WHO and INGOBY

DR.RAKHSHINDA AMBREENLECTURER COMMUNITY MEDICINE, JMDC

MSPH TRAINEE

Objectives

By the end of the session students will be able to describe: History and Principles of WHO Role of WHO in public health Various UN agencies Various INGOs Role of NGOs and CBOs

HISTORY OF WHO

When diplomats met to form the United Nations in 1945, one of the things they discussed was setting up a global health organization

WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948

Now it has more than 7000 people working in 150 country offices, in 6 regional offices and at the headquarters Turkish doctor inoculates child against TB, 1970s

WHO: Bringing health to life

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSYaGCfPrxo

INTRODUCTION

The World Health Organization is a specialized agency within the charter of United Nations.

WHO was established on 7th April 1948. Also remember this date as… World Health Day

The headquarters of WHO is located in… Geneva.

WHO serves as the directing and coordinating authority for International health matters and public health.

Goal Build a better, healthier future for people all over the world Ensure the highest attainable level of health for all people.In collaboration with governments and other partners combat diseases :- infectious diseases like influenza and HIV noncommunicable ones like cancer and heart disease. mother and child health survive safety of the air people breathe the food they eat the water they drink medicines vaccines

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF WHO

STRUCTURE OF WHO

WHO HEALTH ASSEMBLY

THE EXECUTIVE

BOARDTHE

SECRETARIAT

STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF WHO

1)The World Health Assembly (Parliament) :

The world health assembly is the supreme decision making body for WHO.

It generally meets in Geneva in May each year, and is attended by delegations from all 193 member states.

The health assembly appoints the Director-General. Supervises the financial policies of the organization and reviews

and approves the proposed program budget.

The Executive Board :

The executive board is composed of 34 members technically qualified in the field of health.

Members are elected for 3 year terms. The main functions of the board are to give effect to the

decisions and policies of the health assembly, to advise it and generally to facilitate its work

The Secretariat :

The secretariat of WHO is staffed by some 8000 health and other experts and support staff on fixed-term appointment, working at headquarters in the 6 regional offices.

The role of WHO in Public Health WHO fulfils its objectives through its core functions:

Providing leadership on matters critical to health Engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed Shaping the research agenda Stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of

valuable knowledge Setting norms and standards Promoting and monitoring their implementation Articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options

The role of WHO in Public Health Providing technical support

Catalyzing Change Building Sustainable Institutional Capacity Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends

What is INGO?

Has the same mission as NGO; however, it is international and has outputs around the world.

Most INGO were created after WWII An INGO can be founded by a private philanthropy Each INGO have different purposes ex: policy making, foster the community

http://www.coe.int/t/ngo/conference/Rules_of_Procedure_240113_en.asp

United Nations

What is it?

An international organization created October 25 1945 by 51 countries committed to ensure international peace and security.

They also work together to eliminate poverty, disease and illiteracy, stop and prevent the expansion of environmental destruction, and securing human basic rights.

Five main members were China, Soviet Union, United States, United Kingdom, and France

Main headquarters are in New York City, but it also has main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna.

UN’s Five Main Organs

General Assembly (made up of the 193 nations that talk about the main international issues )

Security Council (smallest organ composed of only 15 members ) Economic and Social Council  (they are the ones that meet with

the World Bank and the IMF) Trusteeship (Ensures that the inhabitants of mandates of the

League of Nations were able to obtain peace and security ) International Court of Justice main judicial organ of the UN which

was located in the Peace Palace in The Hague Netherlands Secretariat (in charge of doing the day to day job of the

organization )

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1xkXZs0cAQ

What is it?

It stands for United Nations Children’s Fund Main purpose is to ensure that every children has their natural rights “They created it to works with others to overcome the obstacles of

poverty, violence, disease and discrimination ” They are active in 191 countries Ensure that girls receive primary education as a minimum Prevent the spread of AIDS Create protective environments for children Work to assure equality among both genders

http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.html

UNFPA is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted (family planning), every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled.

UNFPA expands the possibilities for women and young people to lead healthy and productive lives.

Since UNFPA started working in 1969, the number – and rate – of women dying from complications of pregnancy or childbirth has been halved. Families are smaller and healthier. Young people are more connected and empowered than ever before.

http://www.unfpa.org/about-us#sthash.T5RQQjjt.dpuf

UNHCR (United Nations High Commission for Refugees )

The office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was created in 1950, during the aftermath of the Second World War, to help millions of Europeans who had fled or lost their homes. What they do for the refugees: Advocacy cash based interventions education, provide asylum and mitigation shelter, protection, safe guarding individuals

Other UN organizations supporting WHO

UNICEF UNFPA UNDP UNODC UN-HABITAT UNDP  UNDSS UNICEF UNWOMEN  WFP  FAO IFAD ILO IOM

• UNAIDS• UNESO• UNFPA• UNHCR• UNIC• UNIDO• UNMGIP• UNOCHA• UNODC• UNOPS • UNRC• UNV

OTHER INGOs

Melinda and Gates foundation----HIV, Malaria, mother and child health

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2VdMqmVtnOM SOS Children's Villages MERCYCORPS-------alleviate suffering, poverty and oppression by

helping people build secure, productive and just communities.

OXFAM--------alleviation of poverty MCHIP led by JHPIEGO-------mother and child health

NGO and CBOs

Provision of Services is the basic function Important inputs to health like: Transforming public understanding and attitudes about health Community Mobilization Promoting healthy public choices Building more effective interactions between health services and clients Enhancing community control over and commitment to health interventionsExamples:EDHI FOUNDATION, AMAN FOUNDATION,AGHA KHAN RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM,AL-KHIDMAT FOUNDATION,HANDS,HOPE.MEMON FOUNDATION

Thank you!

References

http://www.unicef.org/about/who/index_introduction.html http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/22/nyregion/near-the-un-

convening-for-drinks.html?ref=unitednations&_r=0 http://www.un.org/en/mainbodies/ http://www.who.int/en/