Who do you believe?Who do you believe?Comparing Perspectives about Comparing Perspectives about

Bear RiverBear River

Chapter 9: Settlements, Chapter 9: Settlements, Transportation, and MiningTransportation, and Mining

Bell ActivityBell ActivityYour words are “ruthless” & Your words are “ruthless” &

“skirmish”“skirmish” Find the words on your blue study guide and Find the words on your blue study guide and

complete the following information for the complete the following information for the word.word.Find the definition using a glossary.Find the definition using a glossary.Use your own knowledge and experience to Use your own knowledge and experience to

complete the rest of the definition.complete the rest of the definition.

Where should your backpack be?Where should your backpack be?

No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Word: ruthless My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence:

Synonym/Example:

Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: ruthless My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: without pity or compassion; Draw a picture of it:

cruel

Sentence:

Synonym/Example: cruel, brutal, merciless

Antonym/Non-Example: pity, compassion, kind

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: skirmish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence:

Synonym/Example:

Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: skirmish My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: a brisk conflict or Draw a picture of it:

encounter

Sentence: The

Synonym/Example: brief fight, short battle

Antonym/Non-Example: negotiation, peace

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Bell ActivityBell ActivityYour words are “brutality” & Your words are “brutality” &

“reservation”“reservation” Find the word on your blue study guide and Find the word on your blue study guide and

complete the following information for the complete the following information for the word.word.Find the definition using a glossary.Find the definition using a glossary.Use your own knowledge and experience to Use your own knowledge and experience to

complete the rest of the definition.complete the rest of the definition.

Where should your backpack be?Where should your backpack be?

No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Word: brutality My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence:

Synonym/Example:

Antonym/Non-Example:

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: brutality My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence: In war there is often a lot

of brutality.

Synonym/Example: cruelty, viciousness

Antonym/Non-Example: kindness, gentleness

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Word: reservation My Understanding: 4 3 2 1

Definition: Draw a picture of it:

Sentence: After losing their homelands,

many Native American tribes were

forced to move to reservation.

Synonym/Example: Navajo Reservation

Antonym/Non-Example: homeland unrestricted

Does your work look something like Does your work look something like this?this?

Bell ActivityBell ActivityTake out your map and notes.Take out your map and notes.Work on your map for the first 5 Work on your map for the first 5

minutes of class. minutes of class. (Due Friday!)(Due Friday!)If you are finished with the map, If you are finished with the map,

work on your study guide.work on your study guide.

Where should your backpack be?Where should your backpack be?

No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Today we will learn…Today we will learn…

History Objective – History Objective – We will compare andWe will compare and contrast primary contrast primary sources about the sources about the Battle of Bear River/Battle of Bear River/Bear River Massacre Bear River Massacre to learn about this to learn about this event. event.

Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: We Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: We will discuss our ideas and listen to others will discuss our ideas and listen to others respectfully.respectfully.

Language Objective - Language Objective - We will read the We will read the sources and discuss sources and discuss them with a small them with a small group, then compare group, then compare the source with the source with another perspective another perspective of the event.of the event.

Imagine this ScenarioImagine this Scenario You come upon two students fighting in the hallway. You come upon two students fighting in the hallway.

They are surrounded by a circle of classmates; some They are surrounded by a circle of classmates; some encouraging the combatants, the others looking afraid.encouraging the combatants, the others looking afraid.

A teacher appears on the scene and breaks up the A teacher appears on the scene and breaks up the fight. How should the teacher determine what fight. How should the teacher determine what happened?happened?

What if the teacher only listens to one of the student’s What if the teacher only listens to one of the student’s story, not the other’s? Is that fair and reasonable?story, not the other’s? Is that fair and reasonable?

Later, a principal has to determine the combatants’ Later, a principal has to determine the combatants’ fate. How does the principal, who didn’t even see the fate. How does the principal, who didn’t even see the fight, figure out what to do with them?fight, figure out what to do with them?

What if several days later another student comes What if several days later another student comes forward with evidence that one of the students wasn’t forward with evidence that one of the students wasn’t truthful? What should happen then?truthful? What should happen then?

Reading Like a HistorianReading Like a Historian If figuring out what happened in a fight If figuring out what happened in a fight

that just happened is difficult, what would that just happened is difficult, what would it be like to figure out what happened in a it be like to figure out what happened in a fight 150+ years ago?fight 150+ years ago?

Reading Like a HistorianReading Like a Historian How can we figure out what happened in How can we figure out what happened in

the past?the past? Think-pair-shair!Think-pair-shair!

Figuring out the Past:Figuring out the Past:Historical ThinkingHistorical Thinking

These two images show These two images show the Battle of Lexington, the Battle of Lexington, which is considered by which is considered by many to have started the many to have started the American Revolutionary American Revolutionary war.war.

Let’s watch a Let’s watch a clip to see to see how Disney portrayed this how Disney portrayed this event. event.

Is this movie accurate? Is this movie accurate? How can we find out?How can we find out?

Figuring out the Past:Figuring out the Past:Historical ThinkingHistorical Thinking

To figure out what To figure out what happened in any happened in any situation, we need situation, we need to ask a lot of to ask a lot of questions about the questions about the event and the event and the people involved.people involved.

Let’s look at how a Let’s look at how a history looks at the past and why historical and why historical thinking matters!thinking matters!

Reading Like a HistorianReading Like a Historian The event that happened at Bear River has The event that happened at Bear River has

been largely ignored by history…until now.been largely ignored by history…until now. Let’s examine the facts and figure out what Let’s examine the facts and figure out what

happened.happened.

Background FactsBackground Facts

In the last chapter we In the last chapter we learned that there was learned that there was conflict between the conflict between the settlers and the Native settlers and the Native Americans in the Salt Americans in the Salt Lake area.Lake area.

