1

Which of the following equations shows conservation of mass in the reaction between sodium and water?a. Na + H2O H2 + NaOH

b. Na + 4H2O 2H2 + 4NaOH

c. 4Na + 4H2O 2H2 + 4NaOH

Draw diagram:

3/26 p. 52 Notes on Mixtures

2

• OQ: Use the drawing below to answer the next question.

Which statement is true about the chemical sample shown in the drawing

above? a. It is a pure substance b. There are individual atoms present. c. It is a mixture of elements.d. It is a mixture of 2 compounds.

3

Which of the following equations shows conservation of mass in the reaction between sodium and water?a. Na + H2O H2 + NaOH

b. Na + 4H2O 2H2 + 4NaOH

c. 4Na + 4H2O 2H2 + 4NaOH

Draw diagram:

Notes on Mixtures

4

• OQ: Use the drawing below to answer the next question.

Which statement is true about the chemical sample shown in the drawing

above? a. It is a pure substance b. There are individual atoms present. c. It is a mixture of elements.d. It is a mixture of 2 compounds.

When a compound is formed, its properties are a. the same as those of its original elements.b. similar to those of its original elements.c. Completely different from its original elements.

What is a mixture?

• A combination of 2 or more _____________ where there is ___ _________combination or reaction

• Combine physically in no _______ __________. They just ______.

• _____, _______, and _____ can be mixed to create a mixture.

• You make a mixture by ______ at least ONE material to another.

• When you add a material to a gas or liquid, the material you ______ is called the __________ ,

and the material you are _________ to is called the _________.

• When you create a mixture, there are no ________ substances formed.

• Each part of a mixture keeps its __________ __________.

Mixtures vs. Compounds

MIXTURES COMPOUNDSParts are ____________, compounds, or ______

Parts are ____________

Parts _______ their original properties

Parts _______their original properties

Separated by ___________means

Separated by ______________ means

Formed using any amount/ratio of parts

Formed using a set mass amount/ratio of parts

Homogeneous vs Heterogenous• Mixtures can be _________geneous or

________geneous.• Heterogeneous mixtures are those where the

substances are _____distributed evenly. They usually involve a mixture of a solid in a _______.

• A mixture of stones in soil is an example of a ____________ mixture. _________, most _______, city air.

• Homogeneous mixtures are those where the materials are _________ __________ throughout.

• Homogenized ______ is an example. __________, air in a vacant room, metal _________ like steel.

Which is a homogeneous mixture?

If (a), high five

the person sitting next to

you

If (b), low five the person sitting next to

you

If (c),double high five

the person sitting next to

you

If (d), double low five

the person sitting next to

you

What type of mixture is this? Turn to a partner & discuss. Come up with some

example of a common material that matches this type of mixture.

Types of Mixtures

• Mixtures can be classified into 3 types: ___________, ___________ and __________.

• Suspension mixtures have _________ particles and are heterogeneous

• They are ________ with at leastONE substance visible – 1 thatsettles out.

• Heterogeneous mixtures are _____________mixtures. Ex) Italian salad dressing, ________water, snow _________, chicken noodle soup.

• ____________mixtures fall _________ suspension and __________ mixtures. The ingredients in colloidal mixtures are __________ and usually homogeneous. Ex) Jell-o and Fog, milk, shampoo, mayonnaise

• They are _________, uniform, and light is _________.

• ____________ are homogeneous mixtures that consist of microscopic particles and ___________ spread out molecules. Ex) Sugar or Salt in water, clear ___________, jolly ranchers

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sugar-and-salt-solutions

- H2O called ‘universal ___________’ because it can break down almost anything

• Concentration = how much __________ is ____________ in a solvent

• Saturation = when solute can’t dissolve any more

• They are clear, ___________, and light

__________ through them.

Examples of Different States in Solutions

Gas in gas Dry air (O in N)Gas in liquid Soft drinks (CO2 in H2O)

Liquid in gas Humid air (H2O vapor in air)

Solid in liquid

Salt H2O (NaCl in H2O)

Solid in solid Brass (Zn in Cu)

• Alloys– Solid ___________ of _________ or ___________

dissolved in _________-usually created to strength of metals

Alloy Name ElementsSteel C dissolved in Fe

Pewter Cu, Bi, or Sb dissolved in Sn

Bronze Cu dissolved in SnStainless

SteelCr dissolved in Fe

25

• OQ: Use the drawing below to answer the next question.

Which statement is true about the chemical sample shown in the drawing

above? a. It is a pure substance b. There are individual atoms present. c. It is a mixture of elements.d. It is a mixture of 2 compounds.

26

Which of the following equations shows conservation of mass in the reaction between sodium and water?a. Na + H2O H2 + NaOH

b. Na + 4H2O 2H2 + 4NaOH

c. 4Na + 4H2O 2H2 + 4NaOH

Draw diagram:

3/26 p. 52 Notes on Mixtures

What is a mixture?

• A combination of 2 or more substances where there is no chemical combination or reaction

• Combine physically in no specific proportions. They just blend.

• Solids, liquids, and gases can be mixed to create a mixture.

• You make a mixture by adding at least ONE material to another.

