Where are we????

Social Influences on Gender role

Parents and peersL.O – To examine how the environment of the child shapes their gender behaviours

Does the environment shape the way we behave?

Nature Nurture

“Discuss social influences on gender” 24 marks

Behaviourist approach

• What would behaviourists argue about how gender behaviours are acquired?

We LEARN gender behaviours through……….

• Classical conditioning• Operant conditioning • Social learning

Task 1. Match the key terms with the definitions

from the behaviourist approach2. Think of an example of gender

behaviour for each one• Classical conditioning• Operant conditioning• Positive reinforcement• Negative reinforcement• Social learning theory• Role modelling

In pairs discuss & then note down…

• How can parents influence children's gender behaviours through…………

1. Positive reinforcement2. Negative reinforcement3. Social learning

Lytton & Romney’s meta analysis

What is a meta-analysis?

They carried out a meta-analysis of studies that looked at the parental treatment of boys and girls (did they receive different treatment?)

158 studies from North America17 studies from other western countries.

Main findings

• Parents encouraged different activities in play and household chores. For example, girls more likely to be encouraged to help with housework, boys with outdoor tasks.

• Difference in punishment e.g boys were more likely to be physically punished.

• Differential treatment decreased over age.

PEEEL Paragraphs

• Create a PEEEL paragraph on Lytton & Romney’s meta analysis.

• P• E• E• E• L “Discuss social influences on gender” 24 marks

This Matters Because…

Social cognitive learning theoryBandura & Bussey

• Learning takes place through observation of role models and imitation of their behaviours

• If the behaviour is seen to bring rewards (vicarious learning)

• They are highly selective

Fagot et al

Looked at…….• 27 Egalitarian families• 42 Traditional families1. What is the difference between egalitarian families and traditional families?2. What two research methods were used to collect data?3. Was it children from egalitarian or traditional families that showed more gender role stereotyping?4. What do the findings suggest?

Influence of Peers on Gender Behaviours

Peers

• How can peers influence children's gender behaviours through: (AO1)

1. Positive reinforcement2. Negative reinforcement3. Social learning

Research support

• Langlois and Down (1980) observed 4-6 years olds at school. They noted when boys played with girls toys they were teased by their male peers.

• Further research has found that 3 yr old children criticise peers who engage in cross sex play.

Schools?

Page 216: Influence of schools on gender role: Formal Socialisation & Gender Bias in School Staffing.

How do schools support such different gender roles?What does Delamont suggest we do to avoid this?

The Gender essay plan

Next lesson you will do a timed essay ……….

Discuss social influences on gender (24 marks)