When industry and labor work together, we can save lives. OSHAS NEW STEEL ERECTION STANDARD.

When industry and labor work together, we can save

lives.

OSHA’S NEW STEEL ERECTION STANDARD

Steel Erection Activities

• Every year, an average of 35 iron workers die during steel erection activities and 2,300 more suffer lost workday injuries,"

Standard• New subpart R is the first OSHA safety

standard developed under the Negotiated Rulemaking Act

• Developed by members of the Steel Erection Negotiated Rulemaking Advisory Committee (Senrac)

The Final Rule Contains Requirements For:

• Hoisting and rigging• Structural Steel Assembly• Beam and Column connections• Joist Erection• Systems-engineered Metal Building

Erection• Fall Protection• Training

The new standard covers all workers engaged in steel erection activities

• The Standard does not cover electric transmission towers, communication towers, broadcast towers, water towers or tanks

Effective Dates• Original effective date July 18,

2001

• Revised effective date Jan. 18, 2002.

Additional Time• Gives industry time to become familiar with

the new requirements and to provide training to employees in the construction industry.

• Allow employers time to make the necessary changes to avoid costly re-fabrication of already made components and avoid serious delays to projects that would affect all trades involved in the construction process.

Question• Is the construction of a house framed

with metal studs within subpart R?

• No. A housed framed with metal studs is not covered by the standard

Question• When would the installation of metal

studs be covered by subpart R?

• The installation of metal studs is covered by Subpart R when the studs are integrated with the structural steel framing of a building.

Question• Is the installation of a standing seam

metal roof on a wood framed structure covered by subpart R?

• Yes. The definition of metal decking includes standing seam metal roofs.

Question• A fabricated tank is installed on a pad.

The tank has connection points for a catwalk pre-installed by the manufacturer. The catwalk will be installed by a crane crew after the tank is installed. Do the fall protection requirements of subpart R apply to the installation of the catwalk?

Answer• Yes. Catwalks has traditionally been

considered miscellaneous metals, and the installation of miscellaneous metals is covered by Subpart R?

Major causes of injuries and fatalities in the steel erection industry

• Working under loads

• Hoisting, landing and placing decking

• Column stability

• Double connections

• Landing and placing steel joints

• Falls to lower levels.

1926.751:

Definitions

Competent Person

• Means one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.

Controlling Contractor

• Means a prime contractor, general contractor, construction manager or any other legal entity which has the overall responsibility for the construction of the project -- its planning, quality and completion.

Qualified person• One who, by possession of a

recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating to the subject matter, the work, or the project.

Shear Connector

• Headed steel studs, steel bars, steel lugs, and similar devices which are attached to a structural member for the purpose of achieving composite action with concrete.

Site-Specific Erection Plan

• Requires pre-planning of key erection elements, including coordination with controlling contractor before erection begins, in certain circumstances.

Steel Erection

• Construction, alteration or repair of steel buildings, bridges and other structures, including the installation of metal decking and all planking used during the process of erection.

1926.752:

Site Layout & Construction Sequence

Controlling Contractor

• Steel Erector provided notification of:

– Concrete having attained sufficient strength.

– Alteration of anchor bolts.

– Adequate access to storage areas.

– That concrete has cured enough to support steel erection

Hoisting operations

• Must be pre-planned to reduce employee exposure to overhead loads.

Question• Can the controlling contractor contract with

subcontractor to perform the work required by 1926.752(a)? If so, is the controlling contractor still responsible for these duties after subcontracting them?

• Yes. The Controlling contractor is responsible for ensuring that the work was performed.

Question• Does the written notification from the

controlling contractor to the steel erector about concrete footing, etc. in 1926.752(a) & (b) have to be maintained on site?

• Once the written notification is given to the erector, there is no requirement that it be maintained at the site.

Question• Does the anchor bolt repair, replacement or

field -modification approval from the Structural Engineer of Record (SER) required by 1926.755(b)(1) have to be maintained on site?

• No. Once the written notification is given, it does not have to be maintained on site.

1926.753:

Hoisting & Rigging

1926.753 - Hoisting and rigging(Supplement to the requirements of 1926.550)

Construction Safety Council

Pre-shift Inspection Requirements

• Pre-shift inspection must be done by a competent person.

• Rigging must be inspected prior to each shift by a qualified rigger

Pre-shift visual inspection of cranes:

• all control mechanisms for maladjustments excessive wear of components and contamination by lubricants or other foreign matter

• safety devices• hooks and latches

• pressurized lines for leakage

• wire rope

• electrical apparatus

• hydraulic system

• tires

• ground conditions

• hoisting equipmentConstruction Safety Council


General The employer shall obtain

and/or prepare a certification record of the pre-shift inspection


General

The operator shall be responsible for those operations under the operator’s direct control


General

2) Qualified rigger to inspect the rigging prior to each shift

3) Headache ball not used to transport personnel

4) Only use of personnel platforms in accordance with 1926.550 (g)


Safety Latches

Safety latches on hooks shall not be deactivated.

Responsibilities During Crane Operations

• Safety latches

• Employees engaged in initial steel erection or hooking/unhooking to work under loads in some specific instances.

