :PVAL ("by")))
:OBJECT :OBJECT ((N-N-MOD)((N-N-MOD)
(PP :PVAL ("of")))(PP :PVAL ("of")))
10/25/200510/25/2005 1515
2. Filtering2. Filtering
Oracle's PeopleSoft acquisition finally materialized.Oracle's PeopleSoft acquisition finally materialized.
Arguments (acquisition):Arguments (acquisition):
POSS(acquisition, Oracle)POSS(acquisition, Oracle)
MOD(acquisition, PeopleSoft)MOD(acquisition, PeopleSoft)
NOM-NP NOM-NP
SUBJECTSUBJECT ((DET-POSS)((DET-POSS)
(N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD)
(PP :PVAL ("by")))(PP :PVAL ("by")))
OBJECT OBJECT ((N-N-MOD)((N-N-MOD)
(PP :PVAL ("of")))(PP :PVAL ("of")))
Alternatives:
Oracle: SUBJECTPeopleSoft: PeopleSoft: SUBJECT, SUBJECT, OBJECTOBJECT
10/25/200510/25/2005 1616
NOMLEX constraints NOMLEX constraints (1)(1) Uniqueness ConstraintUniqueness Constraint::
A verbal role may be filled only once.A verbal role may be filled only once.
Oracle's PeopleSoft acquisitionOracle's PeopleSoft acquisition
Matching alternatives:
Oracle: SUBJECT
PeopleSoftPeopleSoft: : SUBJECT, OBJECTSUBJECT, OBJECT
10/26/200510/26/2005 1717
NOMLEX constraints NOMLEX constraints (2)(2) Ordering ConstraintOrdering Constraint::
If there are multiple pre-nominal arguments, they must If there are multiple pre-nominal arguments, they must appear in the order: appear in the order: SUBJECT, INDIRECT OBJECT, DIRECT OBJECT, OBLIQUE.SUBJECT, INDIRECT OBJECT, DIRECT OBJECT, OBLIQUE.
FX’s printer sales grew by 50%. FX’s printer sales grew by 50%.
Matching alternatives:
FX: SUBJECT, OBJECT, OBJECTprinterprinter: : SUBJECT, OBJECTSUBJECT, OBJECT
order: FX, printerprinterverbal roles: SUBJECT, OBJECT
10/25/200510/25/2005 1818
NOMLEX constraints NOMLEX constraints (3)(3) Obligatoriness ConstraintObligatoriness Constraint::
By default, the subject and object are optional. By default, the subject and object are optional. A NOMLEX entry can specify obligatory roles to be filled.A NOMLEX entry can specify obligatory roles to be filled.
circulation - circulation - REQUIRED (SUBJECT)REQUIRED (SUBJECT)blood circulation blood circulation SUBJ(circulate, blood)SUBJ(circulate, blood)
destruction destruction - REQUIRED ((OBJECT :DET-POSS-ONLY T- REQUIRED ((OBJECT :DET-POSS-ONLY T :N-N-MOD-ONLY T)))):N-N-MOD-ONLY T))))
Rome’s destructionRome’s destructionOBJ(destroy, Rome)OBJ(destroy, Rome)
10/25/200510/25/2005 1919
Selectional Selectional Restrictions Restrictions
com.fxpal.ltng.services.normalization.noun.cslicom.fxpal.ltng.services.normalization.noun.csli
(Nouns, Verbs, NounsVerbs)(Nouns, Verbs, NounsVerbs)
10/25/200510/25/2005 2020
Applying Applying selectional restrictionsselectional restrictions
room reservationroom reservation
Alternatives:Alternatives:
roomroom - SUBJECT, OBJECT - SUBJECT, OBJECT
reserve reserve - selectional restrictions: SUBJECT: sentient; OBJECT: * - selectional restrictions: SUBJECT: sentient; OBJECT: *
roomroom - location, physobj - location, physobj
semantic types for about 5000 Nsemantic types for about 5000 N selectional restrictions for about 5000 Vselectional restrictions for about 5000 V
459/941 verbs from NOMLEX (48.77%) 459/941 verbs from NOMLEX (48.77%)
10/25/200510/25/2005 2121
CCoverageoverage extension extension
What if a noun is not in NOMLEXWhat if a noun is not in NOMLEX??
