WHO 1 Pretesting Educational Materials Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community Pretesting...

Pretesting Educational MaterialsPromoting Rational Drug Use in the Community WHO

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Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community

Pretesting educational materials


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Session objectives

Understand importance of pretesting Understand when, where, with

whom and how to pretest Understand how malaria instruction

materials are tested Learn skills to conduct pretesting

interview, and assess the information obtained

Learn to advocate the importance of pretesting


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Pretesting assesses:

Recognition: have the materials been understood?

Acceptability: is there anything offensive/unacceptable in the materials?

Familiarity and relevance: is the problem known and relevant to the target audience?People are most likely to

consider/adopt change if these factors are considered


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Assessing perception of a picture

This visual is from Kilifi, Kenya, where it is used as a symbol of child fever


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Why should you pretest?

Save money Avoid big mistakes Reach people with useful

information and education – which they can understand, accept, and act on


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Uganda Red Cross Poster

Source: Uganda Red Cross, Kampala, 1985


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Two versions of a teaching poster

Source: Ministry of Health and UNICEF Nepal, 1977


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Litrosol: Small details make a difference

From: Rasmuson MR et al. Communication for child survival, United States Agency for International Development, June 1988, Washington DC


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Main influences on quality of information:

Attitude of pretester Interpersonal communication skills The way you ask (open) questions The way you listen actively to the

respondent


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Exercise

Develop an instruction (visual + verbal) on how to use drugs (ARVs or AMs) with a patient. Define who the patient is (rural/urban…..

Develop some questions to ask, to find out if the instructions are understood, accepted and relevant

Test out the instruction with one of the participants in the course.


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When should you pretest?

Early in the process of developing materials

Use rough materials


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Nepal Healthy Baby

Source: Haaland A. Pretesting Communication Materials


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With how many do you pretest?

Test with 10-30 people, depending on version

Key problems show in first 5-10 interviews

Keep testing until you: Have defined the problem, or seen trend

in responses Know what the next version should look

like

70% of respondents should recognise final version


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Individuals, or groups?

Test with individuals to define the problem

Test with groups to find a solution


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Pretesting interview guidelines: 1 Undisturbed place: Respondent at ease Motivate respondent to participate: Explain

purpose of interview Take away the fear: You are testing the

picture, NOT the intelligence of respondent No right or wrong answers Convince the respondent as “expert“

his/her opinion is valuable Invite respondent to ask questions


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Pretesting interview guidelines: 2

Essential methods during interview: Asking open questions Probing Active listening Discuss/agree Work in pairs – interviewer and

recorder


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Pretesting interview guidelines: 3What to avoid: Telling people they are wrong (or implying

it) Arguing or contradicting Teaching or advising Talking with others during interview

(recorder or community members) Challenging or leading questions Testing too many pictures with one person Testing too much text at a time


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Pretesting interview guidelines: 4

Methods to test pictures:

Test pictures one at a time for recognition, familiarity, relevance

If several versions, test for preference

Ask for suggestions

Test last for meaning/abstract interpretation


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Pretesting interview guidelines: 5Methods to test text: respondent reads text - note difficult words and

hesitation ask for words which are difficult ask respondent what text means (after each

section/sentence) - if it not clear explain ask how respondent would express idea in own

words at the end ask about understanding of whole compare understanding to purpose ask for suggestions


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Pretesting interview guidelines: 6Methods to test radio programmes: Play programme through without interruption Ask respondent questions based on

objectives Test for recognition of ideas/contents,

acceptability and familiarity Play the programme piece by piece. Ask respondent to stop the programme when

he/she has something to say Ask suggestions for changes.


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Pretesting summary

Pretesting is important in making your interventions effective

Pretesting assesses familiarity, acceptability and relevance

Pretesting saves time and money Pretesting needs careful planning Successful pretesting depends on

practice and good communication skills.

WHO 1 Pretesting Educational Materials Promoting Rational Drug Use in the Community Pretesting...

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