Whitepaper 3D Projection Technology...Whitepaper 3D Projection Technology Active-, Passive-...

Whitepaper

3D Projection TechnologyActive-, Passive- Projection Technology

© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)

Dr.-Ing. Dipl.-Kfm. Christoph RundeVirtual Dimension Center (VDC) FellbachAuberlenstr. 1370736 Fellbachwww.vdc-fellbach.de

Active-, Passive- Projection Technology

VDC-Technology screening: 3D projection technology

� Basics� Projection systems� Construction types projection systems� Further trends

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Content:

Basics

Projection systems

Construction types of

projection systems

•Display systems:

•Autostereosc. systems•Volumetr. displays

Further trends

Basics: Terms and motivation

� 3D visualization = spatial vision� Providing two, slightly offset perspectives

for the viewer� Possibly head tracking

Thereby:

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•Display systems:


Further trends

Thereby:� Brain assigns spatialities better� Better feeling for the near and far� Building a mental, spatial environment

model is easier� Support for 3D interaction (space must

be known for this)

Graphical depth criteria

� What does the brain calculate/ work with?

Source: Runde, C.: Konzeption und Einführung von Virtueller Realität als Komponente der Digitalen Fabrik in Industrieunternehmen. Zugl.: Stuttgart,

Univ., Diss., 2007, IPA-IAO Forschung und Praxis, 455. Heimsheim: Jost-Jetter Verlag, 2007

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

•Display systems:


Further trends

Basics: Stereo solutions

� Two views are generated� These 2 views have to be transported separately to the two eyes� Note: natural eye distance (about 6.5cm) allows reasonable

stereoscopic vision at a distance of up to 15m� Greater distance: increase parallax� Quality criteria, amongst others:

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

•Display systems:


Further trends

� Quality criteria, amongst others: o Optical crosstalk (eye receives false signal): ghostingo Overall brightnesso Uniformity of brightness distribution (hot spots) o Focus (tinting)

o Contrast, dynamics

Stereo technologies

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projection systems

•Display systems:


Further trends

Stereo technology 1: Color filter

� Anaglyph technology(complementary color views andfilters)

⊕ Any display, screen, projector, wall is suitable, even printed products

Red-Cyan-Anaglyph glasses

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Further trends

suitable, even printed products⊕ Glasses passive⊕ Glasses are light and cheap

Θ CrosstalkΘ View is black and white

Anaglyphic image from Google Earth

Stereo technology 2: Polarization filter technology

Basic technology:� Polarization filter technology

(Light waves polarization, passive stereo)

⊕ Light glasses, passive⊕ No sync necessary

Projectiondesign F32

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Further trends

⊕ No sync necessary⊕ No flickeringΘ Two projectors necessaryΘ Rack and calibrationΘ Special projection medium necessary

(polarization obtaining)Θ Irregular brightness distribution

suitable projection screens tend to hotspotting

Polarization filter glasses

Silver screen

Polarization technology: Brightness

Consideration luminous flux in passive solutions

Achieved lumens:� Integrated solutions

improvesignificantly

External polarization of DLP projectors

40%2000

stereo lumen

5000lumen

Source:

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

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Further trends

significantly

BARCO Gemini/VR workroom Stereo Lumens Boost

80%

stereo lumen

4000stereo lumen

5000lumen

100%improvement

Stereo technology 3: INFITEC®

� Passive-INFITEC

⊕ Any wall can be used⊕ No sync necessary⊕ Passive glasses (no power supply)⊕ Color fidelity remains largely preserved

Filter characteristics INFITEC

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Further trends

⊕ Color fidelity remains largely preserved⊕ No flickering

Θ Two projectors necessaryΘ Loss of brightnessΘ Rack and calibration

INFITEC glasses

Projectiondesign F32

INFITEC: Brightness

Consideration luminous flux in passive INFITEC solutionsAchieved lumens:� Efficiency:

oColor spectrum is only partly transmitted � 30% of the light from

Source:

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Further trends

� 30% of the light fromprojector

o 3% loss due to glasseso 27% overall efficiency

� INFITEC Plus: o Color correction („DynaColor“)

compensation of color shiftso More brightness gets lost:

result: 17%

Stereo technology 4: Active-Shutter

Basic technologies� Shutter technology, LCD, active stereo� Display: at least 120Hz refresh rate⊕ Depending on the system, very low

crosstalk⊕ Any wall can be used when projecting

Shutter glasses Nvidia IR emitter

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Further trends

⊕ Any wall can be used when projectingΘ Glasses are heavierΘ Active glasses: power supplyΘ Glasses polarizedΘ Usually an emitter for synchronization of

image glasses is necessaryΘ Loss of brightnessΘ Possibly flickering (cheap projectors)

In the past: CRT projector

Today: DLP.

