Johnston AP US History 2011-12

Test on Chapter #1 1. What were the gender roles for archaic groups? 2. Where would you have found the highest population densities for

Native American? 3. Why? 4. What were some of the “governmental” functions of the family, clan

and tribe? 5. Describe the spiritual relationship Americans had with the world

around them 6. What would be some challenges Native Americans and Europeans

would have when it came to controlling the land? 7. What would be some of the possible outcomes (results) of these

differences?

Value question Who gets to make the decisions for all of us….what would be the best way

to decide?

Hierarchy: a system in which certain individuals or groups have the majority of the decision making power

European Renaissance society had strict hierarchies

Nobility still controlled the major aspects of government….King and his court and the Nobles (are given land…may or may not actually come at all)

The growing middle class (merchants, bankers and traders) however controlled the bulk of the liquid wealth (have the money out of hand to pay the way)

Free artisans and craftsmen (sell businesses to pay their way)

Free farmers, who own their own land (sell the farm and pay their own way)

Peasants (the way to pay is indentured servitude)

Criminals (long term indentured servants)

The Begged question: how come the kids ended so different than the parents

Trivia Time When Native Americans or Africans spoke of “European” magic, what did they mean?

How important were the tribes of West Africa when compared with the “sudan” Kingdoms?

What changed this power structure

What is the “New” slavery and how does it tie into racism?

enclose (enclosure movement)

joint-stock company

indulgences, Martin Luther, and the Protestant Reformation

John Calvin and the doctrine of predestination

Counter-Reformation

Separatists, Puritans, and Anglicans

conversion experience

The Two Highlighter Method

One dark: names, dates, events or labels

One light: the explanation of the names, dates, events or

labels

Enduring Vision is packed with information, so you need

to realize every sentence, if not highlighted, needs to be

understood, so….

Do:

Read slowly, carefully and evaluate what is

important to remember

Only highlight key words, not entire sentences or

paragraphs

Write notes to yourself and put in question marks

on information you need me to explain

Do Not:

Wait to the last minute

Skim

Fake highlighting by randomly highlighting or doing

first and last sentence

Quiz Puritan Way 1. What was the message of John Winthrop’s City on the Hill sermon 2. Name three interesting facts relating to the demographics of the

Great Migration 3. Who were Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson? 4. What was the greatest threat to Puritan social order? 5. How did New England Puritans make the rules and laws for their

towns? 6. What were praying towns? 7. What power did the Massachusetts General Court have in domestic

affairs? 8. What rights did women have in Puritan society? 9. What was the half-way Covenant? 10. What, in reality, was King’s Phillip’s war over (the same answer for

every war between whites and Native Americans) 11. What tensions did the Salem Witch trials represent?

Cavalier Virginia Tobacco…..small farmers, tobacco requires a lot of individual plant

care, farms were always in bottom land and along rivers for easy transport

Many other farm products….corn, then wheat are the grain crops

Tidewater, fall line

1649, William Berkeley (nobleman, cavalier) is appointed royal governor of Virginia, and told to “make it work”

Berkeley has a vision for Virginia….what England ought to be like….after the English Civil War (1649), nobles are disenfranchised, are willing to come to the new England….Virginia

Hierarchy

Gentlemen (elite, cavaliers, planter class, nobles are the natural leaders of society, first families of Virginia) are given the best land

Middling…..yoeman farmers….some tidewater land, farther from the rivers

Freed indentured servants (PWT)

Indentured servants

Slaves

Bacon’s rebellion Hmmmm Chespeake quiz

1. Describe the social hierarchy of the Chesapeake region, c. 1650 2. What role did this hierarchy play Bacon’s Rebellion (1675) 3. What was the main commercial crop of the West Indies 4. What is the Barbados Code and how does it tie into American history? 5. What is a headright and how did headrights help the growth of South

Carolina as a colony.

hn Winthrop and "A Model of Christian Charity"

