Where are we today with ventilation and infiltration in buildings?
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Transcript of Where are we today with ventilation and infiltration in buildings?
Where are we today with ventilation and infiltration
in buildings?Peter Wouters
Manager INIVE EEIGAIVC – TightVent - venticool
Structure of the presentation
Structure of the presentation
19731983199320032013202320531973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
ASHRAE
• ASHRAE was founded in 1894– Until 1954 it was known as the American Society
of Heating and Ventilating Engineers (ASHVE)• In 1954, it changed its name to the American
Society of Heating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHAE)
REHVA
• Founded in 1963, REHVA, The Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations represents a network of more than 100 000 engineers from 26 European countries.
19731973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
First oil crisis
40 years ago? (…1973…)
• Most countries: limited interest and almost no knowledge on ventilation, air infiltration and indoor air quality
• Few countries were ahead: SE, CAN, NL, …• Start of IEA implementing agreement ECBCS:
Energy conservation in Buildings and Community Systems
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
Indoor Air conferences• 1978 Indoor Climate, Copenhagen, Denmark• 1981 Indoor Air Pollution, Health and Energy Conservation, Amherst• 1984 Indoor Air '84, Stockholm, Sweden• 1987 Indoor Air '87, Berlin, Germany• 1990 Indoor Air '90, Toronto, Canada• 1993 Indoor Air '93, Helsinki, Finland• 1996 Indoor Air '96, Nagoya, Japan• 1999 Indoor Air '99, Edinburgh, Scotland• 2002 Indoor Air 2002, Monterey, California• 2005 Indoor Air 2005, Beijing, China• 2008 Indoor Air 2008, Copenhagen, Denmark• 2011 Indoor Air 2011, Austin, Texas• 2014 Indoor Air 2014, Hong Kong
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
19731973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
1983
30 years ago (1983)
• ECBCS AIC (Air Infiltration Centre – Annex 5) running Annex 1 had indicated that many questions existed regarding air infiltration
• Policy in several countries: Built tight!• Airtightness was research topic in some countries• IEA annex 8 Occupants’ behaviour• IEA Annex 18 Demand Controlled Ventilation• In research and in some countries growing interest for
health and comfort
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Annex 8 Annex 9
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IEA EBC Annex 18Demand Controlled Ventilation Systems
(1987-1992)
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1986
AIC became AIVCThe ‘Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre’
Healthy buildings conferences1988 Healthy Buildings '88, Stockholm, Sweden1991 Healthy Buildings/IAQ'91, Washington, DC1994 Healthy Buildings '94, Budapest, Hungary1995 Healthy Buildings '95, Milan, Italy1997 Healthy Buildings '97, Bethesda, Maryland2000 Healthy Buildings 2000, Helsinki, Finland2003 Healthy Buildings 2003, Singapore2006 Healthy Buildings 2006, Lisbon, Portugal2009 Healthy Buildings 2009, Syracuse, New York2012 Healthy Buildings 2012, Brisbane, Australia
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
• 1985: Seattle – USA• 1989: Vancouver – Canada• 1991: Nice – France• …• 2015: Hyderabad - India
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
Environment• 1988 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) is formed by UNEP and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
• A conference held in Toronto recommends a set of political targets to reduce anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide.– The conference recommends that by 2005,
industrialized countries should reduce their carbon dioxide emissions by 20 % compared to 1988 levels.
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
19831973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
1993
20 years ago (…1993…)
• European Pascool project… first time focus on summer comfort control…
• European project NATVENT… renewed attention for natural ventilation strategies…
• Annex 35 Hybvent… focus on hybrid ventilation
• ISIAQ created in 1992
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EPIC conferences in Lyon
(1994 – 2006)
Energy Performance and Indoor Climate
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Environmental concerns
1997 Parties conclude the Kyoto Protocol in Kyoto Japan, in which they agree to the broad outlines of emissions targets.
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199320031973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
European Roadmap to 2050(COM(2011)112)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050-100%
-80%
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
Current policyPower Sector
Residential & Tertiary
Non CO2 Other Sectors
Industry
Transport
Non CO2 Agriculture
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During last 10 years? (2003 …)
• EPBD (European Energy Performance and Buildings Directive) (2003)– Also renewable energies directive and energy
services directive…• Much broader societal and political support
for firm actions
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
200320131973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
Today (…2013…)
• EPBD recast (2010 – now under implementation)– Much more stringent – ‘cost-optimal’– Towards nearly-zero energy buildings
• Millions of airtightness measurements– Towards systematic testing…
• Concerns about quality of systems and workmanship
• Systems: interaction of functions and technologies
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Sustainabledevelopment!
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Team work
201320231973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
In 10 years from now? (…2023…)
• All new buildings in Europe should be NZEB– Will there be a difference between theory and
practice?– In any case strong driver for energy efficient
ventilation• Strong focus on renovation existing building
stock
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40
Max
imum
allo
wab
le E
-leve
l Developments today are TREMENDOUS
and ALMOST NO
LEARNING CURVE
Energetic quality
Quality of the system
Quality of execution
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
A tremendouschallenge!
Energetic quality
Quality of the system
Quality of execution
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International collaborationInternational conferences
…
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202320531973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
2053…
20131973 2053
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
Conclusions
• We come from very far…• Impressive acceleration in terms of energy
efficiency and indoor climate requirements• Next 5…10 years will be very challenging and
uncertain• Are there volunteers for a presentation at the
2053 AIVC conference for an update?
1973 1983 1993 2003 2013 2023 2033 2043 2053
www.tightVent.eu
www.AIVC.org
www.venticool.eu