Example: projectiondesign F10 AS 3D

Active-Stereo: Brightness

Consideration luminous flux in active solutions DLP/CRT

Achieved lumens:� Active glasses:

o Light reaches eye in <50% of the time

Quelle:

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<50% of the time � half amount of brightness

o The shutter principle usespolarization technology (two LCDs)Incoming light is not polarized� half amount of brightness

� Result: <20% of the light reaches the eye

� Duty Cycle

� Non-ideal polarization

Active-Stereo: DLP-Link

� Active stereo without IR emitter: DLP-Link®

� White image is sent between graphics and is used to synchronize the glasses

⊕ No external IR emitter has to be set up

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Basics

Projection systems


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Further trends

⊕ No external IR emitter has to be set upanymore

Projectiondesign F10 AS3D

XPanD X102 DLP-Link shutter glasses

Stereo technology 5: Active-Infitec

� Active-INFITEC inFACT: functionality

Shutter glasses

L LRLR144 Hz

Traditional active stereo

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

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Further trends

L LRLR

Active Infitec: Infitec color wheel, synchronized with L/R images

144 Hz

Active-Infitec

Basic technologies� Active INFITEC - inFACT

(INFITEC in time division)

⊕ Any wall can be used⊕ No sync necessary

INFITEC glasses

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

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Further trends

⊕ No sync necessary⊕ Passive glasses (no power supply)⊕ Color fidelity remains largely

preserved⊕ Less hot spotting compared to

polarizing filtersΘ Loss of brightnessΘ Costs

BARCO Galaxy 12

Brightness active-Infitec

Consideration luminous flux in active INFITEC solutions

Achieved lumens:� Increase the time of darkness

of the DLP projector so that the color wheel can

85% L/R: 42,5%11%

Source:

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Further trends

that the color wheel can switch between INFITEC A/ B� 85% brightness

� Distribute to both eyes: 42,5%� INFITEC filter: 11%� Color correction DynaColor:

7% of brightness remain

31,5%11%

Stereo technology 6: Active-polarization filter

� Polarization filter in time division: temporally alternating circularly polarized light, clockwise and counterclockwise

⊕ Only 1 projector⊕ No sync necessary⊕ Passive glasses (no power supply)

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Further trends

⊕ Passive glasses (no power supply)Θ Specific projection medium (silver screen)Θ Specific equipment: polarization modulator

Polarizing filter glasses

RealD: Polarization Modulator polarizes alternately in a high frequency

L L LR R

Construction types of projection systems

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Further trends

Projection systems – Construction types

Powerwalls� THE industrial standard system⊕ Almost arbitrary scalable⊕ Resolution almost arbitrary⊕ Multi-user capableΘ Possibly installation & maintenance

Imsys scale XL with

41 million pixels on

5.5 x 2.2m

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Further trends

Θ Possibly installation & maintenance

CAVEs� To take an inside perspective⊕ High immersionΘ Single-user systemΘ Installation, maintenanceΘ Space requirement, costs

Multi wall projection system

CAVE

Projection systems – Constructiontypes

1-channel workbench� For product investigations⊕ Compact, mechan. trackingΘ Product expired BARCO Baron

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

•Display systems:


Further trends

2-channel workbench� For product investigations⊕ Very large field of view coveredΘ Partially big dimensionsΘ Product expired

BARCO Consul


Flat angled systems� Compromise between CAVE

and Powerwall⊕ Relatively good immersion⊕ Relatively easy to set upΘ Slight distortions on the edges for

Design review at Miele

(Source: BARCO)

