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IndonesiaSouth East Asia Region
Maternal and Perinatal Health ProfileDepartment of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health (MCA/WHO)
Demographics and Information System Health status indicators - Maternal and Perinatal mortality Total population (2012) [1] Maternal mortality ratio (2010) [3]Total women aged 15-49 years (2012) [1] Annual number of maternal deaths (2010) [3]Annual number of births (2012) [1] Perinatal moratlity rate (2012)[4]Sex ratio at births (2005-10) [1] Stillbirth rate (2009)[3]Birth registration coverage [2] Neonatal mortality rate per 1000 live births (2012) [5]Total fertility rate (2012) [1] Annual number of neonatal deaths (2012) [5]Adolescent fertility rate [per 1000 woman] (2005-2010) [1]Under five population [1]
Coverage of vital registration of deaths [2]
Maternal nutrition Pregnancy involving risksPrevalence of anaemia among pregnant women Birth interval <24 months and birth order >3
Night blindness (adjusted) Total age <18 and birth interval <24 months
Iron tablets taken during pregnancy (any tablets)
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Maternal mortality
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR): maternal mortality per 100 000 live births
% change in MMR between 1990-2010Average annual % change in MMR 1990-2010
No Data Available
MDG 5 target by 2015
Source: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010 .
One of the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that has made some progress, albeit slow, is MDG 5: Improve maternal health. The two targets for assessing MDG 5 are reducing the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by three quarters between 1990 and 2015, and achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015.
Note: Consultations with countries were carried out following the development of the MMR estimates. The purposes of the consultations were primarily: to give countries the opportunity to review the country estimates, data sources and methods; to obtain additional primary data sources that may not have been previously reported or used; and to build mutual understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of available data and ensure broad ownership of the results.
Progress towards improving maternal health
–5.9
–4.9
150
Making
progress
–4.0
–63
Range of uncertainly on annual % change in MMR (lower estimate)Range of uncertainly on annual % change in MMR (upper estimate)
531.05
4,504,569 66,144,422 246,864,191
1515
9,600220
26
72,437
24,622,394
2.4
-
52
Sources: [1] Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision.
[2] WHO, World Health Statistics 2013 .
[3] WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and The World Bank estimates. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2010.
[4] Demographic Health Survey.
[5] UNICEF/WHO/The World Bank/UN Pop Div. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality. Report 201 3.
0.1
1.8
77.1
-
-
600
420 340
270 220
MDG5 Target, 150
0
200
400
600
800
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Pe
r 1
00
00
0 L
B
Indonesia
Perinatal mortality
Perinatal mortality rate (PMR): Trend Perinatal mortality by background characteristics
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Perinatal mortality by region
No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
The perinatal mortality rate expressed per 1000 pregnancies of seven or more months' duration, is used as an indicator of the quality of antenatal and perinatal care. Perinatal deaths include pregnancy losses of at least seven months’ gestation (stillbirths) and deaths to live births within the first seven days of life (early neonatal deaths).
Note: information on stillbirths and deaths to infants within the first week of life are highly susceptible to omission and misreporting.