• Operators are responsible for operations under their control and have the authority to stop and refuse to handle loads until safety has been assured.

Responsibilities During Crane Operations

• Prohibit the use of cranes to hoist personnel unless ALL provisions of 1926.550 are met except 1926.550(g)(2)

• When working under loads requirements in this section must be followed.

• Multiple lift rigging is permitted as long as the requirements in this erection are met. [.753(d)].

Working Under Loads

• Materials being hoisted shall be rigged to prevent unintentional displacement;

• Hooks with self-closing safety latches or their equivalent shall be used to prevent components from slipping out of the hook; and

• All loads shall be rigged by a qualified rigger

Question• Does the standard permit a qualified rigger

to design and assemble a “multiple lift rigging” assembly on the jobsite by mixing components from one rigging supplier or by mixing components from several rigging suppliers?

• Yes

Question• How often must the multiple lift

rigging assembly be inspected?

• Before every shift.

Question• The crane is rented, and the operator is

supplied by the crane rental company. The steel erector designates the operator as the competent person for the purposes of the pre-lift inspection requirements. Is the steel erector still responsible for the pre-lift inspection?

• Yes

1926.754:

Structural Steel Assembly and Stability

1926.754 Structural Steel Assembly

• Structural stability shall be maintained

• Additional requirements shall apply for multi-story structures:

• The permanent floors shall be installed & no more than eight stories between the erection floor and the upper-most permanent floor.

• No more than four floors or 48 feet (14.6 m), whichever is less, of unfinished bolting or welding above the foundation or uppermost permanently secured floor

• Fully planked or decked floor or nets shall be maintained within two stories or 30 feet (9.1 m), whichever is less, directly under any erection work being performed.

1926.754(c):Walking/Working Surfaces

• Shear connectors (such as headed steel studs, steel bars or steel lugs), reinforcing bars, deformed anchors or threaded studs shall not be attached to the top flanges of beams, joists or beam attachments so that they project vertically from or horizontally across the top flange of the member until after the metal decking, or other walking/ working surface, has been installed.

Installation of shear connectors on composite floors, roofs and bridge decks.

• When shear connectors are used in construction of composite floors, roofs and bridge decks, employees shall lay out and install the shear connectors after the metal decking has been installed, using the metal decking as a working platform. Shear connectors shall not be installed from within a controlled decking zone (CDZ), as specified in §1926.760(c)(8).

Slip resistance of skeletal structural steel.

• Workers shall not be permitted to walk the top surface of any structural steel member installed after July 18, 2007 that has been coated with paint or similar material

• The results shall be available at the site and to the steel erector.


Plumbing-up Equipment:

turnbuckles

– properly secured

– secured to prevent unwinding

– placed so employees can get to connection points

– removed only under the supervision of a competent person

Question• 1926.754(b)(3) requires a fully planked or

decked floor or nets within 2 stories or 30 feet, whichever is less. Can an employer’s requirement that workers be protected by fall arrest equipment at all times above 6 feet take the place of nets and temporary floors?

• Yes. If he establishes, communicates & enforces policy.

Question• If a roof opening is 11 inches by 25

feet, does it need to be covered for steel erection purposes.

• No. The definition of an opening refers to a gap whose least dimension is 12 inches or more.

1926.755:

Column Anchorages


General requirements for erection stability

Columns anchored by a min. of 4 bolts and designed to resist a 300# eccentric load at 18” from the column face.

Columns set on level finished floors, pre-grouted leveling plates, leveling nuts, or shim packs.

Unstable columns shall be evaluated by a competent person.

(1)Need approval of the project structural engineer.

(2)Approval shall state whether guying or bracing is necessary.

(3)Controlling contractor shall provide written notification to the steel erector.

(b)Repair, replacement or field modification


Question• To make a field repair to an anchor

rod, must there be a written order from the project’s engineer of record?

• No. The standard does not require that the approval be in writing.

1926.756:

Beams and Columns

Beams and Columnsa) General. Secured

with at least two bolts per connection.

b) Diagonal bracing. With bracing, secured by at least one bolt per connection.

Beams and Columnsc) Double connections

at columns and/or at beam webs over a column. At least one bolt or similar connection device is present.

Beams and Columnsd)Column splices.

Designed to resist a 300# eccentric load located at 18” from column face.

e) Perimeter columns. Must extend a min. of 48” above the finished floor for safety cables.


Multiple Lift Rigging


Multiple Lift Rigging multiple lift rigging assembly is used; maximum of five members is hoisted

per lift; only structural members are lifted;

and employees engaged in the lift have

been trained in the procedures in 1926.761 (c)(1)

(4)The multiple lift rigging assembly shall be rigged with the members: rigged at

least 7 feet apartrigged from the top down

attached at their center of gravity and maintained level



Multiple Lift Rigging Components of the multiple lift rigging

assembly shall be specifically designed and assembled with a maximum capacity for total assembly and for each individual attachment point.