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

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Further trends

Θ Slight distortions on the edges for non-tracked

Curved screens� Cylindrical or toroidal projection surface⊕ Good immerisonΘ Difficult installation

because of distortions, edge blending

Joint Terminal Attack Controller

Training Rehearsal System JTAC

TRS (Source: Meta VR)


Desk systems� Simultaneous 2D and 3D

view� Projection on desk surface

and on wall/ canvas� Partially cubes as interaction

Screenshot

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Basics

Projection systems


projection systems

•Display systems:


Further trends

� Partially cubes as interaction metaphors

⊕ Multiuser system⊕ Link 2D-3D⊕ Simultaneous layout

and perspectiveΘ Interaction "over head”

partially unsolved

Working situation at planning deskScheme representation planning desk

Projection technology: Contrast

Discussion: Contrast

� Flexible canvasΘ Poor contrast due to "tunnel effect"

as a result of internal reflections

Flexible canvas

Bright projection screen

Source:

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Further trends

� Bright projection screenΘ Poor contrast due to internal

reflections inside the disc material

� Dark projection screen („tinting“)⊕ Good contrast thanks to absorption in

the disc materialΘ Loss of brightness

Dark projection screen

Projection technology: Contrast

Discussion: Contrast� Local contrast relevant for high dynamic

visualizations� To measure with light spot in dark

surroundings� Result: contrast profile

Contrast profile

Source:

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� Result: contrast profile

� Tinted disc⊕ Significantly improved contrast

characteristicsΘ Needs a lot of light

Bright disc

Dark disc

Projection technology: Hot Spot

Discussion: Hot Spot� Single projector solutions⊕ Relatively inexpensive⊕ Simple, no edge blending, etc.Θ Tend to hot spottingΘ Light performance is limited

Hot spot single

projector solution

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Further trends

Θ Light performance is limited

Note: polarization-preserving discstend even more to hot-spotting!

� Multi projector solutions⊕ Almost any resolution⊕ Very high light performance possible

� dark projection screens⊕ Light distributionΘ More complex in the establishment

CAD wall

Projection technology: Single vs. Multi-Channel

Discussion single vs. multi projector solutions� Technical image

characteristics and necessary prerequisites

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Further trends

prerequisites� Space requirement

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3500mm 7500mm

Mini-CAD/VR-Wall

Projection wall with� Up to 6 megapixel resolution� Up to15.000 ANSI lumens� Up to 208 inches diagonal� Up to 55 cm construction depth� Stereo compatible

Schneider Digital Mini CAD/VR Wall

Shutter glasses

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Basics

Projection systems


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Further trends

� Stereo compatible

Wide-angle short distance projector

Multi-viewer stereo systems

� Multi-user head tracking� Motion parallax, progressive

(un)covering: depth criterion� Different views for different user

positions have to be displayed and separated Different perspectives due to different positions

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projection systems

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Further trends

separated� Use of many time slots or combination

of polarizing filter -time division

⊕ Head tracking for multiple user

Θ Loss of brightness

Different perspectives due to different positions

(Source: University Weimar, Fh-IAO)

View on projection system: 2 perspectives due to 2 different

positions (Source: University Weimar, Fh-IAO)

Further trends

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Further trends

LED-Projectors

� LED as light source� For professional purposes relatively

new on the market

⊕ Long service life⊕ (Almost) maintenance-free

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Further trends

⊕ (Almost) maintenance-free⊕ 1920×1080 pixels⊕ No cooling, warm-up phase

Θ Brightness in development(but: ANSI lumens LED to DLP difficult to compare) Projectiondesign FL32 LED projector

Pico-Projectors

� Mini projectors based on LED

⊕ Very small⊕ Partially with battery, multimedia

reader⊕ Long service life

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Further trends

⊕ Long service life⊕ No cooling, warm-up phase

Θ Low resolutionΘ DarkΘ Low-contrast

Aiptek Pocketcinema

Thank you very much for your interest! You are interested in this topic and you are looking for contact persons/ implementationpartners? Please contact us.

© Competence Centre for Virtual Reality and Cooperative Engineering w. V. – Virtual Dimension Center (VDC)

Virtual Dimension Center (VDC) FellbachAuberlenstraße 1370736 Fellbachwww.vdc-fellbach.de

Whitepaper 3D Projection Technology...Whitepaper 3D Projection Technology Active-, Passive-...

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