9.6 10.4 10.6
14.7 14.5 15.6
24.0 25.0 26.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2002-03 2007 2012
Pe
r in
atal
mo
rtal
ity
rate
Stillbirth rate Early neonatal deaths rate PMR
26 30
45
20
35
15
35
15
35
15
0
20
40
60
80
Tota
l
Firs
t p
regn
ancy <1
5
39
+
Urb
an
Ru
ral
No
ed
uca
tio
n
≥ Se
con
dar
y
low
est
hig
hes
t
Previous pregnancyinterval in months
Place ofresidence
Mother'seducation
Wealthquintile
Pe
r in
atal
mo
rtal
ity
rate
26 23 18
24 31
24 19 20
15
28 34 32 29
24 27 31
38
21 26 24
20 22 15
30 29 28
19
41
30
17
46
21 26
21
45
19
51
0102030405060
Tota
l
Jav
a-B
ali
..D
KI J
akar
ta
..W
est
Java
..C
entr
al J
ava
..D
I Yo
gyak
arta
..Ea
st J
ava
..B
ante
n
..B
ali
Ou
ter
Java
-Bal
i I
..D
I Ace
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..N
ort
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um
ater
a
..W
est
Sum
ater
a
..So
uth
Su
mat
era
..B
angk
a B
elit
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..La
mp
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..W
est
Nu
sa T
en
ggar
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..W
est
Kal
iman
tan
..So
uth
Kal
iman
tan
..N
ort
h S
ula
wes
i
..G
oro
nta
lo
..So
uth
Su
law
esi
..R
iau
Isla
nd
s
Ou
ter
Java
-Bal
i II
..R
iau
..Ja
mb
i
..B
engk
ulu
..Ea
st N
usa
Te
ngg
ara
..C
entr
al K
alim
anta
n
..Ea
st K
alim
anta
n
..C
entr
al S
ula
wes
i
..So
uth
east
Su
law
esi
..W
est
Sula
wes
i
..M
alu
ku
..N
ort
h M
alu
ku
..P
apu
a
..W
est
Pap
ua
Pe
rin
atal
mo
rtal
ity
rate
Maternal and perinatal country profile
Indonesia
Early and late neonatal deaths (proportion of death by timing)
No Data Available
Source: Demographic and Health Survey
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
No Data Available
Source: Demographic and Health Survey
Trend of intervention coverage across continuum of care for maternal and perinatal health
A neonatal death is defined as a death during the first 28 days of life (0-27 days). Early neonatal death refers to a death between 0-6 days after birth. Late neonatal death refer to a death between 7-27 days after birth.
Late neonatal deaths
15% within 24
hours 33%
24-48 hours 25%
48-72hours 9% Day 3
9% Day 4 5%
Day 5 3%
Day 6 1%
Early neonatal deaths
85%
0
20
40
60
80
100
% of womencurrently using
moderncontraceptives
% of womenreceived ANC (at
least once)
% women whoreceived ANC 4 times
or more
IPT during ANC visit Place of delivery -Any health facility
% of births deliveredby C-section
% of women whohad PNC within 2
days
1987 1991 1994 1997 2002-03 2007 2012
Maternal and perinatal country profile
Indonesia
Place of birth and type of provider
Place of Births - Where are babies born? Type of postnatal care provider- who provides the postnatal care?
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012) Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Intervention coverage across continuum of care by geographical areas
No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Private hospital 45.9%
Home 36.0%
Public hospital 17.3%
Not known 0.6%
Others 0.2%
Nurse/midwife/auxillary nurse
60.0%
No checkup 19.9%
Qualified doctor 18.0%
Non-trained
providers 2.1%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Jav
a-B
ali
..D
KI J
akar
ta
..W
est
Jav
a
..C
en
tral
Jav
a
..D
I Yo
gyak
arta
..Ea
st J
ava
..B
ante
n
..B
ali
Ou
ter
Java
-Bal
i I
..D
I Ace
h
..N
ort
h S
um
ater
a
..W
est
Su
mat
era
..So
uth
Su
mat
era
..B
angk
a B
elit
un
g
..La
mp
un
g
..W
est
Nu
sa T
en
ggar
a
..W
est
Kal
iman
tan
..So
uth
Kal
iman
tan
..N
ort
h S
ula
wes
i
..G
oro
nta
lo
..So
uth
Su
law
esi
..R
iau
Isla
nd
s
Ou
ter
Java
-Bal
i II
..R
iau
..Ja
mb
i
..B
en
gku
lu
..Ea
st N
usa
Te
ngg
ara
..C
en
tral
Kal
iman
tan
..Ea
st K
alim
anta
n
..C
en
tral
Su
law
esi
..So
uth
east
Su
law
esi
..W
est
Su
law
esi
..M
alu
ku
..N
ort
h M
alu
ku
..P
apu
a
..W
est
Pap
ua
% of births assisted by skilled birth attendant % of births received post-natal care within 48 h
% of births delivered by C-section % of births in health facilities
Maternal and perinatal country profile
Indonesia
Equity across continuum of care
No Data Available
Note:
If more than one source of ANC was mentioned, only the provider with highest qualification is conserved in this tabulation.