1.1. additional deverbal nouns in the CSLI data additional deverbal nouns in the CSLI data 4’087 “event nouns” 4’087 “event nouns” 3348 new, 739 already in NOMLEX3348 new, 739 already in NOMLEX3348/1025 3348/1025 326% more data326% more data
2.2. NOMLEX template:NOMLEX template:
NOM-NP NOM-NP :SUBJECT:SUBJECT ((DET-POSS)((DET-POSS)
(N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD) (PP :PVAL ("by")))(PP :PVAL ("by")))
:OBJECT :OBJECT ((DET-POSS)((DET-POSS)(N-N-MOD)(N-N-MOD)(PP :PVAL ("of")))(PP :PVAL ("of")))
10/25/200510/25/2005 2222
Future workFuture work
extensive test and evaluationextensive test and evaluation
other nominalization data other nominalization data – deverbal noun recognitiondeverbal noun recognition– mapping information (FrameNet)mapping information (FrameNet)
other lexical resources other lexical resources PropBank – semantic rolesPropBank – semantic rolesVerbLex – selectional restrictionsVerbLex – selectional restrictions
role assignment in contextrole assignment in context– word sense disambiguation, anaphora, discourseword sense disambiguation, anaphora, discourse– collocations collocations
the author will make no accusation the author will make no accusation SUBJ(make, author) -> SUBJ (accuse, author)SUBJ(make, author) -> SUBJ (accuse, author)
10/25/200510/25/2005 2323
Related workRelated work
PUNDIT system (Dahl et al., 1987)PUNDIT system (Dahl et al., 1987) SNOWY QA system (Hull and Gomez 1996)SNOWY QA system (Hull and Gomez 1996) NOMLEX for IE (Meyers et al., 1998)NOMLEX for IE (Meyers et al., 1998) N-N interpretation (Lapata 2002, Girju et al. N-N interpretation (Lapata 2002, Girju et al.
2004)2004)
10/25/200510/25/2005 2424
Dahl, Deborah A., Palmer, Martha S.; and Passonneau, Rebecca J. 1987. Dahl, Deborah A., Palmer, Martha S.; and Passonneau, Rebecca J. 1987. "Nominalizations in PUNDIT." Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the "Nominalizations in PUNDIT." Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Stanford, CA.Association for Computational Linguistics, Stanford, CA.
Girju, Roxana, Ana-Maria Giuglea, Marian Olteanu, Ovidiu Fortu, Orest Bolohan, and Girju, Roxana, Ana-Maria Giuglea, Marian Olteanu, Ovidiu Fortu, Orest Bolohan, and Dan Moldovan. Support vector machines applied to the classification of semantic Dan Moldovan. Support vector machines applied to the classification of semantic relations in nominalized noun phrases. In Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL Workshop on relations in nominalized noun phrases. In Proceedings of the HLT-NAACL Workshop on Computational Lexical Semantics, 2004.Computational Lexical Semantics, 2004.
Hull, Richard and Fernando Gomez (1996). Semantic Interpretation of Nominalizations. Hull, Richard and Fernando Gomez (1996). Semantic Interpretation of Nominalizations. PDF Format. Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial PDF Format. Proceedings of the Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Portland, Oregon, August, 1996, pp. 1062-8.Intelligence, Portland, Oregon, August, 1996, pp. 1062-8.
Lapata, Maria. 2002. The Disambiguation of Nominalisations. Computational Lapata, Maria. 2002. The Disambiguation of Nominalisations. Computational Linguistics 28:3, 357-388.Linguistics 28:3, 357-388.
Macleod, Catherine, Ralph Grishman, Adam Meyers, Leslie Barrett, and Ruth Reeves. Macleod, Catherine, Ralph Grishman, Adam Meyers, Leslie Barrett, and Ruth Reeves. 1998. Nomlex: A lexicon of nominalizations. In Proceedings of the 81998. Nomlex: A lexicon of nominalizations. In Proceedings of the 8thth International International Congress of the European Association for Lexicography, pages 187–193, LiCongress of the European Association for Lexicography, pages 187–193, Lièège, ge, Belgium.Belgium.
Meyers A., et al. Using NOMLEX to produce nominalization patterns for information Meyers A., et al. Using NOMLEX to produce nominalization patterns for information extraction. In Proceedings of the COLING-ACL Workshop on Computational Treatment extraction. In Proceedings of the COLING-ACL Workshop on Computational Treatment of Nominals, 1998.of Nominals, 1998.
Quirk, S. R., Greenbaum, G. Leech, and J. Svartvik. 1985. A comprehensive grammar Quirk, S. R., Greenbaum, G. Leech, and J. Svartvik. 1985. A comprehensive grammar of English language, Longman, Harlow.of English language, Longman, Harlow.
