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WHII.9

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WHY???

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Spurred by revolution in technology Originated in England because of 1. Natural resources! Mainly Coal and Iron Ore Water power and coal to fuel new machines Iron Ore to construct machines, tools, and buildings Rivers for inland transportation Harbors from which merchant ships set sail What are natural resources?

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Originated in England because. 2. The invention and improvement of the steam engine occurred in England Who was this invented by? 3. Supportive economy and workforce 4. Willingness to invest 5. Political stability 6. Had ALL factors of production that were needed Land, Labor and Wealth! From England, it spread to the rest of Europe and then United States

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1700small farms covered England Wealthy landowners bought out small village farmers Improved farming methods (agricultural revolution) After buying all of the land it was enclosed Enabled to cultivate larger fields (enclosures) Landowners experimented with more productive seeding and harvesting methods Higher crop yields!

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Results: New agricultural methods Large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers OR give it up and move to cities What did this lead to? (Especially for cities?)

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Britains textile industry clothed the WORLD in wool, linen, and cotton. First industry to industrialize Late 1700 to early 1800 Several major machines modernized the cotton industry Among them were the spinning jenny, flying shuttle, and cotton gin

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Flying Shuttle Invented by John Kay Doubled the work a weaver could do in one day First operated by hand WEAVES the yarn into CLOTH

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Spinning Jenny Invented by James Hargreaves Cash prize attracted people to work to invent a spinner that could keep up with the fast pace of the weaver (flying shuttle) Named the spinning wheel after his daughter Allowed one spinner to work eight threads at a time First operated by hand

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Invented by James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny

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Cotton Gin Invented by Eli Whitney Englands cotton came from plantations in the American south Industrialization of the textile industry in England increased the demand for cotton dramatically 1790s: removing seeds from raw cotton was VERY hard work and VERY prickly!! 1793: cotton gin was invented to speed up the process

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Invented by Eli Whitney American cotton production skyrocketed.. 1.5 million pounds in 1790 to 85 million pounds in 1810!!! Cotton Gin

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Invented by James Watt 1765 Scottish Prior to his faster and more efficient improvement it used too much fuel Watts steam engine would work faster and more efficiently while burning less fuel. Built a better engine to be used in factories and transportation Steam engine makes factories have power!

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Invented by James Watt Steam Engine

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Invented by Henry Bessemer Created a process for making steel First inexpensive process for creating steel out of iron Burned excess carbon and impurities out of molten iron

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Invented by Henry Bessemer The Bessemer Process

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The Bessemer Process Henry Bessemer

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Developed by Edward Jenner 1 st successful vaccine Why did this have a large impact on life?

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Discovered by Louis Pasteur French chemist Developed germ theory of disease Mid-1800s Bacteria causes disease! While examining fermentation process of alcohol Developed pasteurization process Kill germs in liquids such as milk

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1. Cotton Gin 2. Spinning Jenny 3. Flying Shuttle 4. Bessemer Process 5. Smallpox Vaccine 6. Bacteria G. Eli Whitney F. John Kay E. Edward Jenner D. James Watt 7. Steam Engine c. John Hargreaves b. Louis Pasteur a. Henry Bessemer Match the inventions and people below.

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Population increase Increased standards of living for many BUT not all Improved transportation Urbanization (what?) Environmental pollution Increased education Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions Growth of middle class

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American Robert Fulton Invented the Steamboat Led to transportation of goods and people up and down rivers George Stephenson Invented, improved, and built the Steam Locomotive The Rocket Led to widespread development of railroads for transportation of people and goods Roads were also improved Drainage systems were invented to eliminate the problem of mud

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How did environmental pollution increase due to the industrial revolution?

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Average worker spent 14 hours a day on the job, 6 days a week Factory owners wanted to increase production and keep machines going as much as possible Factories were not clean and poorly lit Workers were injured by machines No government program/protection to aid workers (worker comp.) Most dangerous conditions were in the coal mines

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New middle class transformed social structure of Great Britain and other industrialized nations

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WHY???

