• WHO statement on the first meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR(2005) Emergency Committee on Zika virus and observed increase in neurological disorders and neonatal malformations:

• The Director-General declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 1 February 2016

•Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging

arthropod borne

virus (arbovirus) transmitted by

Aedes mosquitoes.

•The virus belongs to the genus

Flavivirus family Flaviviridae, and

is closely related to other

flaviviruses of public health

relevance including dengue

(DENV), yellow fever

CHICKUNGUNYA and West Nile

Vector-borne Diseases of Concern (cont.) Disease Pathogen Vector Transmission

Viral

Dengue * DEN-1,2,3,4 flaviviruses Aedes aegypti mosquito Anthroponotic

Yellow fever Yellow fever flavivirus Aedes aegypti mosquito Anthroponotic

Chikungunya RNA virus that belongs to the alphavirus genus of the family Togaviridae

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, Anthroponotic

ZIKA Flavivirus Aedes aegypti Aedes mosquito species (notably Ae. africanus, Ae. albopictus, Ae. polynesiensis, Ae. unilineatus, Ae. vittatus and Ae. hensilli) are considered as potential vectors

Japanese encephalitis

flavivirus Culex species (mainly Culex tritaeniorhynchus).

Encephalitis (West Nile, Lyme, etc.)

Flavi-,alpha- and bunyaviruses Mosquitoes and ticks Zoonotic

Firlarial nematodes

Lymphatic filariasis * Brugia malayi, timori, Wuchereria bancrofti

Anopheles, Culex, Aedes mosquitoes Anthroponotic

Onchocerciasis * Onchocerca volvulus Simulium spp. blackflies Anthroponotic

* WHO neglected tropical disease

PENYAKIT BAWAAN NYAMOK

Penyakit Chic Zika Denggi Malaria D.Kuning W.Nile JE

Vector

Agent Penyakit

Virus Chikungunya

Virus Zika

Virus Denggi

Parasit Plasmodium

Virus Yellow Fever

Virus West Nile

Virus J. Encpelatis

Rawatan khusus

Vaksinasi

Kejadian di Malaysia

CASE DEFINITION FOR ZIKA

VIRUS INFECTION Suspected case:

• Patient with rash and one or more of the following symptoms (not explained by other medical conditions):

- Fever (>37.5°C) – Arthralgia or myalgia

– Arthritis/Periarticular Edema

– Non-purulent conjunctivitis or conjunctival hyperemia

– Presented with **Guillain-Barre Syndrome or microcephaly (age less than 1 year)

AND – Recent history of travelling to the country affected with

Zika infection (within 7 days after arrival) or history of *contact with confirm Zika case.

*person who live in the same locality with the Suspected case or history of sexual intercourse with person who had travelled to affected countries. **Signs and symptoms of Guillain-Barre syndrome may include: - Prickling, "pins and needles" sensations in your fingers, toes, ankles or wrists, Weakness in your legs that spreads to your upper body, Unsteady walking or inability to walk or climb stairs, Difficulty with eye or facial movements, including speaking, chewing or swallowing ,Severe pain that may feel achy or cramp-like and may be worse at night, Difficulty with bladder control or bowel function, Rapid heart rate, Low or high blood pressure, Difficulty breathing

HISTORICAL SPREAD OF ZIKA VIRUS

ZIKV was first isolated from a rhesus

monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda, in

1947 (Dick et al. 1952).

For half a century, the virus was

described as causing sporadic

human infections in Africa and

Asia,

Zika fever epidemics

took place in Yap

Island,

Micronesia (Duffy et al.

2009)

In 2013, a large epidemic

was reported in French Polynesia,

concomitant with a

dengue epidemic caused by serotypes 1 and 3

In the early 2015, records of

patients presenting a “dengue-like

syndrome” appeared in the city

of Natal state

of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

laboratory findings indicated a

non-DENV and non-Chikun Pcr

CONFIRMED zIKv

GIGITAN NYAMOK

HUBUNGAN SEX TRANSFUSI DARAH

BAYI DLM KANDUNGAN

Kesan Jangkitan Zika:

• Microcephaly

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Sekian Terima Kasih