Capacity must be certified by the manufacturer or a qualified rigger and have a 5 to 1 safety factor


Multiple Lift Rigging The total load shall not exceed:

The rigging capacity The rated capacity of the hoisting equipment

The multiple lift rigging assembly shall be rigged with the members: attached at their center of gravity and

maintained level; rigged from the top down; and rigged at least 7 feet apart


Multiple Lift Rigging The members on the multiple lift

rigging assembly shall be set from the bottom up.

Controlled load lowering shall be used whenever the load is over the connectors.

1926.757:

Open Web Steel Joists

Open Web Steel Joists• Requirements minimizing collapse of

lightweight steel joists by addressing need for erection bridging and method of attachment.

• Requirements for bridging terminus anchors with illustrations and drawings in a non-mandatory appendix (provided by SJI).

• New requirements to minimize collapse in placing loads on steel joists.

Question• If workers are on a one story building

that is 20 feet tall (top of steel) and the joist require horizontal bridging, is fall protection required for employees installing bridging?

• Yes.

1926.758:

Systems-Engineered Metal Buildings


• Requirements to minimize collapse in the erection of these specialized structures which account for a major portion of steel erection in this country.


b) Structural column shall have a minimum of 4 anchor bolts.

c) Rigid frames shall have a minimum of 50% of install & tightened on both sides of the web adjacent to each flange before hoisting equipment is released.

d) Construction loads may not be placed on structural steel framework unless it is adequately secured.


Steel joist secured before releasing hoisting cables, allowing employees on joist, or placing construction loads on joist.

Purlins & Girts may not be used as anchorage points without written approval from qualified person.

Permanent bridging installed and fall protection provided before purlins are used as a walking/working surface.

1926.759:

Falling Object Protection

Falling Object Protection

• All materials, equipment, and tools that are not being used must be secured against accidental displacement.

• Controlling contractor must bar other construction processes below steel erection, unless overhead protection is provided.

1926.760:

Fall Protection


General requirements Anyone over 15 feet, except

in (a)(3) (2)Fall protective systems

shall conform to 1926.502. (3)Connectors and

employees working in controlling decking zones protected from fall hazards as provided in (b) and (c) of this section.


Connectors Protected when more than

two stories or 30 feet above a lower level;

Complete connector training in accordance with 1926.761; and

Provided with fall arrest or fall restraint systems when 15’ to 30’ above a lower level.

Question• At what height are connectors required to

be protected from falls? Is there a conflict between 1926.760(b)(1) & 1926.760(b)(3)?

• 30 feet or 2 stories. • (b)(3) requires that employees be provided

with fall protection equipment and be able to tie off at all times between 15-30 feet


Custody of Fall Protection Fall protection shall remain in an area

to be used by other trades if controlling contractor: Has directed the steel erector to

leave the fall protection in place. Has inspected and accepted control

and responsibility of the fall protection prior to authorizing persons to work in the area.


Working Under Loads Routes for suspended loads shall

be pre-planned When working under suspended

loads, the following must be meet: materials rigged to prevent

unintentional displacement; self-closing safety latches shall

be used; all loads rigged by qualified

riggers.

Controlled Decking Zone (CDZ)

• Controlled decking zone (CDZ) provisions to prevent decking fatalities.

• Deckers in a CDZ and connectors must be protected at heights greater than two stories or 30 feet. Connectors between 15 and 30 feet must wear fall arrest or restraint equipment and be able to be tied off or be provided another means of fall protection.

• Requires fall protection for all others engaged in steel erection at heights greater than 15 feet.

1926.761: Training

• Requires qualified person to train exposed workers in fall protection.

• Requires qualified person to train exposed workers engaged in special, high risk activities

Multiple Lift Rigging Procedure

• The nature of the hazard associated with multiple lifts

• Proper procedures & equipment to perform multiple lifts required by 1926.753(e)

Connector Procedures

• The nature of the hazard associated with connecting.

• The establishment, access, proper connecting,techniques and work practices required by 1926.756(c) & 1926.760(b).

Controlled Decking Zone

• The nature of the hazard associated with work within the controlled decking zone.

• The establishment, access, proper connecting,techniques and work practices required by 1926.754(e) & 1926.760(c).

DISCLAIMERThis information has been developed by an OSHA Compliance Assistance Specialist and is intended to assist employers, workers, and others as they strive to improve workplace health and safety. While we attempt to thoroughly address recordkeeping, it is not possible to include discussion of everything necessary to ensure a healthy and safe working environment in a presentation of this nature. Thus, this information must be understood as a tool for addressing workplace hazards, rather than an exhaustive statement of an employer’s legal obligations, which are defined by statute,

DISCLAIMERregulations, and standards. Likewise, to the extent that this information references practices or procedures that may enhance health or safety, but which are not required by a statute, regulation, or standard, it cannot, and does not, create additional legal obligations. Finally, over time, OSHA may modify rules and interpretations in light of new technology, information, or circumstances; to keep apprised of such developments, or to review information on a wide range of occupational safety and health topics, you can visit OSHA’s website at www.osha.gov

When industry and labor work together, we can save lives. OSHAS NEW STEEL ERECTION STANDARD.

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Transcript of When industry and labor work together, we can save lives. OSHAS NEW STEEL ERECTION STANDARD.