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WHII.9c

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The effects of the Industrial Revolution I. Increase in population, education, and middle class N. New advancements in Science (Jenner and Pasteur) D. Dangerous Working conditions U. Urbanization (city growth) S. Standard of Living increases (how much you can buy) T. Transportation improves (trains) R. Rise of pollution Y. Yeah, improvements to steel production (Bessemer process)

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First factory system was created at home in cottages Cottage Industry Family-based Cottage industry was displaced by the new factory system

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Farm #2 Town START FINISH Cottage Industry The Merchants Route Farm #1 Farm #3 Sheep Farms

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The Factory System The Workers System Workers House The Factory

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Harsh working conditionsmen competed with women and children for wages/jobs Child laborkept costs of production low and profits high Owners of mines and factories exercised HUGE control over the lives of their laborers

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Due to the new inventions did need for slave labor increase or decrease? Why or why not? Due to the cotton gin the demand for slave labor on American plantations increased. 1800s: United States and Great Britain outlawed the slave trade and then slavery.

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Women and children entering the workplace as CHEAP labor Introduction of reforms to end child labor Expansion of education Womens increased demands for suffrage What does that mean?

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1. What were the social effects of the industrial revolution? 2. How did the industrial revolution change slavery? In addition, how was slavery effected in the long run? 3. In what country did the industrial revolution begin and how did it spread? 4. List at least three reasons why the revolution began in the country it did. 5. What was the first industry to industrialize?

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Encouraged work-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children Wanted workers rights and collective bargaining between labor and management What is collective bargaining?

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Pg. 304-306 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdu2 wrOZVsY&p=1B26308E66D92C98&playn ext=1&index=14 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdu2 wrOZVsY&p=1B26308E66D92C98&playn ext=1&index=14

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What is an economic system? The way a government or state uses their money Governments use money to help people or provide for them It depends on your economic system as to how it spends that money

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An economic system Believes in individual ownership and competition. The theory is that when everyone is selfish, it benefits everyone. Adam Smith is the capitalist.

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Freedom and choices. You can work wherever, buy whatever, and pretty much do whatever. If youre successful, you can be very successful. Example: Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Lebron James

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No safety net. If youre unsuccessful, you can be very unsuccessful. Think about the poor. There is a BIG gap between rich and poor

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An economic system. Believes in collective (group) ownership and a planned economy. The theory is that everybody pools their resources and labor to evenly distribute everything. Karl Marx is the communist.

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1. Abolition of property 2. Heavy, progressive taxes 3. Abolition of inheritance 4. Confiscation of property of all emigrants and rebels 5. Central banking 6. State-controlled communication and transportation 7. State-controlled education of the children

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Marx and Engels studied the history of the worlds economies Basic Communism Feudalism Capitalism Communism !!!! Socialism They believed they discovered an inevitable pattern or cylcle

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Socialism is, from each according to their ability, to each according to their DEEDS. Socialism is the stage between Capitalism and Communism. It builds upon the previous system (Capitalism) by nationalizing the means of production (i.e. corporations, resources, banks, etc.), but not by making everyone equal. People are paid wages based on several factors (social need, difficulty, amount of schooling required, etc.), so not everyone will make the same wage. Communism is from each according to their ability to each according to their NEEDS. EVERYONE GETS THE SAME THINGS!!!!!

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Security, basic needs met. Everyone would have a job, house, health care, etc.

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Lack of choice No reward for being a better worker or punishment for being a slacker. Everyone expected to be the same Not a lot of creativity

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Adam Smiths capitalism dominated the Industrial Revolution. If you owned a good, successful business, there were no regulations to how you treat workers This leads to BAD working conditions. Karl Marx wrote about communism as a solution to capitalisms problems Marx said the workers would get fed up and overthrow their governments and start communism. THAT IS THE CYCLE!

