Turn-key CO2 Solutions to Permanently Reduce Demand for Electricity & meet Environmental Sustainability Goals

Introducing Innovative Green & Cool Transcritical CO2 Systems to the Energy Efficiency Innovations Forum

Presented to ETCC / SoCal Gas / ERC

December 10, 2012

Who are National Resource Management “NRM” and Green & Cool?

• NRM started in Boston in 1991 performing lighting retrofits expanded in 1994 to include refrigeration system energy savings solutions

• Primary expertise is in Refrigeration & HVAC proprietary controls, motors and refrigeration lighting applications.

• Green & Cool founded in 2002 making CO2 systems, racks & controls in Sweden.

• NRM installation base includes over 10,500 convenience and liquor stores; grocery stores; produce warehouses, food services warehouses, pharmaceutical & biotech manufacturing and storage, floral and meat distributors & schools from K-12 and higher education.

• Green & Cool has 480 installed CO2 Systems in 14 European Countries.

• NRM’s products have been accepted for rebates and incentives by over 40 utility and state run rebate programs in 20 States.

• NRM has saved customers over 1 billion kWh of energy since its inception

• NRM and Green & Cool are partnered since January 2012 to expand CO2 systems in N. America

The New Refrigeration Reality: Sustainable / Ecological Refrigerants are a Key Component to a Green Solutions Program

Carbon dioxide – CO 2 – R744is now established as the most ecologically friendly

refrigerant in store applications

One single super center with HFCs has »Global Warming Potential‹‹ (GWP) equal to 1,850 times same-sized CO2

supermarkets with CO2

*IPCC (2003)

ICA MAXI, Haparanda, Sweden with CO2

R404’s greenhouse effect is 3,922 times stronger than that of CO2 – R744

About CO2• CO2 was widely used in Commercial Refrigeration before

«freons» were introduced (1890 to 1950) mostly for ships and port warehouses

• Industrial and commercial reasons basically made its use disappear until 1988 when it was reintroduced at SINTEF (Norway)

• Not all CO2 systems and no Ammonia secondary cascade CO2 systems save energy. Most other CO2 Systems only operate in sub-critical state

• Green & Cool’s Transcritical CO2 Systems save considerable energy over other systems alternatives.

• CO2 systems are most popular in cold weather ambients but are also being modified to be effiecent in the ambients existing in California

CO2 has efficiencies better than R404AResults reported by EPEE, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm and many more ...

One application of CO2 refrigerant is called a transcritical system because part of the system operates above the critical point and part of the system operates below the critical point. Subcritical, supercritical, and transcritical all describe a refrigeration system’s operating pressures and temperatures relative to the critical point of the refrigerant in the system.

A typical “normal” refrigeration system is a subcritical system because everything happens below the critical point. In a supercritical system, all the components operate at pressures and temperatures above the critical point.

A supercritical system operates on gas compression and expansion with no change of state. All heat transfer occurs by the gas changing temperature. A transcritical system operates both above and below the critical point.

Heat is absorbed in an evaporator where liquid evaporates to a gas, but heat rejection takes place above the critical point, so there is no condensation in what normally would be considered the condenser.

The refrigerant does not condense back to a liquid until after the pressure is reduced.

Transcritical Defined:

Beyond the environmental benefits, unique features for heat recovery and lower energy consumption make CO2 systems even more

attractive.

+5 amb

X 2

X 11

COP 5,5

Considerable Efficiencies are realized as CO2 expands into Transcritical Ranges The coefficient of performance or COP is the ratio of the change in heat at the "output“ to the supplied work. The COP was created to compare energy efficiency.