Roger Williams

Anne Hutchinson and Antinomians

conversion relation

Massachusetts General Court

New England town meeting

Charles I and the English civil war

Oliver Cromwell

Stuart Restoration

Half-Way Covenant

"praying towns," "praying Indians"

King Philip's War

indentured servants

Virginia House of Burgesses and Royal Governor's Council

Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore)

Maryland Act of Religious Toleration

Bacon's Rebellion

Anthony Ashley Cooper and John Locke

Peter Stuyvesant

William Penn and the Quakers

coureurs de bois

Popé and the Pueblo Revolt (1680)

1. Explain the difference between a Proprietary, Charter and Crown colony, giving an example of each

2. What unique Quaker beliefs are going to shape thinking in Pennsylvania

3. What is meant by the term “pluralism” and what two colonies were the most “plural”

4. What were the money making exports from the Middle Colonies? 5. Tell anything you can remember about Philadelphia 6. Between 1664-1666 the modern day state of New York changed

hands. Who did it go from and who did it go too? EXTRA: Describe the relationship between native Americans and the French

By the end of the 17th Century, American colonists had established their own functioning towns, farms, governments and economies

We did this with NO help or interference from England

We were still their biggest trading partners and we are going to need them for defense

The end of the Commonwealth and death of Oliver Cromwell leads the Parliament to ask for a return to monarchy

So, the invited the son of Charles I, Charles II to return and be king, c. 1660

This is called the “restoration” of the Stuart Kings (james’ family)

Propriety colonies begin in Americas….Carolinas, Pennsylvania, the brother, James II, Duke of York, is given New York

Proprietors stay in England and get rich off of land sales, rents, and business monopolies

The allow “assemblies”, and if they are smart, they leave the colony alone

New England, however, represents a problem…..New Englanders are fiercely independent in their thinking, their belief in local rule and resentment towards English busy-bodies

Dominion of New England and Sir Edmund Andros…..1686

Andros revokes all New England characters, assembly is disbanded, you will have to submit to Andros courts, open your meeting houses to Anglican ministers

1689….James the II was suspected of being a closet-Catholic….parliament is scared that religious war would being with James daughter, so they got rid of the Stuart line

Instead, they asked a distant relative William of Orange (Dutch) and his wife, Mary to be king and queen instead….they were Protestant

What does this show about who has the power……William and Mary become the king and queen

Andros is fired, New England is restored

Quiz 59-72 1. What was the English Restoration and what was the attitude of Restoration Kings towards the colonies?

2. What did the King and Edmund Andros do to break the power of the independent minded New Englanders?

3. What ended this conflict in 1689? 4. What was Leisler and what happened to him? 5. What is meant by “mercantilism”? 6. What were the negative effects of the Navigation Acts? 7. What were the positive effects of the Navigation Acts? 8. Name three major immigrant groups to America? 9. Describe the legal rights of colonial women 10. What would you rather be, a slave in the south or a poor person in

Philadelphia? Why?

Quiz 72-79 1. What is the Enlightenment? 2. What is the First Great Awakening 3. Speculate as to how the cause for both these movement may be

related

Quiz 79- top of 90 The terms below are from your highlight list. Please explain

what each of the events was, AND, how they show a growing

tension between Britain and the Colonies

1. Albany Plan of Union Me

2. Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) Katelyn

3. Pontiac's uprising, and the Proclamation of 1763 Me

4. Imperial reorganization Me

5. writs of assistance Alex

6. Sugar Act and vice-admiralty courts Me and Kadan

7. Stamp Act and Stamp Act Congress Brooke

8. virtual representation No one

The family fight gets ugly, then goes past the point of no reture

Britain is now saying, it is about time your colonist pay your fair share

Sugar Act

Stamp Act

Boston Massarce

Tea Act

Sons of Liberty, Circular letters, Committees of Corrospondance

Intolerable Acts

Lexington and Concord

Olive Branch Petition and the first Continental Congress

Siege of Boston

Smuggling

Samuel Adams

John Adams

spinning bees

John Hancock

Crispus Attucks and the Boston Massacre

committees of correspondence

Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party

Coercive or Intolerable Acts

Quebec Act

minutemen,

Lexington and Concord

Olive Branch Petition

Thomas Paine, Common Sense

Second Continental Congress and Declaration of Independence

Articles of Confederation

Confederation is when a group of states come together and agree to cooperate for purposed of defense and trade

They are not a country, no sense of unity

A team of rivals

Why not make a country instead?