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Answer the following and then prepare to turn in your warm ups. 1. What were some things that led to the dissatisfaction of people in capitalist economies? 2. What is the difference between capitalism, communism, and socialism? 3. Who wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital? 4. What were the two books above about?

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Answer the following questions using your notes we took yesterday. 1. What were some things that led to the dissatisfaction of people in capitalist economies? 2. What is the difference between capitalism, communism, and socialism? 3. Who wrote the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital? 4. What were the two books above about? 5. Why did nations in Europe compete for new markets in Africa and Asia?.

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WHII.9d-e

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Pride or devotion to ones nation Colonizing a land that doesn't belong to you; making it a territory of your land

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Why did imperialism become popular? Nationalism motivated European nations to compete for colonial possessions. European economic, military, and political power FORCED colonized countries to trade on European terms. Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries. Colonized peoples resisted European domination and responded in diverse ways to Western influences.

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Why did imperialism become popular? Industrial nations in Europe NEEDED NATURAL RESOURCES and MARKETS to expand their economies.

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1. Colonies A county or territory governed by a foreign power Most were established for the benefit of the mother country During this time the mother country looked for supplies to help fuel the industrial revolution at home

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2. Protectorates A country or territory with its own internal government BUT is still under the control of an outside power It is likely that the outside power established the government in place to mirror their own

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3. Spheres of influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges The mother country does not inflict its government or full control on the sphere of influence but instead uses something such as its resources.

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European Domination During the late 19 th to early 20 th century European nations used their power and control to dominate places in Africa and Asia for European own benefit. Stronger countries dominated the political, economic, and social life of weaker countries Especially in Africa Europeans also believed they were superior Growth of racism and Social Darwinism

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European conflicts carried to the colonies Berlin Conference Competition over colonies was so fierce European countries feared war against one another In order to prevent the conflict 14 European nations met at the Berlin Conference (1884-1885) to lay down rules for the division of Africa ***Set rules for division of Africa***

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Christian missionary efforts Prior to the mid-1800s Europeans did not enter the interior of Africa Why did they not need to enter Africa before? When people began exploring missionaries were sent to convert the African people to Christianity

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Spheres of Influence in China Europeans and Japanese established spheres of influence in China These foreign nations controlled trade and investment US declared an open door policy which upset the Chinese and led to the Boxer Rebellion

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Suez Canal After Napoleon failed to take Egypt a new leader emerged Muhammad Ali Began reform in Egypt Muhammad Alis efforts to modernize Egypt were continued by his grandson Ismail Construction of the Suez Canal man-made waterway that cut through the Isthmus of Suez Connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Opened in 1869 and became the lifeline of the empire ***Allowed Britain quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa

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East Indias Company domination in Indian states (Britain still has links in India in mid- 1800s) The area controlled by the East India Company grew over time British government regulated but didnt really interfere Britain cherished India at first for its potential rather than its profit Americas opening of Japan trade The US opened Japan for trade They let go of the policy of isolationism

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Armed Conflicts Boxer Rebellion in China Pg. 374 Rise of Nationalism First Indian nationalist party founded in mid- 1800s Pg. 361

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Resistance to imperialism took many forms, including armed conflict and intellectual movements As foreign influence grew in China, poor peasants and workers resented the special privileges granted to the foreigners in China due to the Open Door Policy They developed the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists AKA Boxers

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Armed Conflicts Boxer Rebellion in China Boxers campaign against the Dowager Empress (Qing Dynasty) and foreign privilege became known as the Boxer Rebellion In 1900, they descended on Beijing and surrounded the European section of the city Kept it under siege for several months 19,000 troops marched in and defeated the boxers Result: Strong sense of nationalism emerged in China and believed the government must be responsive to their needs

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Rise of Nationalism First Indian nationalist party founded in mid- 1800s With British control, more Indians demanded modernization and a greater role in governing themselves Didnt want India to be controlled by outsiders Led by Ram Mohun Roy Father of Modern India Two nationalist groups formed: Indian National Congress and Muslim League Concentrated on concerns for Indians and later called for self-government

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