As more settlements As more settlements spread into northern spread into northern Utah, what do you Utah, what do you think will happen? think will happen?

Where did it Where did it happen?happen?

The Bear River The Bear River Massacre/Battle took place Massacre/Battle took place just north of Preston here just north of Preston here in Cache Valley.in Cache Valley.

People to KnowPeople to Know

Patrick ConnorPatrick Connor Chief SagwitchChief Sagwitch

This is what the area looks like now.This is what the area looks like now.

The First Document:The First Document: Before we read the document, we need to Before we read the document, we need to

learn more about the source. This is learn more about the source. This is called called SourcingSourcing..

Then we imagine the setting of the event Then we imagine the setting of the event – Historians call this – Historians call this ContextualizingContextualizing..

Next, we need to read the document Next, we need to read the document carefully, taking note of important carefully, taking note of important information. This is called information. This is called Close ReadingClose Reading..

Finally, we need to figure out if this Finally, we need to figure out if this document is backed up by other document is backed up by other information. This is called information. This is called CorroborationCorroboration..

Step 1:Step 1:

Let’s examine the Let’s examine the document. Open document. Open your folders to your folders to the first the first document.document.

I will do the first I will do the first doc, but follow doc, but follow along and answer along and answer the questions on the questions on your paper as we your paper as we find them.find them.

Step 2:Step 2:

Now let’s think Now let’s think about when/how about when/how this document this document took place.took place.

Step 3:Step 3:

Now let’s read Now let’s read the document the document carefully, taking carefully, taking note of note of important important information.information.

InstructionsInstructions

Now you will go through each of Now you will go through each of these steps with your group, then these steps with your group, then report back to the class about what report back to the class about what your learned.your learned.

Fill out your assignment as you go Fill out your assignment as you go through the second document in the through the second document in the folder.folder.

Compare and ContrastCompare and Contrast

When you compare the two documents, what When you compare the two documents, what events do they agree happened?events do they agree happened?

What do they disagree about?What do they disagree about?

So which version is the right one? So which version is the right one?

How can we figure out which one is more How can we figure out which one is more accurate? accurate?

Step 4: Step 4:

Now we need to Now we need to figure out how figure out how accurate and accurate and biased/unbiased biased/unbiased this document this document is.is.

Bear River, a continuing storyBear River, a continuing story

This monument was This monument was erected at the site erected at the site of the Bear River of the Bear River event.event.

Each side tells a Each side tells a slightly different slightly different version of the story.version of the story.

The First Marker…The First Marker…

This monument was This monument was erected in 1932 by erected in 1932 by the Franklin County the Franklin County Chapter of Chapter of Daughters of the Daughters of the Utah Pioneers and Utah Pioneers and other local other local associations.associations.

Whose side does Whose side does this part of the this part of the monument take?monument take?

Another marker…Another marker…

This was later This was later added to another added to another side of the side of the monument.monument.

How is it similar to How is it similar to the first plaque?the first plaque?

How is it different How is it different than the earlier than the earlier one?one?

Changing Ideas…Changing Ideas…

This monument This monument has a different has a different tone than the first tone than the first monument.monument.

When do you When do you think it was built?think it was built?

Colonel Connor’s Account Gets Colonel Connor’s Account Gets CompetitionCompetition

For many years the only side of the Bear River story that people For many years the only side of the Bear River story that people accepted was Colonel Connor’s and those that supported his version of accepted was Colonel Connor’s and those that supported his version of events.events.

In the last thirty years, the Shoshone’s side of the story has begun to be In the last thirty years, the Shoshone’s side of the story has begun to be recognized.recognized.

An addition to the original An addition to the original monument…monument…

This sign was This sign was added to the added to the original marker original marker site. site.

How is different How is different than the others?than the others?

Which perspective Which perspective does it take of the does it take of the incident?incident?

A new monument for a new A new monument for a new century.century.

The Shoshone The Shoshone perspective of Bear perspective of Bear River has gained River has gained acceptance among acceptance among scholars due to scholars due to corroboration with corroboration with other sources and other sources and evidence.evidence.

A new monument for a new A new monument for a new century.century.

The tribe has begun The tribe has begun to regain land at the to regain land at the sight of the massacre, sight of the massacre, they have created a they have created a new monument to new monument to give their side of what give their side of what happened.happened.

A more complete story?A more complete story?

A Continuing Search for A Continuing Search for “What Really Happened”…“What Really Happened”…

As historians continue As historians continue to find more primary to find more primary sources about the Bear sources about the Bear River Massacre, history River Massacre, history continues to adapt to continues to adapt to these new these new perspectives.perspectives.

History, itself, has History, itself, has history! history! And it can And it can change over time!change over time!

A Continuing Search for A Continuing Search for “What Really Happened”…“What Really Happened”…

There is still so much we There is still so much we could discover, evaluate, could discover, evaluate, re-evaluate, and learn re-evaluate, and learn about Bear River and about Bear River and other events in the past.other events in the past.

When you find an event When you find an event that interests you, dig that interests you, dig into the documents to into the documents to become an expert on become an expert on the past!the past!

Bell ActivityBell ActivityYour word is “plagued”Your word is “plagued” Find the word on your blue study guide and Find the word on your blue study guide and

complete the following information for the complete the following information for the word.word.Find the definition using a glossary.Find the definition using a glossary.Use your own knowledge and experience to Use your own knowledge and experience to

complete the rest of the definition.complete the rest of the definition.

Where should your backpack be?Where should your backpack be?

No gum in class. Throw it in the garbage before class begins!

Bear RiverResponse to Scenario (3 lines)

Answers to orange paper questions.

Bear River, a continuing story (back of paper at the end)

Response Question