Each state saw itself as independent, with its own assembly, laws, and customs

To make a country, the individual will have to give some of its independence

How much authority do we actually give to the new National Government

National Government can make treaties and negotiate with foreign powers

The National Government can raise an army for protection (Daddy’s with Deer Rifles)….why do the states refuse to allow a standing army?

Paying for the army……the NG has to “ask” the states to fund it.

The Congress will have no executive (president or leader with extra power)

States will be equal in congress regardless of wealth or population

13 members

Any change to the articles requires a unanimous vote of all 13

First success of the Articles as a National Government

Land and Northwest Ordinances 1785 and 1787

Shay’s Rebellion 1785

No common money and trade wars (tariff wars) were erupting between states…..Annapolis Convention, 9 states hear of Shaye’s Rebellion.

We have to fix the Articles, Now, or there will be more violence

1787, 12 states send delegates to a meeting to fix the A OF C

Philadelphia, the capital of the Confederation

What can we do to fix the Articles

55 delegates, mostly mid-30’s to 40’s. ,mostly land owners (south) or lawyers and businessmen (north)

Washington is there to moderate the meeting

First argument, can we fix it….answer NO….problem, we don’t have the authority to make a new one

They agreed to give the National government more powers

Created an enforcement branch….called the Executive Branch, and led by the Chief Executive, called the president

He is the chief law enforcement officer and commands the army

The major argument is over the law making branch…..Legislative…..

Who gets the power to make the law

Virginia Plan…..representation should be based on the number of people in the state (more, more money is paid to support government

New Jersey Plan……every state has equal representatives…..favors small states

The Connecticut Plan….lets make two separate legislatures, one based on population and one based on equal representation (Bi-cameral)

Great Compromise

Next, how do you count slaves for purposes of H of R?

3/5th compromise

Electoral College……

Virginia and several other states still have a problem….there is no guarantee of individual freedoms or limits to the power of the National government

10th All powers not given expressly (in writing) by the constitution, are kept (reserved) for the states

Will the government survive

Hamilton, bonds, the National Bank, the Capital and other compromises

Nobody likes me, everybody hates me, guess I’ll go eat worms

Whiskey Rebellion….drunken brawl or challenge to constitutional authority

French melts down

England gleefully sticks us!

Jefferson and his vision for America

That America will grow strong if the national government is limited, even starved……for power

America will be strong if it owes no one money

President has limited power

The average American will make America strong…the common man

Americans need to own their own farms….virtuous….because they work for themselves and owe no one political allegiance.

Agrarian Ideal

To have this dream come true, there must be unlimited amounts of cheap land

Jefferson policies 1st Term:

Pay off the national debt asap

Drastic cutting of government expense…cut the army, navy and no Internal improvements

Marbury v. Madison (John Marshall, Midnight appointments, Judicial review)

1801-03 Barbary Pirates…….Jefferson is forced to use force oversea to guard American trade.

Trade on the Mississippi…….Spain loses New Orleans to Napoleon

When France offers to sell us 1/3 of North America instead….Jefferson loses sleep….he doesn’t have the power….even draws an amendment to change the constitution to allow him to buy it.