Terada Akira, Tokunaga Takenobu. Corpus based method of transforming nominalized Terada Akira, Tokunaga Takenobu. Corpus based method of transforming nominalized phrases into clauses for text mining application. IEICE Transactions on Information and phrases into clauses for text mining application. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems. Vol.E86-D. No.9. pp.1736 -- 1744. 2003. Systems. Vol.E86-D. No.9. pp.1736 -- 1744. 2003.
ReferencesReferences
10/25/200510/25/2005 2626
Selectional restrictions Selectional restrictions datadata CSLI resource: CSLI resource:
– nounsnouns 44474447 semantic tsemantic tyypes (ontology)pes (ontology)
– verbsverbs 48584858 subcategorizationssubcategorizations selectional restrictionsselectional restrictions
– noun-verbnoun-verb 5700 V (9415 N)5700 V (9415 N) noun-verb pairsnoun-verb pairs
10/25/200510/25/2005 2727
Grammatical TransferGrammatical TransferNOMLEXNOMLEX XLEXLE ExampleExample
DET-POSSDET-POSS POSS POSS Rome's destructionRome's destruction
PPPP ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (POS=NOUN)ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (POS=NOUN) destruction of Carthagedestruction of Carthage
TO-INFTO-INF XCOMP XCOMP the desire to leave the desire to leave
AS-NP-AS-NP-PHRASEPHRASE
ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (as, POS=NOUN)ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (as, POS=NOUN) his resignation as his resignation as chairmanchairman
N-N-MODN-N-MOD MODMOD the room reservationthe room reservation
P-INGP-ING ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (POS=VERB)ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (POS=VERB) the accusation against the accusation against launching launching
INGING ADJUNCT, QA_PROG(+)ADJUNCT, QA_PROG(+) my appreciation being my appreciation being therethere
FOR-TO-INFFOR-TO-INF ADJUNCT, SUBJADJUNCT, SUBJ the wish for him to gothe wish for him to go
ADVPADVP ADJUNCT (POS=ADV)ADJUNCT (POS=ADV) his departure abroadhis departure abroad
AS-INGAS-ING ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (as, POS=VERB), ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (as, POS=VERB), QA_PROG(+)QA_PROG(+)
characterization as characterization as beingbeing
AS-ADJPAS-ADJP ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (as, POS=ADJ)ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ (as, POS=ADJ) the characterization as the characterization as usefuluseful
P-POSSINGP-POSSING ADJUNCT, PP-OBJ(POS=VERB), POSSADJUNCT, PP-OBJ(POS=VERB), POSS the acceptance of his the acceptance of his talkingtalking
10/25/200510/25/2005 2828
FrameNetFrameNet
aim: word – semantico-syntactic mappingaim: word – semantico-syntactic mapping semantic roles: frame elements (frame-specific)semantic roles: frame elements (frame-specific) BNC corpus (100M words); American English – LDC, ANCBNC corpus (100M words); American English – LDC, ANC more than 600 frames, about 9.000 wordsmore than 600 frames, about 9.000 words
communicatorcommunicator evalueeevaluee reasonreasonnot expressed (27/48)not expressed (27/48)
possessive determinerpossessive determiner (6/48)(6/48)
PP (PP (fromfrom) ) (2/48)(2/48)
……
not expressed (40/48)not expressed (40/48)
PP (PP (againstagainst)) (5/48) (5/48)
PP (PP (aboutabout)) (3/48) (3/48)
……
PP (PP (ofof) (9/48)) (9/48)
S (S (thatthat) (9/48)) (9/48)
not expressed (8/48)not expressed (8/48)
… … PP (PP (aboutabout)) (3/48) (3/48) ……
Example: Example: accusationaccusation
frame: Judgment_communicationframe: Judgment_communication
FE (for this word) and their realization:FE (for this word) and their realization:
10/25/200510/25/2005 2929
NOMLEX constraints NOMLEX constraints (4)(4) restrictions on possible combinationsrestrictions on possible combinations
– specified in NOMLEX entry specified in NOMLEX entry
adaptation adaptation :NOT ((AND :NOT ((AND :SUBJECT ((DET-POSS) (N-N-MOD)):SUBJECT ((DET-POSS) (N-N-MOD))
:OBJECT ((N-N-MOD)):OBJECT ((N-N-MOD))
*plants' weather adaptation*plants' weather adaptationplants’ adaptation to weather plants’ adaptation to weather
Note: Not implemented (cannot decide which assignment to Note: Not implemented (cannot decide which assignment to remove).remove).