When blood enters the heart it enters through the andvena cava into the. Once it is filled the blood...
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![Page 1: When blood enters the heart it enters through the andvena cava into the. Once it is filled the blood passes through the valve into the. Blood goes through.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfd51a28abf838cad6f6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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When blood enters the heart it enters through the and vena cava into the .
Once it is filled the blood passes through the valve into the .
Blood goes through the pulmonary trunk and through the to the .
There, blood is enriched with and is released.
blood returns to the heart through the .
Blood enters the .
It then passes through the valve into the .
Blood finally passes through the to the rest of the .
![Page 3: When blood enters the heart it enters through the andvena cava into the. Once it is filled the blood passes through the valve into the. Blood goes through.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfd51a28abf838cad6f6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Blood enters the heart through the and vena cava into the . Blood then travels through the valve into the
. Blood then travels through the valve into the
to the to pick up and release . Blood
returns to the heart through the into the Blood goes through the
valve into the . Blood is pumped out of the to the rest of the
.
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TYPES OF BLEEDING•All need prompt attention to prevent shock, infection, and possible loss of life
•Arterial•Severe bleeding•Bright red blood that spurts or pulses•Corresponds to the heart beat•Can lose a large amount in a short period of time•Most serious type and can be fatal •Apply pressure and activate EMS immediately
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VENOUS• Steady blood flow
• Blood will appear bluish-red due to lower oxygen levels
• Veins are closer to surface to easier to control
• Direct pressure and compression best way to control bleeding
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CAPILLARY
• Slow and oozes• Blood clotting occurs
rapidly• Slow bleeding carries a
risk of infection• Bandage with sterile
dressing
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VITALS SIGNS
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BLOOD PRESSURE (BP) When the heart pumps blood into the arteries, the surge of blood filling the vessels creates pressure against the vessels walls
Represented by two numbers: systolic and diastolic
Systolic pressure is the higher pressure number Contraction of the left ventricle
Diastolic pressure is the lower pressure number Relaxation of the ventricle
Average adult blood pressure is 120/80
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Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic readingsAverage is 40 (120-80)
Athletes have lower BP due to heart being stronger and more efficientLess effort to circulate blood
High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)140/90
Low Blood Pressure (Hypotension)90/40
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PULSE Rhythmical beating of the heart
Expansion and contraction of the arteries as blood flows through them
The pulse can be found in 7 different locations Brachial artery – inner border of the biceps Common Carotid artery – in neck Femoral artery – groin Dorsalis Pedis artery – anterior surface of the foot Popliteal artery – behind the knee Radial artery – at the wrist thumb side Temporal artery – slightly above the outer edge of the eye
Pulse rate for athletes is significantly lower
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TARGET HEART RATE
Percentage of the maximum heart rate that is safe to reach during exercise
AHA recommends 50-75% for average healthy person
Calculated 220-age
THR is sliding scale that decreases with age
Tool for measuring cardiovascular exercise
Maintain THR for 15-30 min daily health benefits
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WOUND CARE
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PROTECTING BODY FROM EXPOSURE Protective equipment should be worn anytime dealing with an open wound
The type of injury will determine the type of barrier needed
Caregivers should always protect themselves
Wash hands before and after care
Can protect self using gloves, eyewear, and masks
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GLOVES Must be worn when treating any injury involving body fluids
Latex are the best material because they resist tears, highly elastic, and gives the wearer good sensitivity
Latex gloves have outstanding barrier properties
Individuals with a latex allergy can bye latex-free gloves
Must be discarded properly to reduce exposure
Gloves should be taken off inside out to trap any pathogens within glove barrier
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OSHA GUIDELINES FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE CONTROL
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Organization within the federal government that monitors outbreaks of infections
Advises affected groups on how to handle the situation and control the spread of disease
OSHA Produces standards for infections control practice by medical care workers
One of the first standards and practice rules was the Bloodborne Pathogens rule
Standard precautions Infection control guidelines designed to protect workers from exposure to disease spread by contact with blood or other bodily fluids
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WOUND CARE
Open woundIrrigate with clean, cool water to wash away any foreign particles
Use a mild soap to help control infections
Foreign particles must be removed or infection with result
Refer if necessary
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MINOR CUTS AND ABRASIONS Wash and dry
Treat with first aid cream to prevent infections
Apply sterile bandage which should be changed daily
Bandage should be large enough to cover area
Do not secure to tight or circulation will be cut off to the area
Athlete should check for signs of infection regularly
Athlete should be instructed on how to clean and manage wounds Infected wounds increases healing time
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BANDAGES AND DRESSING Will ensure proper healing and infection control
Dressing is the material placed directly on wound Large enough to cover injury Sterile to prevent infection
Bandage is the material that holds the dressing in place
Gauze dressing Made of cotton, woven into a flexible absorbent cloth
Occlusive dressing Prevent air and moisture from entering or escaping the wound
Often have a petroleum gel or a thin plastic film
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BANDAGE GUIDELINES
Select the proper size and material
Remove anything that interferes with bandaging
Never reuse a dressing or bandage, only use sterile material
Should be snug but not too tight
Leave fingers and toes exposed to check for circulation
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SIGNS OF INFECTION
Redness
Swelling
Increased pain
Oozing of pus
Increase in body temperature
Red streak on arm or leg – possible blood poisoning Emergency
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FOLDABLE Wound ManagementTypes of bleeding and their definitionsTypes of dressings and their definitionsBandage guidelinesSigns of infection
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BINGO WORDS Ventricle
Coronary Arteries
Atrium
Capillaries
Carbon Dioxide
Tricuspid Valve
Artery
Heart
Lungs
Venule
Mitral Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Arterioles
Oxygen
Vein
Pulmonary Vein
Sup. and Inf. Vena Cava
Aorta
Arterial Bleeding
Venous Bleeding
Capillary Bleeding
Platelets
Red Blood cell
White Blood Cell