He gave up his idealism and grabbed the land while he could

When he got the “deed”, Jefferson had no clue what he just bought

Quiz to 162 1. What happened when Jeffersson offered to buy the port of New Orleans

2. What was Marbury v. Madison all about and what import power did the Supreme Court assert with this decision?

3. What was Jefferson’s view on the role of government in the life of everyday Americans?

4. What was Jefferson’s ideal American? 5. How much money did Jefferson pay to appease the Barbary Pirates? 6. What dominated world affairs in the first 15 years of the 19th century? 7. What was the embargo act? 8. What was the “Chesapeake” affair 9. What were the non-intercourse act and macon’s build #2 supposed to

do? 10. Who did western Americans blames for Tecumseh and the Prophet

and their Indian war? 11. What is impressment? 12. What did the embargo act do to the economy of New England

The Constitutional Revolution: Civil War and Reconstruction

What did Lincoln and the Radical Republicans do that change the size and function of government?

Continental railroad

Tariffs

Suspension of Habeas Corpus

Drafts

Homestead act

Confiscation act

Emancipation proclamation

Government issues paper money

Then the war is over, and we go back to normal….right? small army, small government, independent states, right?

Reconstruction: Returning brothers or conquered subjects?

Congressional Reconstruction

RR’s believe that the government needs to forcibly kill the old south and its hierarchy…make it look like the north

RR’s also want to be sure they win every election in south

A southern state must do the following:

1. Write a new constitution

2. Must abolish slavery

3. No Confederate officer can hold public office

Then, you must accept the following

Freedman’s Bureau

Black men be given the vote in state elections

Schools for black and white alike

This bankrupts the south

Ch. 18-20 Economics 2nd Industrial revolution drives America

Five things that a modern, factory Industrial society requires

Natural resources: the materials necessary to produce marketable items for sale and export: Oil and Coal, iron, copper, lumber (US has massive amounts of all of these within our borders)

Technology to produce and transport the marketable items: The standardization, the factory process, bessmer process, inventions coming at an astronomical rate: Edison, Carneige, Rockerfeller, Ford….new inventions, ways of organizing the process and new business practices to insure the market

Capital: cash money used for investment, venture capital-money that can be used to develop a business that does not require an immediate return….the more capital you have, the more variety and competition will occur (laissez-faire capitalism-no government control means that competition will provide the best products at the lowest price….”hands off)

Markets: groups of people who are willing to spend their money to buy your product. What the US discovers is that there is a tremendous market of domestic consumers…then we find that the world wants to buy our stuff, so we develop our first sophisticated international markets)

A source of unending cheap labor: This is the one cost that we can really control….the cheaper the labor, the less expensive I can sell my product for…I sell more than my competitor, he goes out of business, then I buy him.

Please label the following according to the 5 needs of an industrial society as we talked about them yesterday. NR, T, C, M, L

Terence Powderly and the Knights of Labor (labor union)

JP Morgan and the formation of the Chase Manhattan Bank

JD Rockefeller and the buying up of all the oil wells in America

Chinese and Southern European immigration

The creation of time zones

The electrification of American cities

The taking of Hawaii and the sugar and pineapple production Business Innovations of the 70’s and 80’s

Andrew Carnegie

Poster child

A poor immigrant from a really poor country, Scotland

Begins running telegrams for Western Union

Efficiency and the ability to organize work to get it done most productively

Starts to work for a railroad company, then later manages it, then later buys it, and then……..

Carnegie, and others, discover, one tiny change in the production, delivery or labor process, when applied to the entire industry could save millions

They put their best middle management brains to work to explore, experiment and develop ever more controlled ways to save mone

Business and industry are now a Process, driven by the math…number crunching

Eventually Carnegie revolutionizes the steel industry, creates the first billion dollar company in the world US steel is his company

Remember, the object of the game is monopoly

To 363 1. What is America’s first big business 2. Name two innovations implemented by the Railroad industry 3. How does Vertical organization save money? 4. How does Horizontal organization save money? 5. What is a Trust, and how do they create monopolies 6. How do monopolies hurt the consumer? 7. The Interstate Commerce Act and Sherman Anti-trust act were early

attempts by the government to………………. 8. Name three inventions by Thomas Edison

9. Why is Andrew Carnegie the “poster child” for the self-made man 10. What did J D Rockefeller control in America? 11. In what way is all this new technology “democratic” 12. What was the new role for the middle class housewife

To 368 1. What happened to the artisan class as a result of the new Industrial America?