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Utilization of services by wealth quintile% of births in health facility % of births assisted by skilled personnel
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012) Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
53
86.9
57.5
3.7
29.4
59.3
55.4
99.4 96.6
23.1
88 91.1
57
98.2
91.8
16.8
79.8
86
58.7
93.3
74.6
7.9
46.5
74.3
57.9
97
83.1
12.3
63.2
80.1
0
20
40
60
80
100
% of womencurrently using
moderncontraceptive
% women whoreceived any ANCby skilled provider
% births assisted byskilled personnel
% of births by C-section
% births in healthfacilities
% of birthsreceived postnatal
care
Pe
rce
nt
Poorest Richest Urban Rural Total
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% o
f b
irth
in h
eal
th f
acili
ty
Wealth quintile
Equity gap
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% o
f b
irth
s as
sist
ed
by
skill
ed
p
ers
on
ne
l
Wealth quintile
Equity gap
Maternal and perinatal country profile
Indonesia
% of births delivered by C-section % of mothers with postnatal checkup in <2 days of delivery
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012) Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Quality of care indicators Reasons for not seeking medical care
No Data Available No Data Available
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Source: Demographic Health Survey (2012)
Contents of ANC can be an important indicator for accessing the quality of ANC services that pregnant women receive in order to be prepared for complications and any danger signs associated with pregnancy and childbirth.
Many barriers can prevent women from seeking medical care in general when needed. Understanding these factors is critical to improve the accessibility and utilization of medical care during pregnancy and childbirth.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% o
f b
irth
s d
eliv
ere
d b
y C
-se
ctio
n
Wealth quintile
Equity gap
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest
% o
f b
irth
ts r
ece
ive
d p
ost
-nat
al c
are
Wealth quintile
Equity gap
0
20
40
60
80
100
Signs ofpregnancy
complications
Weightmeasured
Heightmeasured
Bloodpressure
measured
Urinesampletaken
Bloodsampletaken
Richest Poorest Total
020406080
100
Gettingpermission to
go fortreatment
Getting moneyfor treatment
Distance tohealth facility
Not wanting togo alone
Any of thespecifiedproblems
Total
Maternal and perinatal country profile
Indonesia
Midwifery workforce Midwives (including nurse-midwives) 1 ObstetriciansOther health professionals with some midwifery competencies 2General practitioners with some midwifery competencies
If yes, how many visits
Is there a national policy on discharge of mother and the baby after normal cildbirth at facility?
What year was the policy adopted?
Does the national policy require all maternal deaths to be reviewed?
If yes, what year was the policy adopted?
Is there a facility maternal death review (audit) process in place?
Is there a community maternal death review (audit) process in place?
Is there a national panel (committee) to review maternal deaths in place?
How often does the panel meet?
Is there a subnational panel (committee) to review maternal deaths in place?
StillbirthsIs there a policy that requires all stillbirths (fresh or macerated) to be reviewed?
What year was the policy adopted?
Is there a facility stillbirth review (audit) process in place?
Is there a community stillbirths review (audit) process in place?
Is there a policy that requires all neonatal deaths (0-28 days) to be reviewed?
What year was the policy adopted?
Is there a facility neonatal deaths review (audit) process in place?
Is there a community neonatal death review (audit) process in place?
Magnesium Sulphate
Oxytocin
Source: WHO: Maternal newborn, child and adolescent health policy database based on key informant surveys in 2009-10 & 2011YesYes
- Essential drugs list for maternal and newborn health
-
Does national Essential Drugs List include the following drugs indicated for use during pregnancy, childbirth?
---
Neonatal deaths-
Source: UNFPA, State of the World's Midwifery 2011 report .Notes: 1. Includes midwives, nurse-midwives and nurses with midwifery competencies. These figures do not necessarily reflect the number of practicing midwives or the ICM definition of a midwife. 2. Auxiliary midwives and auxiliary nurse-midwives
Does national policy require all maternal deaths to be notified within 24h to a central authority? Y/N
---
-
-
-----
Yes
Maternal deaths review
Health system and policy indicators
-
-
Is there a national policy or policy statement on the right of every woman to have access to skilled care at
childbirth?
Health system and policy indicators
Does the national policy/policy statement indicate the minimum ANC visits during the normal pregnancy?
Yes
4
Yes
No
Is there a policy recommending postnatal follow up visit/review by a trained provider for mother and newborn?
Community health workers with some midwifery training
870
- - -
93,889
Maternal and perinatal country profile