Design point80 bar, 96°C205°F

Minimum13°C Approach55.4°F

R744 is the refrigerant designation given CO2

Green & Cool CO2 Systems are the only systems available that operate at 80/80/120 bar ranges [1160/1160/1740 psi]and therefore are able to maximize energy efficiency

Cost of first install, energy savings, maintenance savings: CO2 vs HFC DX and CO2 vs NH3

• Green & Cool Equipment comparisons on like Grocery Store Installations cost between 15% and 20% more than conventional DX HFC systems. But, costs 5% - 10% less to install.• Green & Cool Systems cost less to install by 5% – 20% than ammonia systems• The average energy savings benefit of a Green & Cool System vs HFC DX is 15% - 18% per year on average on the systems operating today. Also the high heat produced when reclaimed for use like heating water for hydronic heating etc “free-heat” can add up to as much as a 24% additional overall energy reduction.• Considerable Maintenance savings on Green & Cool CO2 Systems have been achieved.• No leaching meaning no recharging of R744 like exists with HFC’s.

Advanced, user-friendly control system developed by Green & Cool specifically for CO2 system management

• Energy Management on the entire Refrigeration System• Integrated heat reclaim control - Control of HVAC Units - Pump Control (outlet temp HR)• Web Access• Compatible with BMS / BAC controls systems including: -- Danfoss, Carel, RDM, Wϋrm, Emerson and fully Modbus compatible.• COP measurement capability• Multi Lingual

Business approachNRM Green & Cool systems are the most environmentally-friendly, energy efficient and modern CO2 refrigeration racks

NRM operates from ‹‹specification through to installation›› for Green & Cool Systems in the USA and Canada.

Our Challenges:1. NRM Green & Cool Transcritical Systems are new to the North American market. Our systems are innovative and effective but so far we are initiating our first pilot project installations in NJ and IN. Our greatest challenge is in meeting “Resistance to Innovation”. 2. Europe, due to very high energy costs and serious concerns on Global Warming issues has led the way on efficient CO2 system development. Only CO2 systems can be installed in Denmark Supermarkets today. The UK, Sweden, Norway & Finland are next.3. We need to get the word out on the advantages of R744 and the efficiencies of Green & Cool Transcritical Systems.

Our Appeal:4. The data to support our efficiency claims and environmental claims are extensive. NRM has a reputation developed over 22 years in the energy conservation and environmental sustainability areas for honest and reasonable reporting of energy savings. 5. We need additional pilot projects to prove to customers the advantages of Transcritical CO2 operation. Our present pilots are with internationally recognized companies whose senior management has dictated they will be freon free within a 3 to 5 year period. We need to enlist other C-Suite management to take similar pledges.6. We need your help to establish a “Methodology” to calculate the energy savings on Transcritical CO2 Systems in such a way as to include them on your energy rebate programs.7. We need your support and access to any funding or testing capabilities to advance the cause of CO2 Transcritical Refrigeration. As you are already aware, refrigerated systems are the largest consumers of energy as a segment and their refrigeration systems represent 60% of their energy use

Commercial Refrigeration, Industrial Refrigeration and Stationary Air Conditioning (HVAC) represent 54% of the opportunity!

*IPCC Data

Freon and other HFC / HCFC Refrigerants are proven to be significant contributors to ozone layer depletion and considered by many to be a major contributors to Global Warming.Treaties including Montreal & Kyoto Protocols & Uruguay Round all require significant reductions of certain types Freon and other HFC / HCFC use in coming yearsThe CO2 used in Green & Cool Systems reclaims the CO2

charge from the environment [environmentally benign]. If for any reason it is released it is of zero net environmental effect.

Green & Cool product range • Modular self-contained plug & play units for indoor and outdoor use• Condensing units, Evaporator units water chillers and heat pumps all with CO2 and designed primarily for:Supermarkets, Super Centers, convenience stores, gasoline stations, official buildings, process industry, food industry, and the pharmaceutical and biogenetics industries.

Mistral CCU SC

Sirocco Crystal CDU

Sirocco CLU

NRM Awards

NRM has achieved numerous awards for energy savings and controls applications

CONTACTSFor additional information:www.nrminc.comwww.greenandcool.com

Jim Kalish 216 440 0352 jkalish@nrminc.com CO2 System DirectorTed Kohlenberger 909 287 6654 tedk@nrminc.com California Team Leader

OTHER RECOMMENDED SOURCES OF INFORMATIONwww.R744.com www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/sroc/sroc_full.pdfwww.ashrae.org

Thank You for your interest!