2. Why could children as young as 8 work in the new Industrial America? 3. Name three sources of immigrant labor 4. How did the new Industrial America affect the role of women 5. Why is it deceiving to look to Andrew Carnegie as a typical model for

rags to riches (Horatio Alger) in the new industrial America 6. If I were poor, and unskilled, what did “upward mobility” mean for

me? 7. 1890 10% of the people control _____%of the wealth.

1. Contrast Terence Powderly’s and Samuel Gompers’s philosophy on what makes a good union.

2. What happened at the Homestead, Pullman and Haymarket strikes 3. What is a wildcat strike 4. In in re Debs, what did the Supreme Court rule about strikes? 5. Industrialist believed in a philosophy called Social Darwinism…what

does this philosophy say? 6. What does the term laissez-faire refer to, and which part of society

favored laissez-faire capitalism? 7. The strategy of saying unions were foreign led and foreign manned

did what to the reputation of unions?

Quiz to 381 1. Why did populations explode in American cities after the Civil War? 2. What allowed the “area” a city occupied to expand? 3. What was a cable car and what were its advantages? 4. What were the two types of mobility that effected cities? 5. What were the old immigrants and who were the new imigrants? 6. What was Ellis Island used for? 7. What is a “ghetto” 8. Even though the immigrants weren’t rich, how did they still live full

and vital lives? 9. What did Jacob Riis write…explain 10. Describe the lives of the new urban middle class

Quiz 407 1. Name one magazine the middle class would read? 2. Name two entertainments or activities the Middle class would

typically do for a pass time 3. What is meant by Victorian or Genteel values? 4. How did the role of women change in the middle class? 5. What would be a lower class or immigrant pass time 6. Why didn’t the lower classes participate in the art and literature of

the day 7. What was the WCTU all about 8. Where was the daily meeting place of the immigrant male worker? 9. What activities and behaviors did the immigrants value that the

middle class thought of as un-American or immoral.

Quiz 1.

Progressives The first real “liberal” movement in America (want government to play a role in changing American society)

It is a response to the tremendous changes that industrialization and urbanization have brought to the country (This is not you momma’s America)

There are new challenges, new ideas, new roles and new people

Progressives are NOT a political party

It begins as a series of independent community movements to “make America a better place”

Local level, then pushes states to act, which in turn pushes the National Government act.

Issues: child labor, food and drug safety, working conditions in factories, big business practices

Middle and upper middle class educated people: middle managers at factories, newspaper publishers, college professors…..WHITE, ANGLO-SAXON, PROTESTANT….WASPs

They would organize as topic groups, not political party groups…so their efforts were not organized, but they were prolific

Newspapers, Magazine, lectures and talks

Progressives believe that government is the only institution large enough to balance the influence of Big Business.

Progressives believe that government has a major in shaping society

Octopus….meat packing industry

They are going to have a larger and larger impact on the policy makers

Fighting Bob Lafollette…and the Wisconsin plan…health and safety laws, working conditions reform, maximum work week, child labor laws and school reform

Expose=Pulitzer and Hearst and Yellow Journalism….the folks who go around look for scandals to write about, then laws and conditions change…..investigative journalism

Every guy wanted to be like him, every wife agreed

Charismatic (most love, but others hate, and nowhere in between)

Had strong beliefs and could articulate them

Took it the message…..whistle stop tour

Aggressive expansionist…..Spanish American War, Panama Canal, the Santo Domingo, Roosevelt Corollary, great White Fleet

Trust Buster: he told us monopolies hurt the common man and he would stop them…..our HERO…reality, he used speak softly and carry a big stick to force businesses to cooperate with his policies

Square Deal…..every American deserves fairness from business and government

Conservationist (not a preservationist), National Forests and National Parks are set up under him…..Gifford Pinchot is the first secretary of the Interior (manages the federal land)