Who Discovered the Cell?
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Transcript of Who Discovered the Cell?
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Who Discovered the Cell?
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• Prior to scientific research:– People thought disease was caused and cured by
supernatural beings
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Robert Hooke (1665)• Hooke observed a wide diversity of
organisms including insects, sponges, bryozoans, diatoms, and bird feathers.
• Robert Hooke coined the term “cell", in a biological context, as he described the microscopic structure of cork like a tiny, bare room or monk's cell in his landmark discovery of plant cells with cell walls.
• Hooke was able to confirm Leeuwenhoek's surprising observations of bacteria and protozoans, leading to the general acceptance of the Dutch scientist's results by the established scientific community.
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Cork Cells
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The eyes of a fly drawn by
Robert Hooke
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Anton von Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
• Began viewing specimens using a magnifying glass.
• He then used multiple glasses to further increase the magnification.
• During his lifetime he made over 247 microscopes.
• After an accidental discovery of what he called “animalcules” he provided the first complete descriptions of what later came to be collectively called bacteria.
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Light Microscope
• 1600’s 2 lens were combined
• Over next 200 years this was improved
• Up to 1500x magnification– Limited by
wavelength of light
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• Robert Brown (1831) - discovered the structure of the nucleus.
• Noticed that every plant cell had an opaque spot he thought to be insignificant
• He then found that every cell had this spot, even pollen and newly formed cells
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Schleiden & Schwann (1839)
• Together developed the “Cell Theory” which identified cells as the fundamental particles of plants and animals.
• They recognized that some organisms are unicellular and others multicellular.
• They also recognized common cell features and described them by comparison of various animals and plants.
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Electron microscopes
• Developed in the 1930’s
• Was able to magnify specimens 500,000x
• This allowed for study of the organelles
Algae and bacteria 5,000x
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Historical Background
• Improvement in microscopes in the last four centuries has allowed scientists to better develop the cell theory.