• When you add a material to a gas or liquid, the material you add is called the solute , and the material you are adding to is called the solvent.

• When you create a mixture, there are no new substances formed.

• Each part of a mixture keeps its original properties.

Mixtures vs. Compounds

MIXTURES COMPOUNDSParts are elements, compounds, or both

Parts are elements

Parts keep their original properties

Parts lose their original properties

Separated by physical means

Separated by chemical means

Formed using any amount/ratio of parts

Formed using a set mass amount/ratio of parts

Homogeneous vs Heterogenous

• Mixtures can be heterogeneous or homogeneous.

• Heterogeneous mixtures are those where the substances are not distributed evenly. They usually involve a mixture of a solid in a solid.

• A mixture of stones in soil is an example of a heterogeneous mixture. Trail mix, most foods, city

air.

• Homogeneous mixtures are those where the materials are evenly distributed throughout.

• Homogenized milk is an example. Lemonade, air in a vacant room, metal alloys like steel. Also called Solutions.

Which is a homogeneous mixture?

If (a), high five

the person sitting next to

you

If (b), low five the person sitting next to

you

If (c),double high five

the person sitting next to

you

If (d), double low five

the person sitting next to

you

What type of mixture is this? Turn to a partner & discuss. Come up with some

example of a common material that matches this type of mixture.

Types of Mixtures

• Mixtures can be classified into 3 types: suspension, colloidal and solution.

• Suspension mixtures have larger particles and are heterogeneous

• They are combined with at leastONE substance visible – 1 thatsettles out.

• Heterogeneous mixtures are suspension mixtures. Ex) Italian salad dressing, muddy water, snow globe, chicken noodle soup.

• Colloidal mixtures fall between suspension and solution mixtures. The ingredients in colloidal mixtures are microscopic and usually homogeneous. Ex) Jell-o and Fog, milk, shampoo, mayonnaise

• They are cloudy, uniform, and light is scattered.

• Solutions are homogeneous mixtures that consist of microscopic particles and uniformly spread out molecules. Ex) Sugar or Salt in water, clear glass, jolly ranchers

http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/sugar-and-salt-solutions

- H2O called ‘universal solvent’ because it can break down almost anything

• Concentration = how much solute is dissolved in a solvent

• Saturation = when solute can’t dissolve any more

• They are clear, transparent, and light

passes through them.

Examples of Different States in Solutions

Gas in gas Dry air (O in N)Gas in liquid Soft drinks (CO2 in H2O)

Liquid in gas Humid air (H2O vapor in air)

Solid in liquid

Salt H2O (NaCl in H2O)

Solid in solid Brass (Zn in Cu)

• Alloys– Solid solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in

metal-usually created to strength of metals

– Mixtures (19 min)– TedEd (3:56)– Part2

Alloy Name ElementsSteel C dissolved in Fe

Pewter Cu, Bi, or Sb dissolved in Sn

Bronze Cu dissolved in SnStainless

SteelCr dissolved in Fe

46

• OQ: Use the drawing below to answer the next question.

Which statement is true about the chemical sample shown in the drawing

above? a. It is a pure substance b. There are individual atoms present. c. It is a mixture of elements.d. It is a mixture of 2 compounds.

3/31 Separation of MixturesIQ

What type of mixture is in the image below? How can you determine it?

Identify the following as colloid, suspension or solution:a. Air b. Raisins in milkc. Tead. Whipped cream

I. Can mixtures be separated?

A. Can be done by physical means/processes

B. Separated by physical propertiesi. density or particle size

C. Law of Conservation of Massi. Whatever you start with should equal

what you end withii. 50 g salt + 500 g water = 550 g salt

water

A. Distillation:i. separates based on boiling points of substancesii. uses a distillation

apparatusiii.used for H2O purification

a. Distilled Water @grocery store

II. Types of Separation Processes

B. Magnetism:

i. separates mixtures based on magnetic property in some elements

ii. Uses a magnet, ex. Iron filings and aluminum

iii. Substances must contain Fe, Co, or Nia. known as the iron triad

C. Centrifugation:i. Separates mixtures according to

densities of substances in mixtureii. Uses a centrifugeiii.Spins in circle & pulls out heavier

stuffa. Blood separation (CSI)

D. Sifting:

i. Separates mixtures based on size

ii. uses a grate/screen iii. Larger particles from

smaller particlesa. separating rocks from soil

for plantingb. ‘panning’ for gold, c. sifting for baking

E. Filtration:i. Separates based on size ii. Uses a filteriii. Only miniscule particles can

travel througha. making coffee

F. Dissolving/Solubility:i. Separates based on solubilityii. No special equipmentiii. Soluble materials vs insoluble materials

a. NaCl will dissolve; Sulfur will not both elements are same color both elements are crystals

G. Vaporization:

i. Separates based on boiling pointii. Uses heat

a. get NaCl back from seawaterb. why coffee cup is stained after

being left out

H. Chromatography (chroma= color)i. Separates mixtures based on densityii. Uses filter paper

a. Separates dyes or pigments

OUT ?:

How would you separate a mixture of iron filings, sand and salt?