Where Good Ideas Come FromWhere Good Ideas Come From

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NugRZGDbPFU

©Suzanne Ryan

Welcome back to English

Composition

Welcome back to English

Composition

Agenda: Agenda: • Discuss plagiarismDiscuss plagiarism• Look at sample citations and references in a sample Look at sample citations and references in a sample

paperpaper• Discuss exemplifications (how to use examples)Discuss exemplifications (how to use examples)

©Suzanne Ryan

CitationsCitations

Why We Use ExamplesWhy We Use Examples• To persuade skeptical readers who are

reluctant to accept your viewpoint• To show a causal relationship• To be more interesting and take the reader

beyond a telling statement• Help to explain or clarify an abstraction• To avoid unintended ambiguity

Forms of ExamplesForms of Examples• Specific names (people, places, products)

• Anecdotes

• Personal observations• Expert opinions (from outside sources, interviews)

• Facts

• Statistics

• Case studies via research

Example TypesExample Types• Personal-case examples

• Typical-case examples

• Hypothetical examples

• Generalized examples

• Extended examples

Personal-experience Examples

Personal-experience Examples• From your own life

• Lend personal authority

• Create drama

Typical-case ExamplesTypical-case Examples• Objective in nature: can be especially

convincing

• About an actual event/situation, but you didn’t directly experience it.

• Source could be newspapers, magazines, television

Hypothetical ExamplesHypothetical Examples• Speculative, but be sure it’s

conceivable

• Might ask the reader to imagine a scenario

• Be sure to acknowledge that your example is invented– Ex: “suppose that…” or “assume for a

moment that…”

Generalized ExamplesGeneralized Examples• Composite of the typical and usual

– Ex: “everyone, at one time or another, has been driven to distraction by a trivial annoyance like the buzzing of a fly or the sting of a paper cut.”

– Ex: “when most people get a compliment, they perk up, preen, and think the praise-giver is blessed with astute power of observation.”

Extended ExamplesExtended Examples• Employ many details and specifics

• Last an entire paragraph

• Sometimes can encompass the entire essay, but must be significant to stand alone as the only example

Effective ExamplesEffective Examples• Be relevant-- have a direct bearing

on the subject• Be dramatic• Be accurate (esp. when using facts,

figures, statistics)• Be non-contradictory• Avoid sweeping generalizations at all

costs, for they do not convince readers

Effective ExamplesEffective Examples• Be representative: avoid oddball or

one-in-a-million types of examples; They distort and are not honest– Ex: if writing a paper on the difficulties of

getting through college and you use the example of a student who works 35 hours a week and still gets straight A’s, that’s not typical or representative. It does not exemplify what MOST students experience.

Effective ExamplesEffective Examples• Use an organizational approach:

– Chronological– Ascending importance– Descending importance– Simple to complex– Emphatic sequence

Recognize & Use Key WordsRecognize & Use Key Words

• For example,

• For instance,

• First, second, third

• Next, in addition

Questions?Questions?

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1st Draft Rubric1st Draft Rubric• 15 points

– Introduction (hook, thesis statement, 3 main points) (2.5 points)

– Body paragraphs (each paragraph: topic sentence, supporting evidence, “bridge” that connects the evidence back to the thesis statement, concluding sentence, transitions) (5 points)

– Complete sentences (2 points)– Conclusion (3 main points, reworded thesis statement, tie back to

the hook in the introduction) (2.5 points)– APA style Citations (1 point)– APA style References page (1 point)– Typed in Times New Roman 12 point, double-spaced, with a

cover page (your name, class & period, title of paper, date, instructor’s name), stapled, and printed out (1 point)

• Reminder: Syllabus states No Handwritten or Late Papers Accepted. Please include a grading sheet with these items listed

Edited Paper (due Week 7) Rubric

Edited Paper (due Week 7) Rubric• 10 points– Grammar and Usage (2.5 points)– Mechanics (2.5 points)– Introduction (hook, thesis statement, support, transition) (1 point)– Body paragraphs (each paragraph: topic sentence, supporting

evidence, “bridge” that connects the evidence back to the thesis statement, concluding sentence, transitions) (1 point)

– Conclusion (reworded thesis statement, transition—could be the supporting points that will be in the body paragraphs, tie back to the hook in the introduction) (1 point)

– Citations and References included (1 point)– Typed in Times New Roman 12 point, double-spaced, with a

cover page (your name, class & period, title of paper, date, instructor’s name), and printed out (1 point)

• Reminder: Syllabus states No Handwritten or Late Papers Accepted.

Final Paper (Due Week 8) RubricFinal Paper (Due Week 8) Rubric

• 20 points– Grammar and Usage (5 points)– Mechanics (5 points)– Introduction (hook, thesis statement, support, transition) (2 points)– Body paragraphs (each paragraph: topic sentence, supporting

evidence, “bridge” that connects the evidence back to the thesis statement, concluding sentence, transitions) (3 points)

– Conclusion (reworded thesis statement, transition—could be the supporting points that will be in the body paragraphs, tie back to the hook in the introduction) (2 points)

– Citations and References included and properly formatted (2 points)

– Typed in Times New Roman 12 point, double-spaced, with a cover page (your name, class & period, title of paper, date, instructor’s name), and printed out (1 point)

• No electronic copies accepted for the final paper.• Reminder: Syllabus states No Handwritten or Late Papers

Accepted.

Writing WorkshopWriting WorkshopWork on your papers

Due Friday

See Monday’s slides for the rubric

Thank you for participating!Thank you for participating!

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